This document discusses thyristor devices, specifically silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs). It describes the basic structure and operation of SCRs, including how they are turned on through their gate and turned off by reducing their anode current. The document outlines various ratings of SCRs such as current, voltage, and switching ratings. It also discusses how SCRs can be connected in series and parallel and describes different gate triggering and commutation circuits used to control SCR operation. Finally, it briefly introduces some other types of thyristor devices.
As we have discussed that out of various triggering methods to turn the SCR, gate triggering is the most efficient and reliable method. Most of the control applications use this type of triggering because the desired instant of SCR turning is possible with gate triggering method.
A silicon-controlled rectifier or semiconductor-controlled rectifier is a four-layer solid-state current-controlling device. Some sources define silicon-controlled rectifiers and thyristors as synonymous,[5] other sources define silicon-controlled rectifiers as a proper subset of the set of thyristors. SCRs are mainly used in devices where the control of high power, possibly coupled with high voltage, is demanded. Their operation makes them suitable for use in medium- to high-voltage AC power control applications, such as lamp dimming, power regulators and motor control.
This ppt provides a brief overview on thyristors commonly known as SCRs. V- I characteristics curve, triggering methods, protection methods, series and parallel operations of SCRs, applications are discussed in this slide.
As we have discussed that out of various triggering methods to turn the SCR, gate triggering is the most efficient and reliable method. Most of the control applications use this type of triggering because the desired instant of SCR turning is possible with gate triggering method.
A silicon-controlled rectifier or semiconductor-controlled rectifier is a four-layer solid-state current-controlling device. Some sources define silicon-controlled rectifiers and thyristors as synonymous,[5] other sources define silicon-controlled rectifiers as a proper subset of the set of thyristors. SCRs are mainly used in devices where the control of high power, possibly coupled with high voltage, is demanded. Their operation makes them suitable for use in medium- to high-voltage AC power control applications, such as lamp dimming, power regulators and motor control.
This ppt provides a brief overview on thyristors commonly known as SCRs. V- I characteristics curve, triggering methods, protection methods, series and parallel operations of SCRs, applications are discussed in this slide.
Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) is a unidirectional semiconductor device made of silicon.SCR is a three-terminal, four-layer semiconductor device consisting of alternate layers of p-type and n-type material.
Output equation of Induction motor; Main dimensions; Separation of D and L; Choice of Average flux density; length of air gap; Design of Stator core; Rules for selecting rotor slots of squirrel cage machines; Design of rotor bars and slots; Design of end rings; Design of wound rotor; Magnetic leakage calculations; Leakage reactance of polyphase machines; Magnetizing current; Short circuit current; Operating characteristics; Losses and Efficiency.
The complete list of thyristor family members include diac (bidirectional diode thyristor), triac (bidirectional triode thyristor), SCR (silicon controlled rectifier), Shockley diode, SCS (silicon controlled switch), SBS (silicon bilateral switch), SUS (silicon unilateral switch) also known as complementary SCR or CSCR, LASCR (light activated SCR), LAS (light activated switch) and LASCS (light activated SCS).
Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) is a unidirectional semiconductor device made of silicon.SCR is a three-terminal, four-layer semiconductor device consisting of alternate layers of p-type and n-type material.
Output equation of Induction motor; Main dimensions; Separation of D and L; Choice of Average flux density; length of air gap; Design of Stator core; Rules for selecting rotor slots of squirrel cage machines; Design of rotor bars and slots; Design of end rings; Design of wound rotor; Magnetic leakage calculations; Leakage reactance of polyphase machines; Magnetizing current; Short circuit current; Operating characteristics; Losses and Efficiency.
The complete list of thyristor family members include diac (bidirectional diode thyristor), triac (bidirectional triode thyristor), SCR (silicon controlled rectifier), Shockley diode, SCS (silicon controlled switch), SBS (silicon bilateral switch), SUS (silicon unilateral switch) also known as complementary SCR or CSCR, LASCR (light activated SCR), LAS (light activated switch) and LASCS (light activated SCS).
Understanding SCR Power Controls and Types of SCR Firingelprocus
Power control using SCR (Silicon-controlled rectifier), ZVS and phase angle control with 3 firing circuits and the types and application of scr power controls. Also know about back to back SCRs to achieve power control.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
1. Engr. Affifa Adeeb
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
University College of Engineering & Technology
EEN-324EEN-324
Power ElectronicsPower Electronics
Thyristor DevicesThyristor Devices
Silicon Controlled RectifiersSilicon Controlled Rectifiers
(SCR)(SCR)
1
2. Power Semiconductor Switches
Power Diodes Power Transistors Thyristors
2 layer device 3 layer Device 4 layer
Device
Thyristor devices can convert and control large amounts of power in
AC or DC systems while using very low power for control.
Thyristor family includes
1- Silicon controlled switch (SCR)
2- Gate-turnoff thyristor (GTO)
3- Triac
4- Diac
5- Silicon controlled switch (SCS)
6- Mos-controlled switch (MCT)
2
3. INTRODUCTION
SCR is most popular of thyristor family due to its
Fast switching action , small size and high voltage and current
ratings.
It is commonly used in power electronic applications.
SCR has 3 terminals (gate provides control)
SCR is turned on by applying +ve gate signal
when anode is +ve with repect to cathode.
SCR is turned off by interrupting anode
current.
3
PNPN structure Symbol
4. TWO TRANSISTOR MODEL OF SCR
4
Gate requires small positive pulse for short duration to turn SCR on.
Once the device is on, the gate signal serves no useful purpose and
can be removed.
7. SCR RATINGS
(a) SCR Current Ratings
1- Maximum Repetitive RMS current Rating
Average on-state current is the maximum average current value that can be
carried by the SCR in its on state.
RMS value of nonsinusoidal waveform is simplified by approximating it by
rectangular waveform.
This approximation give higher RMS value, but leaves slight safety factor.
7
9. Knowing the form factor for given waveform, RMS current
can be obtained from
IRMS=fo(IAVE)
Maximum repetitive RMS current is given by
IT(RMS)=fo(IT(AVE))
Conduction angle verses form factor
9
Conduction angle
(θ)
Form factor (fo)
20° 5.0
40° 3.5
60° 2.7
80° 2.3
100° 2.0
120° 1.8
140° 1.6
160° 1.4
11. 2- Surge Current Rating
Peak anode current that SCR can handle for brief duration.
3- Latching current
Minimum anode current that must flow through the SCR in order
for it to stay on initially after gate signal is removed.
4- Holding Current
Minimum value of anode current, required to maintain SCR in
conducting state.
11
12. (B) SCR VOLTAGE RATINGS
1- Peak repetitive forward blocking voltage
Maximum instantaneous voltage that SCR can block in forward
direction.
2- Peak Repetitive Reverse Voltage
Maximum instantaneous voltage that SCR can withstand,
without breakdown, in reverse direction.
3- Non-repetitive peak reverse voltage
Maximum transient reverse voltage that SCR can withstand.
12
13. (C) SCR RATE-OF-CHANGE RATINGS
1- (di/dt rating)
Critical rate of rise of on-state current. It is the rate at which anode current increases
and must be less than rate at which conduction area increases.
To prevent damage to SCR by high di/dt value, small inductance is added in series
with device. Vaue of required inductance is
L>= Vp
(di/dt)max
2- dv/dt rating
Maximum rise time of a voltage pulse that can be applied to the SCR in the off state
without causing it to fire. Unscheduled firing due to high value of dv/dt can be
prevented by using RC snubber circuit.
13
14. (D) GATE PARAMETERS
1- Maximum Gate Peak Inverse Voltage
Maximum value of negative DC voltage that can be applied without damaging the gate-
cathode junction.
2-Maximum Gate Trigger Current
Maximum DC gate current allowed to turn on the device.
3- Maximum gate trigger voltage
DC voltage necessary to produce maximum gate trigger current.
4- Maximum Gate Power Dissipation
Maximum instantaneous product of gate current and gate voltage that can exist during
forward-bias.
5- Minimum gate trigger voltage
Minimum DC gate-to-cathode voltage required to trigger the SCR.
6-Minimum gate trigger current
Minimum DC gate current necessary to turn SCR on.
14
16. SCRs are connected in series and parallel to extend
voltage and current ratings.
For high-voltage, high-current applications, series-
parallel combinations of SCRs are used.
16
17. SCRS IN SERIES
Unequal distribution of voltage across two series SCRs.
Two SCRs do not share the same supply voltage. Maximum
voltage that SCRs can block is V1+V2, not 2VBO.
17
20. SCRS IN PARALLEL
Unequal current sharing between two SCRs is shown:
Total rated current of parallel connection is I1+I2, not 2I2.
20
21. With unmatched SCRs, equal current sharing is achieved by
adding low value resistor or inductor in series with each SCR, as
shown below.
Value of resistance R is obtained from:
R=V1-V2
I2-I1
21
22. Current sharing in SCRs with parallel reactors
Equalization using resistors is inefficient due to
Extra power loss
Noncompansation for unequal SCR turn-on and turn-off times.
Damage due to overloading
SCRs with center-tapped reactors is shown below.
22
24. Triggering circuits provide firing signal to turn
on the SCR at precisely the correct time.
Firing circuits must have following properties
1. Produce gate signal of suitable magnitude and sufficiently
short rise time.
2. Produce gate signal of adequate duration.
3. Provide accurate firing control over the required range.
4. Ensure that triggering does not occur from false signals or
noise
5. In AC applications, ensure that the gate signal is applied
when the SCR is forward-biased
6. In three-phase circuits, provide gate pulses that are 120° apart
with respect to the reference point
7. Ensure simultaneous triggering of SCRs connected in series or
in parallel.
24
25. TYPES OF GATE FIRING SIGNALS
1. DC signals
2. Pulse signals
3. AC signals
25
28. DISADVANTAGE OF DC GATING
SIGNALS
1. Constant DC gate signal causes gate power
dissipation
2. DC gate signals are not used for firing SCRs in
AC applications, because presence of positive
gate signal during negative half cycle would
increase the reverse anode current and possibly
destroy the device.
28
29. (2) PULSE SIGNALS
1. Instead of continuous DC signal, single pulse or
train of pulses is generated.
2. It provides precise control of point at which SCR
is fired.
3. It provides electrical isolation between SCR and
gate-trigger circuit.
29
37. What is Commutation?
The process of turning off an SCR is called
commutation.
It is achieved by
1. Reducing anode current below holding current
2. Make anode negative with respect to cathode
Types of commutation are:
1. Natural or line commutation
2. Forced commutation
37
38. SCR TURNOFF METHODS
1. Diverting the anode current to an alternate path
2. Shorting the SCR from anode to cathode
3. Applying a reverse voltage (by making the cathode
positive with respect to the anode) across the SCR
4. Forcing the anode current to zero for a brief period
5. Opening the external path from its anode supply voltage
6. Momentarily reducing supply voltage to zero
38
53. ASSIGNMENT#1
1. Does gate current has any effect on forward-
breakover voltage? Justify the statement
“Higher the gate current, lower is the forward
breakover voltage.”
2. Discribe briefly following members of thyristor
family.
Programmable Unijunction Transistor (PUT)
Silicon Unilateral Switch (SUS)
Static Induction Thyristor (SITH)
Light Activated Thyristor (LASCR)
53