The document summarizes the origins and growth of Australia's creative industries sector since the 1990s. It introduced the "Creative Nation" cultural policy that viewed culture as an economic driver that creates wealth, exports, tourism, and innovation. The creative industries sectors include advertising, design, film, television, music, performing arts, and publishing. The creative workforce is categorized into specialist creatives, embedded creatives, and support activities. Employment and value in the creative industries has grown significantly since the 1990s, especially in film, television, and digital media/technologies. More recent cultural policies aim to leverage creativity, technology, and innovation to support economic growth.

1. Culture and Creative Industries in Australia Terry Flew, ARC Centre of Excellence for Creative Industries and Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia Presentation to 3rd China Trade in Services Congress, Beijing, China, June 1-3, 2011

2. Origins of Australian Creative Industries in 1990s Creative Nation cultural policy This cultural policy is also an economic policy. Culture creates wealth ... [and] adds value, it makes an essential contribution to innovation, marketing and design. It is a badge of our industry. The level of our creativity substantially determines our ability to adapt to new economic imperatives. It is a valuable export in itself and an essential accompaniment to the export of other commodities. It attracts tourism and students. It is essential to our economic success. (Creative Nation, 1994)

3. Creative Industries Sectors Advertising, Graphic Design and Marketing; Architecture, Visual Arts and Design; Film, Television and Entertainment Software; Music Composition and Publishing; Performing Arts; Writing, Publishing and Print Media.

4. 4 Creative Trident Specialist creatives (cultural occupation/cultural industry Embedded creatives (cultural occupation/non-cultural industry Support activities (non-cultural occupation/cultural industry

5. 5 Australian creative workforce - using creative trident Source:Higgs, Cunningham and Pagan 2007.

6. 6 Sectoral composition- employment Source: Higgs, Cunningham and Pagan 2007

7. 7 Value of Australian CIs - using creative trident Source:Higgs, Cunningham and Pagan 2007.

8. Australian CIs as industry share, 2006

9. CI growth by sector, Australia, 1996-2007

10. Australia’s GDP Growth, 1995-2010

11. Australia’s terms of trade, 1995-2010

12. Internet and digital media technologies

13. The new cultural policy Governments have searched for ways to surf the wave of the new information economy, looking to the creative industries broadly defined as sources of innovation to feed economic growth and employment creation at both national and local levels … [enabling] the arts [to] be seen as part of a wider and more dynamic sphere of economic activity, with links through to the information and knowledge economies, fostering creativity, embracing new technologies and feeding innovation (David Throsby, 2008).