After the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854, violence erupted between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers in Kansas territory, known as Bleeding Kansas. This violence was one of the first signs of open conflict between North and South and helped catalyze the formation of the Republican Party in opposition to the expansion of slavery. Other events exacerbating sectional tensions included the Dred Scott decision, John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, and Abraham Lincoln's election in 1860 without any Southern states, leading several Southern states to secede and form the Confederate States of America. The Civil War began with the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter in April 1861. Major battles included Antietam, Gettysburg, V

1. Standard 9
Civil War

2. •Build a transcontinentalBuild a transcontinental
connecting California to theconnecting California to the
East Coast either in theEast Coast either in the
South or NorthSouth or North
•Stephen Douglas wantedStephen Douglas wanted
the railroad built in the Norththe railroad built in the North
but had to convince thebut had to convince the
South otherwise.South otherwise.
•Proposed a plan thatProposed a plan that
Kansas and NebraskaKansas and Nebraska
territories be opened up toterritories be opened up to
slavery in return for buildingslavery in return for building
the railroad in the North.the railroad in the North.
•Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty
Kan. & Neb Act

3. Map Bleeding Kan
Attacks by free-states
Attacks by pro-slavery states
(Led by John Brown)
•Kansas/Nebraska ActKansas/Nebraska Act
led to several acts ofled to several acts of
violence between pro-violence between pro-
slavery settlers andslavery settlers and
anti-slavery settlers.anti-slavery settlers.
•First violent outbreaksFirst violent outbreaks
between north/south.between north/south.
•First battles of the CivilFirst battles of the Civil
War begin in Kansas inWar begin in Kansas in
1856.1856.
•Over 200 killedOver 200 killed

4. Bleeding Kan
After the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854, the Kansas territory became a
battleground. Pro-slavery and antislavery supporters rushed to settle in Kansas. The
territory was torn by battles and massacres. The issue also bitterly divided the nation and
led to the formation of the Republican Party. The first shots of the Civil War were in Bleeding
Kansas.

5. •Slave from Missouri traveled
with his owner to Illinois &
Minnesota both free states.
•His master died and Scott
wanted to move back to
Missouri---Missouri still
recognized him as a slave.
•He sued his master’s widow for
his freedom since he had lived in
a free state for a period of time.
•Court case went to the
Supreme Court for a decision-----
National issue

6. Chart/Effect of Scott
•Supreme Court hands down
the Dred Scott decision
•North refused to enforce
Fugitive Slave Law
•Free states pass personal
liberty laws.
•Republicans claim the
decision is not binding
•Southerners call on the
North to accept the decision
if the South is to remain in
the Union.
•Slaves cannot sue the
U.S. for their freedom
because they are property.
•They are not citizens and
have no legal right under
the Constitution.
•Supreme Court legalized
slavery by saying that
•Congress could not stop
a slaveowner from moving
his slaves to a new
territory
•Missouri Compromise
and all other compromises
were unconstitutional

7. •Violent abolitionist
•Involved in the Bleeding
Kansas
•Murdered 5 pro-slavery
men in Kansas
•Wanted to lead a slave
revolt throughout the
South by raising an army of
freed slaves and destroying
the South.

8. •Attacked a U.S.
Ammunition
depot in
Harper’s Ferry,
Virginia in Oct.
of 1859 to
capture
weapons and
begin his slave
revolt.

9. •Unsuccessful and captured by USMC under the
leadership of Robert E. Lee
•Put on trial for treason.

10. •He was found guilty of treason and
sentenced to death.
•His last words were to this effect: “I“I
believe that the issue of slavery willbelieve that the issue of slavery will
never be solved unless through thenever be solved unless through the
shedding of blood.”shedding of blood.”
•Northerners thought of John Brown
as a martyr to the abolitionist cause.
•Southerners were terrified that if
John Brown almost got away with this,
there must be others like him in the
North who are willing to die to end
slavery.
•South’s outcome: To leave the U.S.
and start their own country.
Picture/J.Brown Hanging

12. President Lincoln
•Elected President in
1860 without winning
a single southern
state.
•Defeated John Bell,
John Breckinridge,
and Stephen Douglas.

13. Abraham Lincoln
• After Lincoln’s election, South Carolina voted to secede
(separate from) the United States, followed by Mississippi,
Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and then Texas.
• They formed a new country called the Confederate States of
America (the “Confederacy”).
• When they attacked the U.S. Army base at Fort Sumter, South
Carolina, in April 1861, the long- feared Civil War had begun.
• President Lincoln believed preservation of the United States
(the “Union”) was the most important task for any U.S.
president.

14. Habeus Corpus
• It is the legal rule that anyone imprisoned must be taken
before a judge to determine if the prisoner is being legally
held in custody.
• The Constitution allows a president to suspend habeas corpus
during a national emergency.
• Lincoln used his emergency powers to legalize the holding of
Confederate sympathizers without trial and without a judge
agreeing they were legally imprisoned.
• Over 13,000 Confederate sympathizers were arrested in the
North.

15. Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address
• He stated that he did not believe the southern states
had the right to secede from the Union and thought
they were merely rebelling against the government.
• He never considered the Confederacy a separate
country.
• Although Lincoln had often stated he in only wished
to restrict the spread of slavery instead of abolish it,
over time he did embrace the idea of ending the
practice in the United States.

16. Confederate Leaders
Robert E. Lee
General Lee declined
President Lincoln’s offer
because he said he was
from Virginia and would
remain loyal to the South.
Perhaps the most
brilliant military
tactician in the war
and his leadership of
the Confederate
Army.

17. Stonewall Jackson
Thomas
“Stonewall”
Jackson was a
brilliant field
commander under
Robert E. Lee for
the Confederacy
He had taught
military strategy at
the Virginia Military
Institute prior to the
Civil War.

18. Union Leaders (SSUSH9c)
Ulysses S. Grant
•Graduated from West Point
•Very successful in the western
campaigns, Shiloh and
Vicksburg
•Because of his victories, it led
to his promotion to
commander of all Union
armies by Lincoln in March of
1864.
•Forced RE Lee to sign the
surrender at Appomattox
Courthouse

19. William Tecumseh Sherman
•Union General famous
for his March to the Sea
•He went on to capture
Atlanta.
Atlanta was critical to
the railroad
transportation network
for the Southern Army.
•Moved from Atlanta to
Savannah destroying
everything in their path

20. Jefferson Davis
• West Point Grad-
Senator from Mississippi
• He was elected President
of the Confederacy.
• Although he was initially
successful in mobilizing
the Confederacy for war
—he was unable to
maintain the balance of
military necessity and
political will to keep the
Confederacy from
collapsing

21. WAR!WAR!
•April 12, 1861 Confederate troops fired
on Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, SC
• April 13, 1861 Major Anderson
surrendered the Fort to the confederate
army
• President Lincoln called for troops in
order to engage the Confederate Army
• The two armies met on July 21, 1861 at
Manassas Junction, VA
• Unexpected bloody battle ensued
• Northern army ran back to
Washington, D.C.
• nearly 5,000 casualties in one day

22. New Strategy
• During the first two years of the war, north was unsuccessful
on the battlefield
– Yorktown
– Fredericksburg
– Chancellorsville
• Anaconda Strategy: proposed to Lincoln by General Winfield
Scott, squeeze the south and cut it off militarily
– Blockade
• North went through a number of generals that could not
defeat Robert E. Lee’s southern army until General Grant was
chosen for the job

24. Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam
“Bloodiest Single Day of the War”“Bloodiest Single Day of the War”
23,000 casualties23,000 casualties
September 17, 1862September 17, 1862

25. •Freed all slaves
in states in
rebellion
against the US
•Did not apply
to slaves in
border states
fighting for US
•No affect on
southern areas
already under
US control.
•War was NOW fought to end slavery.
•US soldiers were “Freedom Fighters”

26. Vicksburg
• May-July 1863––Union Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant laid siege
to Vicksburg, Mississippi, because the army that controlled its
high ground over a bend in the Mississippi River would
control traffic on the whole river.
• After a seven-week siege, Grant achieved one of the Union’s
major strategic goals: he gained control of the Mississippi
River.
• Confederate troops and supplies in Arkansas, Louisiana, and
Texas were cut off from the Confederacy.
• This Union victory, coupled with the Union victory at
Gettysburg, was the turning point of the war.

27. Gettysburg
• April 1863 - At the same time as the
siege of Vicksburg was coming to a
close, the 3 day battle of Gettysburg
was fought in Gettysburg,
Pennsylvania.
• This proved to be the most decisive
battle of the Civil War and also the
costliest.
• Casualties totaled 23,000 for the Union
and 28,000 for the Confederacy.
• The most famous maneuver of the
battle was a suicide charge ordered by
Lee and under the command of
General Pickett. “Pickett’s Charge”
resulted in Confederate soldiers being
slaughtered in an open field charge into
heavy gun and artillery fire.

28. Battle of Atlanta
• The Battle of Atlanta was a long campaign for the control of
Georgia by Union General William Sherman.
• It began with a surging victory out of Tennessee at Lookout
Mountain in November of 1863.

29. Battle of Atlanta
• Union forces pushed the
Confederate Army back to
Atlanta in September of 1864.
They burned the majority of
Atlanta to the ground and
then General Sherman began
a “March to the Sea” to
Savannah.

30. Sherman’s March

31. Horror of War
• Huge causalities
– Over 620,000 by end
of war
– New weapons were
more deadly than
ever before
• Gangrene
• Prison Camps

32. Women in the Civil War
• Served as nurses
– Clara Barton
• Sewed uniforms and flags
• Took care of farms and businesses
while men away
• Spies
– Rose O’Neal Greenhow
• Posed as men to fight in the war

33. Surrender
• Lee abandoned Richmond
– Last battle fought at Appomattox Court House
– Surrender April 9, 1865 in the home of Wilmer
McLean
• Terms of surrender:
• Confederates could go home with fire arms and
horses
• Lee would go free

35. Aftermath
• Northerners wanted the south to pay for the war
– Hang Jefferson Davis
• Lincoln wanted leniency for the south
• 13th
amendment: end of slavery (1865)
• 14th
amendment: extended federal legal protections equally to
citizens regardless of race
• 15th
amendment: abolished racial restrictions on voting
• Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Booth April 14, 1865