Circulation of body fluids involves the movement of fluids through the circulatory system, including blood and lymph. The circulatory system consists of the blood vascular and lymphatic systems. The blood vascular system contains blood, blood vessels, and the heart. Blood is a liquid that circulates throughout the body, consisting of plasma and corpuscles like red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Blood vessels include arteries that carry blood away from the heart and veins that carry blood back to the heart. The heart is a four-chambered pump that drives double circulation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood through two separate circuits.

1. CIRCULATION OF BODY FLUIDS

2. Circulation of body fluids is the movement of
body fluids inside the animal from the place
of formation to the place of utilization.
Circulatory system of man is divisible into
Blood vascular system and Lymphatic system

3. Blood vascular system consists
of blood, blood vessels and
heart.
BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEM

4. BLOOD
Blood is a liquid circulatory medium in the body.
pH ranges from 7.3 to 7.5.
Blood consists of 2 parts- Plasma and Corpuscles.

5. Plasma
Fluid part of the blood is called plasma. Blood minus
corpuscles is equal to plasma. It is a liquid part with
yellowish colour. It contributes about 55% of the total
blood volume. It consists of water and solid components.
Water alone contributes 91-92%. The solid part consist of
organic and inorganic compounds. Organic compounds
consist of plasma proteins like serum albumin, serum
globulin, fibrinogen, prothrombin and non proteins like
ammonia, urea. Inorganic compounds include sodium
chloride, calcium, iron etc.

6. CORPUSCLES
They are of 3 types- RBC,
WBC, PLATELETS
RBC – In all vertebrates these are
nucleated except mammal(except
camel). They contain haemoglobin ,
which is a respiratory pigment. Life span
is 120 days.

7. WBC- They are blood cells without pigments. They
are found less as compared to RBC. They act as
soldiers of body’s defense mechanism. Life span is
12-13 days. They are produced in bone marrow
and lymph nodes. They are classified into 2 major
types- Agranulocytes and Granulocytes.
Agranulocytes possess granules in the cytoplasm.
They are further classified into Lymphocytes,
Monocytes.
Granulocytes contains granules in the cytoplasm.
They are further classified into Neutrophil,
Basophil, Eosinophil.

8. PLATELETS- These are smallest
sized blood corpuscles. They play
a major role in the process of
blood clotting. They are non-
nucleated in mammals. At injury
the platelets release the enzyme
thromboplastin which cause
coagulation of blood.

9. BLOOD VESSELS
Blood vessels are network of tubes that transport blood
throughout the body.
These are of 2 types- arteries and veins.

10. ARTERIES
 The blood vessels carrying blood from heart
towards different parts of the body are called
arteries.
 The walls of the arteries is very thick &
elastic so as to withstand the high pressure
of the blood.
 The arteries do not possess valves in their
passage.
 Blood flows rapidly with jerks & under high
pressure.
 All arteries carry oxygenated blood except
pulmonary artery.

11. VEINS
 The blood vessels carrying blood from
different parts of body towards the heart
are called veins.
 The veins possess valves at intervals to
prevent back flow of blood.
 Blood flows smoothly without jerks.
 All veins carry deoxygenated blood except
pulmonary veins.

12. HEART
Heart is situated in the thoracic cavity in between the two
lungs slightly tilted to the left.
The heart is enclosed in a membranous sac called
pericardium.
Internally the human heart is 4 chambered, 2 auricles
and 2 ventricles.

13. The blood circulation through human heart is called double
circulation.
The right & left side of the heart function as two separate pumps.
One side contain oxygenated and one side contain deoxygenated
blood. The right part of the heart is concerned with deoxygenated
blood and the left part with oxygenated blood.
In a complete circuit in the body blood passes twice through the
heart chambers, once via the lungs and once via the body parts.
This type of circulation of blood is called double circulation.