CK2018: Exploring Collaborative Models for Public and On-demand Bus Transport
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This document discusses collaborative models for public and on-demand bus transport in India. It summarizes the landscape of bus aggregator companies in India and provides a case study on the environmental impacts of Shuttl operations in Delhi-NCR. The key findings are that Shuttl avoided 14,022 tons of CO2 emissions in 2017 and removed 4,312 passenger car units from the road per day. However, Shuttl customers tend to be educated professionals, indicating it currently caters to a niche market. The document raises questions about impacts in other cities and opportunities for public transit agencies and private operators to collaborate better.
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CK2018: Exploring Collaborative Models for Public and On-demand Bus Transport
- 1. A product of WRI Ross Center for Sustainable Cities OJAS SHETTY EXPLORING COLLABORATIVE MODELS FOR PUBLIC AND ON- DEMAND BUS TRANSPORT Connect Karo 2018
- 2. Bus Karo 2.0, 2014
- 3. 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 Millions Thousands Fleet size of STUs Number of Private Vehicles (cars, jeeps and 2 wheelers) Statistical Handbook of India, 2017
- 4. WRI Research Shuttl (Apr 2015) Trevo (Aug 2015)Mojo (Sept 2015) Ola Shuttle (Sept 2015) rBus/Limo (Feb 2015) Office Bus (Aug 2015) CityFlo (Aug 2015) Hoppr/goHop (Aug 2015) Commut (Dec 2015) Easy Commute (Dec 2015) Mobi Bus (Sept 2015) LevoDrive (Nov 2015) Companies that have shut operations Companies operational as of Dec 2017 ZipGo (Aug 2015)
- 5. Crowdsourced routes and demand-responsive service enables efficiency Aggregation not ownership supports flexibility Fleet mix supports access on smaller roads Assured Seating Real time ETA Electronic payments Rating Experience
- 6. LANDSCAPE IN INDIA * https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/ola-to-shut-down- bus-service-shuttle/articleshow/62810252.cms Company Launched in Total Funding Operational Cities Routes Fleet Size Bookings per day Shuttl Apr 2015 $23.1M ( Dec and June 2015) Delhi-NCR, Kolkata, Jaipur 140 500+ 30,000 ZipGo Aug 2015 Undisclosed (Apr 2017) Mumbai, Bengaluru, Delhi-NCR, Hyderabad, Jaipur NA NA CityFlo Aug 2015 $750 K (Nov 2015) + Undisclosed (Apr 2017) Mumbai 8 18 300+ Commute Dec 2015 $200 K (Apr 2016) + $200 K (2017) Hyderabad 100 50 1,200 Easy Commute Dec 2015 Undisclosed Hyderabad 40 95 500 Kruze Apr 2016 Undisclosed Mumbai 7 NA NA Source: (Tracxn 2016); (Tracxn 2017); www.crunchbase.com; Interview with founder of Purple Bus; Interviews with bus aggregator companies
- 7. CASE STUDY: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF SHUTTL Bus fleet by Bence Bezeredy, Distance by icon 54, Passengers by Mourad Mokrane, Surveys by Tomas Knopp from the Noun Project Fleet details – size, vintage, fuel type, seating capacity Vehicle Kilometers Travelled (VKT) per day Daily bookings Intercept survey with a sample of daily users
- 9. IF SHUTTL DID NOT EXIST IN DELHI-NCR… Survey Results Case Study 51% 29% 9% 2%
- 10. 14,022 tons of CO2 avoided in 2017 Emissions Modelling Case Study
- 11. Emissions Modelling -85% -68% -96% -98% -70% PM2.5 NOx CO VOC CO2 Case Study
- 12. 4,312 PCUs were potentially removed from the road per day Survey Results Case Study
- 13. WHILE SHUTTL IS GOOD FOR THE ENVIRONMENT, IT STILL CATERS TO A NICHE SEGMENT OF SOCIETY Emissions Modelling Case Study
- 14. Survey Results Case Study 98% Graduates working at private companies 93% Aged between 19 – 40 years 80% Earn between 20,000 to 60,000 (INR) 86% Have a car at home 68% 32%
- 15. WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF SUCH SERVICES IN OTHER CITIES?
- 16. HOWEVER, THEIR EMERGENCE ACROSS MAJOR INDIAN CITIES IS EVIDENCE OF DEMAND FOR RELIABLE AND COMFORTABLE TRANSPORT OPTIONS…
- 17. …AND THAT FEATURES LIKE SEAT BOOKING, REAL TIME ETA, ELECTRONIC PAYMENTS, RATING EXPERIENCE ETC. ARE CRITICAL TO COMMUTER EXPERIENCE
- 18. “INDIA NEEDS 220,000 BUSES TO MEET TRAVEL DEMAND OVER THE NEXT THREE YEARS” Mr. Abhay Damle, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways ASRTU, 2017 (http://www.india.uitp.org/news/speech-by-joint-secretary-ministry-road-transport-highway)
- 19. • Transit Agencies • Transport companies • Bus Aggregators • Experts Congestion by Gan Khoon Lay from the Noun Project
- 20. QUESTIONS FOR WORKSHOP • What are public transit operators good at? What are private on-demand bus operators good at? • What are their respective constraints? • What are opportunities/avenues for learning? • How would you run a pilot experiment together?
Editor's Notes
- Welcome everyone! Thank you for taking the time out to attend this session. In today’s workshop, we are going to explore models for collaboration between public and on-demand bus transport for Indian cities. Participants will be divided into teams and will have to work in parallel to answer a few questions. But first let us understand what the opportunity is here.
- Buses - backbone of urban passenger transport in India And over the last decade, public bus agencies have undertaken several interventions to upgrade and improve the network For instance, Mysore (KSTRCs) implementation of ITS and real-time information delivery to customers at bus stops is iconic today Other interventions range from Regular route rationalizations Adding feeder bus systems Interchange terminals Electronic Ticketing Machines and so on. However, there are still many challenges that remain
- This graph illustrates one such challenge – the trend of rising private motor vehicle ownership against the plateauing fleet size of public bus agencies for the whole of India Take note that the vertical axis on the left which corresponds to fleet size of STUs is in thousands, while that on the right corresponding to private vehicles is in millions. Now such a trend has disastrous implications for air quality, congestion and road safety.
- On the other hand, many private players have entered the urban bus transport market in recent years. In 2015 alone, some 13 companies launched demand-responsive bus services in metro cities across India. Many have also shut operations since then. Known as microtransit or on-demand shuttles in the US, such companies have come to be identified as bus aggregators in India, since they emerged fast on the heels of taxi aggregator companies Ola and Uber
- Core features: crowdsource routes based on customer demand with the help of cell phones, allows them to be efficient – that is they only run buses on a route when there is enough demand to fill up the seats. new routes are added when there is a demand for a particular origin-destination pair they aggregate existing buses (more specifically seats in existing buses) and make them available to commuters for booking via the app buses range from12 seaters to 54 seaters providing accessibility to arterials, sub-arterials and even local roads Customer-centric services through the app, allowing Book seats Pay online Track bus in real-time And rate experience
- As of February 2018, six key players continue to operate these 6 cities – Delhi-NCR, Jaipur, Kolkata, Mumbai, Bangalore and Hyderabad. Questions of impact remain Shuttl as you can see, is the biggest player in this space, having raised the most funding and also offering 30k seat bookings per day – let’s look a closer look at Shuttl
- In 2017, WRI partnered with Shuttl to conduct an environmental impact study of their business in Delhi-NCR Region. We obtained operations data from them – Fleet, VKT, Bookings – and conducted a survey with their daily users
- Majority shifted from private cars. Next major shift was from the metro. Only 2% shifted from public buses in Delhi-NCR A total of 67% shifted from car based modes (including carpool, shared-taxis, and employee transport – beyond private car and on-demand taxi depicted here) What impact does such a shift have on the environment and congestion?
- In aggregate, the scale of Shuttl’s operations in 2017 has enabled the avoidance of 14,022 tons of CO2 per Year i.e. 70 percent reduction In fact Shuttl produces only 30% of CO2 compared to all the other modes. To give a sense of scale, you’d need 6.5 lakh trees to absorb 14,000 tons in a year
- Also reduces emissions of criteria pollutants by a high margin Shuttl produces only 15 percent of PM2.5 emissions that would have been emitted by vehicles it takes off the road. Similarly, it produces only 32 percent of NOx; 4 percent of CO; 2 percent of VOC; and only 30 percent of CO2 that would have been emitted by vehicles it takes off the road.
- Commanding a fleet that offers a greater number of seats per vehicle (21 seats on average), Shuttl is able to capitalize on the number of passengers they can serve as compared on-road vehicles other than public bus. Due to Shuttl's operations, 4,312 vehicle equivalents are potentially off the road each day. Which is the same as saying that one Shuttl bus displaces approximately 15 cars.
- These estimates suggest that Shuttl (and possibly other bus aggregators) might be good for the environment And is not for everyone, particularly for low-income commuters and non-smartphone users
- Shuttl’s users are educated professionals aged between 19- 40 years (with disposable incomes that enable the purchase of at least 1 motorized vehicles)
- These were results from one impact study of one bus aggregator in one geography. The impact of such models in other cities remains to be seen
- Now, in this room we have different kinds of bus operators, from STUs, transport Companies, to On-demand Bus Aggregators. To be able to cater to rising travel demand while reducing environmental externalities, we need to pool together our resources and knowledge. How can we do this?