The North had several advantages over the South during the Civil War. The North had a larger population and more industrial capabilities, allowing it to better support its army. It also controlled the seas, cutting off international trade from the South. While the South had early battlefield successes, the North's greater resources and manpower allowed it to win increasingly important battles and wear down the South over time.

1. 
 In a couple of COMPLETE sentences, describe the
advantages that the North had over the South during
the Civil War.
Bell Ringer

2. EQ: How can I trace the critical development
and events of the American Civil War?

3. 
First Battle of Bull Run
 First major battle of the Civil War
 General Irvin McDowell (Union)
vs. General P.G.T. Beauregard
(Conf.)
 Fighting occurred near a small
river called Bull Run
 Hundreds of spectators from
Washington, D.C. watched from a
distance
 Rebels struggled at first but were
inspired by Thomas Jackson. He
held his position like a “stone
wall.”
 The loss shocked the North and
showed them that the war would
be long and difficult.

4. 
Fort Henry and Fort Donelson
 Battles were occurring over control
of the MS River and its tributaries
 Union forces led by Ulysses S.
Grant and Andrew Foote captured
Fort Henry on the TN River
 Grant and Foote then moved to Fort
Donelson on the Cumberland River
 Confederates realized they had no
chance of saving the fort
 Grant demanded a surrender with
no guarantees for the the South.
This earned him the nickname,
“Unconditional Surrender” Grant.
 This made Grant a hero for the
North and he eventually became
the top Union general.

5. 
Shiloh (TN)
 Grant led 40,000 troops to Corinth,
MS (major RR hub)
 Union captured Pittsburgh
Landing, TN, near Shiloh church
 More Union troops were on the
way
 South decided to strike first in a
surprise attack
 South was led by Albert Sidney
Johnson and P.G.T. Beauregard
 It was a narrow Union victory but
both armies had over 23,000
casualties (deaths or injured)
 After this battle, the North would
capture Memphis and were on their
way to capturing the MS River

6. 
Stones River (TN)
 Occurred in Tennessee,
near Murfreesboro
 One of the bloodiest
battles of the Civil War
 Tennessee General
Braxton Bragg ordered
John Breckinridge to
charge the Union
 Both sides fought to a
draw until Union re-
enforcements arrived

7. 
Antietam
 Robert E. Lee went to Maryland
and split his army into four parts
 Each part moved in a different
direction to confuse Union
general, George McClellan
 A Confederate officer lost his
battle plans and it was found by
the Union
 McClellan did not attack
immediately, giving Lee time to
prepare
 Key Union victory
 Deadliest single-day of fighting
in the entire war (6,000 dead and
17,000 wounded)

8. 
Fredericksburg
 Lee moved into Virginia
from Maryland
 Union general, Ambrose
Burnside responded by
moving toward
Richmond (CSA capital)
 Lee intercepted them at
Fredericksburg and won
by digging trenches in the
surrounding hills

9. 
Chancellorsville
 Lee vs. General Joseph Hooker
 Hooker had twice as many men
 Lee showed his skill by
dividing the Confederate troops
 Lee attacked the front, while
“Stonewall” attacked at the
flank (side)
 “Stonewall” would lose his left
arm
 Lee said, “he lost his left arm
and I have lost my right”
 “Stonewall” eventually died
from his wounds

10. 
Gettysburg
 One of the most decisive
battles of the war
 Confederates came into
the town looking for
supplies
 Lee wanted to avoid
fighting in land that he
did not know well
 Lee would meet the
enemy in this small
Pennsylvania town

11. 
Gettysburg (Day 1)
 Battle started on July 1,
1863 at 7:30 a.m.
 Union troops were
outnumbered and
retreated to Cemetery
Ridge
 Colonel Chamberlain's
Speech

12. 
Gettysburg (Day 2)
 Southern generals tried
to force the Union out
of the hills
 Union forces under
George Meade held
their positions

13. 
Gettysburg (Day 3)
 Lee planned to completely
destroy the Union army
 Lee sent George Pickett to
attack Cemetery Ridge
(“Pickett’s Charge”)
 This strategy seemed to
work at first but soon
became ineffective
 The rebels lost half of the
men involved in the attack
and the North would win
the battle
 Virgnia's Glory- Pickett's
Charge

14. 
Casualties at Gettysburg
 Confederates
 25,000
 Union
 23,000

15. 
Vicksburg
 Occurred on July 4, the day
after Gettysburg ended
 Vicksburg was an important
city on the MS River
 Grant won this battle by
cutting off food and supplies
from the Confederates
 Union gunships supported
Grant
 This completed the
Anaconda Plan

16. 
Chickamauga (TN)
 Occurred in September of
1863 near Chattanooga, TN
 General Braxton Bragg had
been forced out of the area
earlier that month
 Bragg called for
reinforcements and supplies
 Grant sent supplies of his
own to General William
Rosecrans and the Union
won the battle and
controlled the area

17. 
Lookout Mountain (TN)
 Joseph Hooker (Union)
vs Carter Stevenson
(Confederacy)
 Union victory in
Tennessee that opened
a gateway to the Deep
South
 Ended Confederate
control in Tennessee

18. 
Franklin and Nashville
(TN)
 One of the final battles
of the Civil War in
Tennessee
 Confederate forces
marched into
Tennessee from
Georgia
 Confederate forces
were badly defeated at
Franklin and destroyed
at Nashville

19. 
Sherman’s “March to the Sea”
 Confederates were refusing to give up
 The Union was trying to break the will of
the Confederates
 William Tecumseh Sherman led forces
across Georgia, burning Atlanta in the
process
 Cities and crops were burned
 Sherman continued through the
Carolinas to meet Grant in Richmond
 On his way, he tore up railroad lines and
fields and killed livestock
 The goal of this strategy (“total war”)
was to end the war by exposing the
Southern population to the horrors of
war
 White Southerners were outraged but
many African Americans followed
Sherman to freedom

20. 
Appomattox Court
House
 April 9, 1865
 Two days earlier, Grant asked
Lee to surrender, but Lee
believed the South should fight
on
 The Union had captured the train
carrying food to Southern troops
 Lee finally agreed to surrender at
the court house
 Grant offered the following to
Lee:
 Officers could keep small
firearms and horses
 Rebels could return home
undisturbed
 Grant also gave 25,000 rations to
feed Lee’s troops

21. 
 Construct a newspaper article detailing one of the
battles or events of the American Civil War. Your
article should include:
 A headline
 A small illustration
 At least one page of text
 Grading Rubric:
 Historical Accuracy (5 points)
 Detail (5 points)
Extension Activity