The circulatory, lymphatic, and respiratory systems work together to transport nutrients, gases, and waste throughout the body. The cardiovascular system uses the heart, blood vessels and blood to carry oxygen and nutrients to cells and remove waste. Blood contains plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. The lymphatic system returns fluids leaked from tissues to the bloodstream and fights pathogens using lymph nodes and vessels. The respiratory system takes in oxygen through the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs where gas exchange occurs in alveoli, then expels carbon dioxide.

1. Circulatory Systems
• Cardiovascular, lymphatic and respiratory
systems are circulatory systems
• Cardiovascular: made of the heart, blood
vessels and blood
• Uses blood to carry material to and from
body cells
• Blood – connective tissue composed of
plasma, blood cells, platelets

2. Cont
• Body contain approx. 5 liters
• Produced in spongy bone – long bones
and flat bones
• Plasma – fluid part of blood
– Mixture of water, minerals, nutrients, proteins
and other substances
• Red blood cells (RBC) – most abundant in
blood
• Take in oxygen

3. Cont
• Contain a protein called hemoglobin which
gives RBC’s their color
• Allows oxygen to “stick” to the RBC
• White blood cell – destroys pathogens and
cleans wounds
• Use several methods to accomplish the
task: releasing a protein called antibodies
that destroy pathogens

4. Cont
• Antibodies travel in tissue looking for
foreign material
• Remove cells that have died or become
damaged
• Pathogens: bacteria, viruses, microscopic
particles that make you sick
• Some WBC’s are produced in bone
marrow, others mature in lymphatic
organs

5. Cont
• Platelets – pieces of large cells found in
bone marrow
• Some “squeeze off” fragments that enter
the bloodstream
• Live for 5 to 10 days
• Used for clumping properties by using
chemicals that react with proteins to form
tiny fibers which forms a clot (scab)

6. Cont
• Heart – muscular organ approx. the size of
your fist
• Located off center to the left of your chest
cavity
• Pumps oxygen depleted blood to the
lungs (pulmonary circulation) and oxygen
rich blood from your lungs back to the
heart and the rest of your body (systemic
circulation)
• Composed of two sides (left and right)

7. Cont
• Each side has an upper and lower chamber
– Upper; atrium
– Lower; ventricle
• Valves are flap like structures that control the
flow of blood
• Valves are located at areas where large arteries
connect to the heart
• Heart sounds “lub-dub” is the valves opening
and closing

8. Cont
• Blood vessels – hollow tubes that carry
blood
• Consist of arteries, capillaries and veins
• Arteries – direct blood away from the heart
carrying oxygen rich blood (pulmonary
artery oxygen poor)
• Have thick walls that contain smooth
muscle
• Blood is pumped through the arteries at
high pressure (closed system)

9. Cont
• Capillaries – smallest of the blood vessels
– Walls are only one cell thick
– Structure allows nutrients and oxygen to
diffuse easily through walls
• Veins – direct oxygen poor blood to the
heart (pulmonary vein oxygen rich)
• Valves keep blood from flowing backwards

10. Cont
• Flow of blood
• Arteries → capillaries → veins
• Blood from the right ventricle goes to the
lungs (carbon dioxide blood)
• Blood from the left ventricle goes to the
body (oxygen rich blood)
• Pulmonary circulation – circulation
between the heart and lungs

11. Cont
• Systemic circulation – circulation between
the heart and the body
• Body regulator – blood regulates your
body temperature
• Feedback mechanisms notify your brain
that your body has heated up, your brain
sends electrical signals to the blood
vessels to enlarge, transferring thermal
energy to you skin, lowering body temp

12. Lymphatic System
• Lymphatic system – collection of organs
that return the fluids that have leaked into
tissue back to the bloodstream
• Also fights against pathogens
• Fluid is carried in vessels called lymph
capillaries
• Lymph capillaries are located in the space
between cells and absorb particles to
large to enter the blood capillaries

13. Cont
• Absorbed fluids is called lymph
• Lymph capillaries carry lymph to lymph
vessels
• Lymph vessels contain valves to stop
backflow
• Lymph eventually drains into large neck
veins of the cardiovascular sys.

14. Cont
• Lymphatic organs
• Thymus – located above your heart
– Releases WBC’s that travel through the body
• Lymph nodes – small bean shaped
organs found throughout the body
– Pathogens and dead cells are removed

15. Cont
• When lymph nodes become infected with
pathogens, nodes become painful and
swollen
• Spleen – largest organ in the lymphatic
sys.
– Located in the upper left side of the abdomen
– Filters blood “recycling center” for RBC’s and
releases WBC’s

16. Cont
• Tonsils – group of lymphatic tissue at the
back of the nasal cavity on the inside of
your throat

17. Respiratory
• Respiratory system – composed of the
lungs, throat, and passageways that lead
to the lungs
• Air you breath is a mixture of gases:
nitrogen, oxygen and trace materials
• Breathing is the process of inhaling and
exhaling

18. • Cellular respiration is the chemical
reactions that release energy from food by
using O2
• Major organs that compose the respiratory
system
• Nose – main passage way in and out of
the respiratory system
• Pharynx – from the nose, air flows into
the (pharynx) throat

19. – Food and liquids also travel through the
pharynx as it travels to the stomach
(esophagus)
• Larynx – leads to the lungs
– Larynx – contains the vocal cords, paired
elastic bands that stretch across the larynx

20. • Muscles connected to the larynx control
how much the cords are stretched
• Air flow over the cords cause vibration
which causes sound
• Trachea – large tube guarded by the
larynx, also called the windpipe
– Passageway for air from larynx to the lungs

21. • Bronchi – trachea splits into 2 tubes
called bronchus (singular) that branch off
to each lung
• Bronchus branch off into thousands of tiny
tubes called bronchioles
• Lungs – 2 large sponge like organs in the
chest cavity
• In the lungs, bronchiole branches to form
thousands of tiny sacs called alveoli

22. • Capillaries surround the alveoli – O2 is
taken in and CO2 is expelled through
diffusion
• Breathing – air is sucked into / then
pushed out of the lungs
• Lungs do not contain muscle
• Diaphragm is a dome shaped muscle
which contracts and expands to move air
• The rib cage muscles will contract and lifts
the rib cage

23. • Respiratory disorders
– Asthma – irritants cause tissue around the
bronchioles to constrict
– Bronchitis – bronchi and the bronchioles lining
becomes irritated
– Pneumonia – bronchioles and alveoli become
inflamed and fill with fluids
– Emphysema – caused by smoking