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                                   2010




in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania
CONTENT
page 2




         Introduction to the Creative Industries in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania 2010     3

         Mapping creative industries in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania                      4

         Creative Industries Policy in Estonia                                             8

         Creative Industries Policy in Latvia                                             10

         Creative Industries Policy in Lithuania                                          13

         Creative Industries and the Estonian Office of the Nordic Council of Ministers   15

         Best practices: Estonia                                                          16

         Best practices: Latvia                                                           20

         Best practices: Lithuania                                                        22

         Developing a Creative Economy in the Baltic Region: Challenges & Opportunities   26

         Contacts                                                                         34
INTrOduCTION TO ThE CrEaTIvE INdusTrIEs
IN EsTONIa, LaTvIa aNd LIThuaNIa 2010
          LAINE JÄNES                          INtS DāLDErIS                      ArŪNAS GELŪNAS
          estonian Minister for Culture        Latvian Minister for Culture       Lithuanian Minister for Culture




Europe is at a crossroad – how can we       the three countries was already initi-     approach to developing creative indus-
turn the current crisis into new op-        ated back in 2006. Since then experts      tries, and present an overview of the
portunities and make the economy            and officials have been sharing best       latest developments in the sector. The
competitive and sustainable in the          practices in the creative industries and   focus for this first overview is on crea-
long term. Creative industries have the     formulating common positions within        tive incubators as an effective measure
potential to do all this and much more.     the European Union. The three Baltic       for promoting and supporting en-
Creative industries bring not only          countries have also been vocal advo-       trepreneurship within cultural and
growth and jobs, but also foster in-        cates of including culture and creativ-    creative industries. We also explore the
novation and shape attractive environ-      ity in the Europe 2020 strategy and its    ways forward to enhance cooperation
ments for people to live in and visit.      flagship initiatives.                      between the three countries, especially
                                                                                       in light of the coming EU financing
Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania have          The collection of articles titled “Crea-   period. We sincerely hope that our ex-
experience in working together to de-       tive Industries in Estonia, Latvia and     perience in developing creative indus-
velop creative industries. The first net-   Lithuania 2010” is yet another coor-       tries could also prove useful for other
work to combine policymakers from           dinated project to analyse the Baltic      countries.
MappINg CrEaTIvE INdusTrIEs IN
page 4




                                              EsTONIa, LaTvIa aNd LIThuaNIa
                                              SILJA LASSur, KüLLIKI tAfEL-VIIA, ANDrES VIIA




                                              DefiNiNg the                                dom’s approach in terms of the ideas,         ents, which by way of generating and
                                              CreAtive iNDustries                         structure and content of CI develop-          utilizing intellectual property, are able
                                              iN the BALtiC                               ment. The first major steps at state level    to increase welfare and create jobs.
                                              CouNtries                                   started with statistical mapping surveys      Creative industries generate, develop,
                                                                                          of CI in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.       produce, utilize, display, disseminate
                                              Discussions of the creative industries      The study processes included adapting         and preserve products of economic,
                                              (CI) agenda in the Baltic countries         the British definition of CI to the Bal-      cultural and/or recreational value.“ 1
                                              date back to the beginning of 2000.         tic States – “The creative industries are
                                              The British Council has played a re-        those industries which have their origin      These studies at national level pro-
                                              markable role in promoting the crea-        in individual creativity, skill and talent,   vided a good basis for the Ministry of
                                              tive industries concept all over the        and which have the potential for wealth       Culture to apply for financing from
                                              world, and its contribution, through        and job creation through the genera-          the European Structural Funds. This
                                              providing expertise and methodologi-        tion and exploitation of intellectual         rapid adaptation of the new concept
                                              cal assistance in mapping endeavours,       property” (DCMS, 1998). Estonia and           by the public sector and especially the
                                              cannot be underestimated in the Baltic      Latvia have made some minor changes           Ministry of Culture can be explained
                                              countries either. Attention first started   to this definition. In Estonia, a clause      as an “opportunity to gain access to
                                              to be paid to the creative industries       addressing ‘collective creativity’ was        European finances, because it provided
                                              at the national level in all three Baltic   added – “Those industries that have           them with the possibility of additional
                                              countries when the British Council          their origin in individual and collective     funding. And their budgets have al-
                                              (BC) introduced the concept to differ-      creativity, skill and talent and which        ways been the most limited. They were
                                              ent ministries in the Baltics in 2005.      have the potential for wealth and job         simply trying to find additional means
                                              As a result, the Ministries of Culture      creation through the generation and           to support their sector.” (Lassur et al,
1
                                              in all three countries seized the oppor-    exploitation of intellectual property.”       2010)
    The definition of the creative
                                              tunity to adopt the definition and con-     The Latvian Government in its politi-
    industries of Latvia was for the first
    time entered into the Guidelines
                                              tent into their cultural policy agenda.     cal documentation pursues the follow-         Estonia and Lithuania managed to in-
    for the State Cultural Policy of Latvia                                               ing definition: [Creative industries in-      clude the financing of creative indus-
    for 2006 – 2015 (Cabinet Order of         This period (of policy formation) saw       volve] “activities, based on individual       tries into the National strategy for EU
    18.04.2006 No. 264).                      the adaptation of the United King-          and collective creativity, skills and tal-    Structural Funds for 2007–2013. In
page 5
                                      both countries the controlling rights            Baltics (as in other countries). Current           Estonia (2009)            Latvia (2008)            Lithuania (2009)
                                      and obligation to manage the resources           discussion concerns what areas belong
                                      went to the Ministries of Economic Af-           under CI and which policies should be               Arts (visual and                                   Visual arts, applied
                                                                                                                                                                       Visual arts
                                      fairs, since Structural Fund programs            implemented to develop it. Although                  applied arts)                                      arts and heritage
                                      dealt with entrepreneurship and devel-           all three countries base their defini-
                                      opments of the environment – topics              tion of CI on the British definition, in            Performing arts          Performing arts             Performing arts
                                                                                                                                           (theatre, dance,         (theatre, dance,            (theatre, dance,
                                      that traditionally do not belong under           later studies somewhat different sectors               festivals)               festivals)                  festivals)
                                      the Ministries of Culture. Estonia pri-          have been included when composing
                                      marily applied for support from the              the research methodology (Table 1).               Music (interpreting,     Music (interpreting,        Music (interpreting,
                                      Structural Funds (Riiklik ... 2007) to           Thus, for example, the mapping of the                 composing,               composing,                  composing,
                                                                                                                                        producing, publishing,   producing, publishing,      producing, publishing,
                                      create infrastructures to support the            IT sector in Estonia has been relatively          musical instruments,     musical instruments,        musical instruments,
                                      development of CI, valuing creativity            narrow, covering only entertainment                  festivals, etc)          festivals, etc)             festivals, etc)
                                      and raising awareness of entrepreneur-           IT. However, in Latvia and Lithuania,
                                      ship and creative industries (Lassur et          vastly broader scopes have been cov-                 Architecture              Architecture               Architecture
                                      al, 2010). In Lithuania, financing for           ered when it comes to the IT sector.
                                      the Lithuanian art incubator network             Research by Lithuanians even includes              Design (product                                      Designer fashion,
  thE most important                                                                                                                      design, fashion,               Design
                                      was intended as part of the imple-               the heritage sector, which has not been            graphic design)                                       Graphic design
  statisticaL studiEs of
  mapping ci:                         mentation of “the Action Programme               mapped in Estonia or Latvia. The lat-
                                      for Economic Growth” (Creative ...,              est Lithuanian research of mapping                  Film and video            Film and video             Film and video
  LAtviA                              2010).                                           emanated from cultural and creative
                                                                                       industries. This is a broader notion
  •	     the economic                                                                                                                    Broadcasting (radio      Television, radio and      Television, radio and
         Contributions of             the stAtistiCAL                                  that includes CI and tourism, sport,                and television)         interactive media          interactive media
         Copyright-based              MAppiNg of Ci iN                                 museums, archives, heritage protection
         industries in Latvia, 2005   estoNiA, LAtviA AND                              and other cultural activities. Yet, when           Entertainment IT       Computer games and          Computer games and
  •	     Creative industries          LithuANiA                                        accounting for CI contributions, fields          (online and computer      interactive software        interactive software
         research. Actualization of                                                                                                     games, entertainment           publishing                  publishing
         statistics, 2008
                                                                                       related to sports were excluded (Lietu-              internet sites)
                                      The previously mentioned initial sta-            vos ..., 2009).
  LithuANiA                           tistical surveys began in 2005, albeit                                                             Publishing (books,        Publishing (books,         Publishing (books,
                                                                                                                                            periodicals,
                                      slightly differently in each country. Es-        As these sectors in the three Baltic                newspapers,                periodicals,               magazines,
  •	     Creative industries                                                           countries have been researched and                 catalogues, etc)          newspapers, etc)           newspapers, etc)
                                      tonia attempted to map all the sectors
         mapping document
         in Alytus and utena          mentioned in the British definition. A           mapped differently, then the real ben-
         counties, 2005               study mapping the economic contribu-             efits, value added and other economic            Heritage (museums,                                     Heritage (museums,
                                                                                                                                         libraries, archives,       Cultural heritage
  •	     Lithuanian Creative and      tion of copyright-based industries was           as well as statistical indicators are not            handicrafts)                                     libraries and archives)
         Cultural industries, 2009    conducted in Latvia in 2005. Mapping             directly comparable. All the research
  estoNiA                             the creative industries in Lithuania             tried to assess both CI’s contribution                                                                  Advertising and
                                                                                                                                            Advertising                                       public relations and
                                      covered two counties - Utena and Aly-            to employment, and its economic role              (advertising, media           Advertising              communication
  •	     Mapping and Analysis         tus. The results of these studies were           in producing value added and revenues                 agencies)                                             activities
         of estonian Creative         not comparable as the methodology                (Table 2). Calculations about the share
         industries, 2005                                                              of GDP or share of employment that
                                      was different in all three countries.                                                                                       Cultural educational
  •	     survey and Mapping of                                                                                                                                         activities            Educational activities
         the Creative industries in                                                    CI represents are made very carefully
         estonia, 2009                The definition and discussion of Crea-           due to possible biases and uncertainties
                                      tive Industries is fairly similar in the         about the sub industries included.                                              Recreation,              Botanical and
                                                                                                                                                                   entertainment and          zoological gardens
                                                                                                                                                                 other cultural activities

                                                       Table 1. Subsectors of creative industries covered by statistical research
                                                                                                                                                                                              Travel agencies and
                                         Source: Survey and Mapping of the Creative Industries in Estonia, 2009; Creative industries                                                             tour operators
                                       research. Actualization of statistics, 2008; Lithuanian Creative and Cultural industries, 2009
page 6
         proBLeMs thAt                                tistics, and the data on CI was calculat-    Similar problems with mapping and                      and this is also characteristic of
         oCCurreD wheN                                ed according to a definition based on        statistics can be identified for all coun-             CI in the current context of glo-
         MAppiNg Ci                                   the NACE classification. The Latvian         tries:                                                 balization and economic integra-
                                                      Statistical Office only collects data ac-                                                           tion. According to NACE even
         Countries have used somewhat dif-            cording to NACE 4-digit codes; there-        •	   Only fragmentary data is cur-                     the handicraft industry is not dis-
         ferent databases and data collection         fore, many CI businesses are classified           rently available – the databases                  tinguishable.
         methods. Estonian statistical research       within the group “other activities”               provide insufficient data and in
         is based on Statistics Estonia’s entrepre-   and are not included in the research              some sub sectors there is no sta-           Therefore, researchers in all three coun-
         neurship and cultural statistics data.       (Mikelsone, 2008).                                tistical data at the national level         tries have claimed that it is important
         In addition, data has been gathered                                                            whatsoever;                                 to improve the statistics for culture and
         from the Central Commercial Regis-           Lastly, CI research conducted in                                                              creative industries. Additionally, it is
         ter, which also includes information         Lithuania also relies on data collected      •	   A wide range of types of busi-              essential to come up with specific data
         about the self-employed and all micro        by the bureau of statistics and the               ness ownership exists in CI sec-            collection methods in order to obtain
         businesses. Information about the self-      NACE classification. Gathering in-                tors – NGOs, limited compa-                 adequate data about these industries
         employed with a yearly turnover of less      formation about design businesses is              nies, limited-liability companies,          and compare them with other eco-
         than 250 000 EEK was obtained from           a more specific problem in Lithuania              self-employed, government and               nomic spheres in each country.
         the registry of the Estonian Tax and         for example, as there are no enterprises          local-government organizations,
         Customs Board. However, the prob-            in Lithuania that could be classified             foundations – the databases with            froM stAtistiCAL
         lem with these databases is that indus-      as “design enterprises”, and there is             private, public and non-govern-             CoMpArisoN to
         tries are not defined precisely enough,      no statistical data according to which            ment sector data are not compa-             exChANges of
         and there may not be sufficient data.        one could determine the share of such             rable with each other. They can             experieNCe
         For example, statistics about Estonian       enterprises in CI. That is why the iden-          also include contradictory data
         music and visual and applied arts are        tification of the design sector is associ-        about sub sectors.                          It is not enough to develop effective
         nonexistent (Eesti ..., 2009).               ated with the design functions embed-                                                         and sector specific political methods
                                                      ded within traditional manufacturing,        •	   National statistical registries (e.g.       using data from statistical mapping
         Latvian research mostly concentrates         advertising, architecture and other CI            NACE) do not include many new               alone. More sub sector specific and
         on data gathered by the bureau of sta-       sectors (Lietuvos ..., 2009).                     professions or fields of operation,         qualitative research is needed to map


                                                              Estonia (2007 data)                           Latvia (2006 data)                        Lithuania (2006*, 2007 data)


             Number of people working in CI
                                                                   28 000 (4.3%)                                  63 511 (5.8%)                                  61 297 (4.02%)
                 (% of all employed)


                Number of businesses in CI
                                                                Over 5 000 (9.4%)                                 9 327 (8.9%)                                     6 149 (8%)
                  (% of all businesses)


                     Total income of CI                         EUR 1 146 000 000                            EUR 1 014 000 000                                EUR 1 256 000 000


                   CI as a share of GDP                                 2.9%                                           n/a                                            5.2%*


             Concentration in the capital city                47.1% of CI enterprises                       54.8% of CI enterprises                       70% of value created by CI



                                                                                                                                              Table 2. Economic and statistical indicators of CI
                                                                                                      Source: Survey and Mapping of the Creative Industries in Estonia, 2009; Creative industries
                                                                                                    research. Actualization of statistics, 2008; Lithuanian Creative and Cultural industries, 2009
page 7
                                                the needs of creative industries and        cooperation between different sectors     good tool for bringing creative indus-       opportunities to support and develop
                                                the problems hindering their devel-         works and what problems domestic          tries onto the political agenda, mean-       CI in order to create a political frame-
                                                opment. Region specific studies and         enterprises experience. This has been     ing that it is (economically) important      work for CI.
                                                analyses of cities and districts are also   examined for example by Lithuania in      in domestic and international compar-
                                                important. A range of qualitative stud-     the Užupis district in Vilnius and in     isons. However, mapping alone is not         Comparing CI in the three Baltic
                                                ies has been conducted in all three         Klaipeda, and by Estonia and Latvia       enough to bring about the required           countries, the purposes of its various
                                                countries. Due to the strong influence      in their capitals and other regions. In   supporting structures and methods for        sub sectors and its potential for sup-
                                                of region-specific characteristics, such    addition, sector specific studies have    developing creative industries. As al-       port facilitates additional opportuni-
                                                research is mostly initiated at the city    been conducted in all three countries;    ready mentioned, all three Baltic coun-      ties to interpret statistical indicators.
                                                level. In each region or city (or dis-      for example, the state of design and      tries (including several individual cities   At the same time it makes it possible
                                                trict within larger cities), a specific     its need for improvement have been        and regions) have carried out several        for the Baltic States to learn from each
                                                CI structure has been built up to deal      mapped in all three countries.2 Thus,     studies for the purpose of highlighting      other and exchange best practices (and
                                                with sub sectors that dominate, how         in most cases statistical mapping is a    potential development claims as well as      why not worst ones too).



                                                                                            LiterAture useD
                                                                                            •	   Picard, Robert G. and Toivonen, Timo E. (2005) „The Economic Contributions of Copyright-based Industries in
                                                                                                 Latvia.“ Riga: Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Latvia.

                                                                                            •	   Mikelsone, A., Gubins, S., Vanags, A. (2008) “Creative industries research. Actualization of statistics.”, Riga: BICEPS,
                                                                                                 KM, VKKF.

                                                                                            •	   „Lietuvos kūrybinės ir kultūrinės industrijos“ (Lithuanian Creative and Cultural industries) (2009) Integruotos meno,
                                                                                                 mokslo, studiju ir verslo nacionalines kopleksines programos.

                                                                                            •	   Mažeikis, G., Černevičiute, J., Ščiglinskiene, A., Tatarune, I. (2005) “Creative industries mapping document in Alytus
                                                                                                 and Utena counties. The summary of the study.” The European Cultural Programme Centre. Vilnius.

                                                                                            •	   “Creative Metropoles: Situation analysis of 11 cities.” Project materials. (2010) The project CREATIVE METROPOLES
                                                                                                 is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund and the Norwegian funding through the INTERREG
                                                                                                 IVC programme.

                                                                                            •	   „Eesti loomemajanduse olukorra uuring ja kaardistus.“ (Survey and Mapping of the Creative Industries in Estonia)
                                                                                                 (2009) Eesti Konjunktuuriinstituut.
2
    Mollerup, P. (2002) Establishing the                                                    •	   „Eesti loomemajanduse kaardistus ja analüüs“ (Mapping and Analysis of Estonian Creative Industries) (2005) Eesti
    basis for the elaboration and application                                                    Konjunktuuriinstituut.
    of the Estonian design policy measures.
    The Estonian Ministry of Economy,
                                                                                            •	   Lassur, S., Tafel-Viia, K., Summatavet, K., Terk, E. (2010) “Intertwining of drivers in formation of new policy focus:
    Tallinn; Mollerup, P. (2004) Design
    for Latvia. Final Report. Copenhagen;
                                                                                                 case of creative industries in Tallinn” – Nordic Journal of Cultural Policy 2010 (in press).
    Mollerup, P. (2008) Design Opportunities
    in Lithuania. The Vilnius Academy of the                                                •	   Riiklik struktuurivahendite kasutamise strateegia 2007 - 2013 (2007). Eesti Vabariik. URL http://www.struktuuri-
    Arts, Vilnius.                                                                               fondid.ee/?id=6473
CrEaTIvE INdusTrIEs
page 8
                                                                                                                                   educating creative professionals and
                                                                                                                                   mediators and supporting the core arts
                                                                                                                                   fields and cultural industries.


                                           pOLICy IN EsTONIa
                                           rAGNAr SIIL / head of Development Department, estonian Ministry of Culture
                                                                                                                                   eNterprise estoNiA
                                                                                                                                   AND CreAtive
                                                                                                                                   iNDustries support
                                                                                                                                   MeAsures
                                                                                                                                   Enterprise Estonia is the primary con-
                                                                                                                                   tributor of support and development
                                                                                                                                   programs targeted towards entrepre-
                                           iNtroDuCtioN                                 ority areas within that strategic goal     neurs including creative businesses
                                                                                        alongside supporting internationalisa-     and in 2008 the Creative Industries
                                           Creative Industries have been widely         tion, innovation, access to capital, the   support program was started. The
                                           discussed all over the world in the last     creation of new businesses, knowledge      different measures for the support of
                                           decade, and from the beginning of this       and technology transfer and the devel-     creative industries fall under two main
                                           century, Estonia has also been actively      opment of tourism3.                        categories. The first set of measures is
                                           involved in those developments. As in                                                   not specific to the creative industries
                                           many other countries, Estonia carried        CI measures and policies are coordi-       and is open to general applications. In
                                           out a mapping exercise in 2005, and          nated in close cooperation between the     recent years these programs have been
                                           along with an overview of the creative       Ministry of Culture and the Ministry       analysed, and through awareness rais-
                                           industries, the first set of policy recom-   of Economic Affairs and Communica-         ing and competence building, these
                                           mendations were submitted. Along             tions. Programs are implemented by         funds have been used to successfully
                                           with continuing awareness raising            Enterprise Estonia, which is one of the    finance creative businesses and net-
                                           activities, the stage was set for more       largest institutions within the national   works. These programs include cluster
                                           concrete actions to design new sup-          system for entrepreneurship support,       support programs (e.g. film industry
                                           port measures for creative industries in     providing financial assistance, advice,    cluster development), export support
                                           Estonia.                                     cooperation opportunities and train-       and joint marketing programs (e.g.
                                                                                        ing for entrepreneurs, research estab-     “Tallinn Music Week” – an event to
                                           CreAtive iNDustries                          lishments, and the public and third        show-case Estonian music, “Black
                                           AND europeAN                                 sector4.                                   Market” – a film co-production), skills
                                           uNioN struCturAL                                                                        and knowledge development programs
3
                                           fuNDs                                        The main focus areas supporting crea-      (e.g. design management training
    http://www.struktuurifondid.ee/key-
                                                                                        tive industries in Estonia for 2007–       courses) and awareness raising and en-
    goals-4
                                           Based on policy recommendations,             2013 include the growth and sustain-       trepreneurship promotion programs
4
    http://www.eas.ee/index.php/about-     creative industries were included in         ability of enterprises within creative     (e.g. the Creative Estonia initiative, see
    enterprise-estonia/overview            the National Strategy for European           sectors and enhancing creativity in the    below), support for innovation, prod-
                                           Structural Funds for 2007–2013. The          business community through synergies       uct development and training
5
    http://www.eas.ee/index.php/for-the-   Operational Program for the Develop-         between creative people and compa-
    entrepreneur/development-of-the-       ment of the Economic Environment             nies and the rest of the economy5. The     In addition to these general support
    company/development-of-creative-
                                           supports entrepreneurship through            role of cultural and educational insti-    measures, a sector-specific program
    industry
                                           raising the innovation and growth            tutions is to focus on the early stages    was created to finance the development
6
    See more: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/   capacities of enterprises. Supporting        of the creative industries value chain6    of different support structures, includ-
    images/0015/001598/159804e.pdf         creative industries is one of seven pri-     (including the creation phase) through     ing creative incubators, hubs and cen-
page 9




                                         tres. The program aims to strengthen       dustries Development Centre within         companies, online advice, networking         buildings budget for the acquisition
                                         systems through which many creative        the Tallinn Cultural Cauldron11, the       support and in the future also pro-          of art and design objects to enrich the
                                         businesses can grow in the coming          Creative Incubator in Viljandi and the     motional and marketing capabilities          public space. Currently, this proposal
                                         years. The overall budget for those        Estonian Film Digitalization (post-        for creative companies. In addition to       is being deliberated in Parliament.
                                         structures is 6.3 million euros. In        production) Centre.                        the portal, Creative Estonia publishes
                                         the first round (see below), financing                                                best practices, reports from studies and     iNterNAtioNAL
                                         was available for both operating costs     The creative incubators in Tallinn and     mapping projects, organises confer-          CooperAtioN
                                         and investments in infrastructure and      Tartu have been working since Sep-         ences and seminars in different parts
                                         technology. According to preliminary       tember 2009. In Tartu there are cur-       of Estonia, offers media support for         Estonia actively pursues international
                                         plans only operating costs and project     rently 9 start-up creative companies       creative industries initiatives and raises   contacts in creative industries. Cross-
                                         support will be granted in the second      and 20 others in the pre-incubation        awareness through different means.           border cooperation allows us to share
                                         round.                                     phase. The Tallinn creative incubator                                                   best practices with other countries, and
                                                                                    has 26 start-up companies and another      other sourCes of                             learn from their experiences in devel-
                                         The strategic goals of supporting the      37 have passed through the second          support                                      oping methodologies and programs
                                         Creative Industries include, first of      pre-incubation training. Both of these                                                  for the creative sector. As Estonia has a
                                         all, more sustainable and fast growing     examples provide strong evidence that      This overview focuses on creative en-        very limited market and a small popu-
                                         start-ups. Co-operation with CI sector     there is strong interest in the creative   trepreneurship support measures. It is       lation, it is vital for Estonian compa-
                                         will also contibute to increasing export   sector for specialized incubation serv-    still important to mention that there        nies to cooperate with neighbouring
                                         and internationalization of Estonian       ices, and in times of economic crisis      are a number of other policy measures        countries and form working clusters.
                                         companies. Additionally, higher R&D        creative entrepreneurship is gaining       that contribute to the development of
                                         capability of Estonian companies in        more and more popularity.                  cultural and creative industries. Estonia    Estonia already founded a network
                                         CI sector is expected, thus, resulting                                                invests large sums from EU structural        for creative industries policy makers
                                         in more revenues from creative clusters    CreAtive estoNiA                           funds in the cultural infrastructure to      in 2006 in cooperation with Latvia,
                                         and balanced regional development.                                                    strengthen regional competitiveness          Lithuania and Finland. Since 2008,
                                                                                    In 2009, Enterprise Estonia launched       and enhance tourism. There is also a         Estonia has been taking part in the
                                         fuNDeD projeCts iN                         an integrated program for raising          number of programs for developing            European Union’s cultural and creative
                                         2010                                       awareness called Creative Estonia.         human resources (e.g. training unem-         industries working group13. Estonia
                                                                                    The program brings together different      ployed in product development and            has also worked with the European
7
     http://www.esa.ee                   The first round of applications for the    activities to promote creative entre-      entrepreneurship in handicrafts) and         Commission, Finland, Sweden, Nor-
                                         Creative Industries Support Structures     preneurship and creativity in society.     the digital society (e.g. approximately      way, Iceland, Denmark, Germany, Po-
8
     http://www.lmk.ee                   Development Program took place in          Creative Estonia aims to bring togeth-     2 million euros for digitalizing cultural    land, Lithuania, Latvia and Russia to
9                                        December 2009, and at the beginning        er different stakeholders and facilitate   heritage and granting public access to       set up the Northern Dimension Part-
     http://www.disainikeskus.ee
                                         of January 2010 seven creative centres     contact between creative professionals     the digital content). The Estonian Min-      nership on Culture (NDPC).
10
     http://www.arhitektuurikeskus.ee    and incubators were funded total-          and businesses, policymakers, students     istry of Culture and Estonian Cultural
                                         ling 4.9 million euros of support. The     and businesses from other sectors.         Endowment also support the cultural          The overall objective of the NDPC is
11
     http://www.kultuurikatel.eu         projects funded included the Tallinn       Creative Estonia’s activities involve      and creative industries and preserve         to serve as a focal point for networks,
12                                       Creative Incubator7, the Tartu Centre      developing a creative industries web       unique cultural expressions through          projects and other cultural activities
     http://www.looveesti.ee
                                         for Creative Industries8, the Estonian     portal12, a comprehensive collection       several regional programs. In 2010, the      in the Northern Dimension area and
13
     http://ec.europa.eu/culture/our-    Design Centre9, the Estonian Centre        of relevant information on creative        Estonian government approved a pro-          promote interaction between cultural
     policy-development/doc1571_en.htm   of Architecture10, the Creative In-        industries, web resources for start-up     posed law allowing 1% of the public          actors and the business community.
CrEaTIvE INdusTrIEs pOLICy IN LaTvIa
page 10




                                           uNA SEDLENIEcE / senior Desk officer, Division for strategy and regional Cultural policy, Latvian Ministry of Culture




                                           iNitiAL efforts AND                                                                 society and the state. Obviously, cul-           tional identity, language, unique
                                           poLiCy DoCuMeNts                                                                    tural and creative industries seem to be         export offerings and also the
                                                                                                                               one of the keys to implementing a new            potential for marketing Latvia
                                           Following two creative industries stud-                                             paradigm in cultural policy.                     abroad;
                                           ies1 conducted by international experts,
                                           creative industries issues began to enter                                           Latvia, as with other European coun-        •	   as the Ministry of Culture of the
                                           policy-planning agendas more inten-                                                 tries, looked at the British experience          Republic of Latvia is responsible
                                           sively in Latvia around 2005. At that                                               in undertaking the initial steps in crea-        for the cultural and creative in-
                                           time, the Latvian Ministry of Culture                                               tive industries awareness. The crucial           dustries education sector, creative
                                           inaugurated work on a new long-term                                                 role of the British Council, Danish              industries were also linked to the
1
    Mollerup, Per. Design for Latvia.      cultural policy document, involving                                                 Cultural Institute, Nordic Council of            issue of conditions for creative
    Final Report. Copenhagen: Mollerup     both local and a wide range of inter-                                               Ministers, Goethe-Institute, French              people (artist’s social security,
    Designlab A/S, 2004                    national experts, as well as national,                                              Embassy and other international part-            mobility of cultural profession-
    [http://www.designlatvia.lv/           municipal, government and private                                                   ners should be pointed out here in               als, strengthening the strategic
    uploaded_files/Mollerup_eng.pdf];      organizations.                                                                      sharing knowledge and raising local              connection between cultural and
    Picard, Robert G./ Toivonen, Timo                                                                                          competence in creative industries is-            education sectors etc.);
    E.: The Economic Contributions of
                                           Aware of the rich cultural assets avail-                                            sues in Latvia in recent years.
    Copyright-based Industries in Latvia
                                           able in Latvia, the Long-Term Cultural                                                                                          •	   considering creative industries
    2000. Riga: Ministry of Culture of
    the Republic of Latvia, 2005.          Policy Guidelines 2006–2015 “Na-                                                    The Ministry of Culture was actively             in close relation to establishing
    [http://www.km.gov.lv/lv/doc/          tional State”2 strived to answer not                                                engaged in creative industries ad-               markets and the consumption of
    starpnozares/radosa/Latvian_           only questions about the “decorative”                                               vocacy, but not just because of the              cultural goods and services;
    Copyright_latviski.doc].               role of the cultural sector or to reflect                                           promising international opportuni-
                                           how culture enriches our lives, but also                                            ties. Furthermore, the main reasons for     •	   understanding the interdepend-
2
    Ilgtermiņa politikas pamatnostādnes    endeavoured to highlight the cultural                                               introducing creative industries policy           ence of creative industries de-
    Valsts kultūrpolitikas vadlīnijas      sector within a multidisciplinary ap-                                               topics right from the start involved a           velopment and further improve-
    2006.-2015. gadam „Nacionāla
                                           proach; in other words, how culture                                                 logical extension of general cultural            ments to cultural administration
    valsts”, 18.04.2006. MK rīk.
    Nr.264. prot. Nr.21 40.§.
                                           as one of the branches of the national                                              policy matters:                                  (performance based strategic
    [http://www.km.gov.lv/lv/doc/          economy contributes to the well-being                                                                                                management, training of admin-
    dokumenti/kulturpolitikas_             of people as well as to the development                                             •	   creative industries development             istrators, establishing sound and
    vadlinijas.doc].                       and competitiveness of individuals,                                                      was also linked to issues of na-            sustainable research systems etc.).
page 11



                                                Accordingly, one of the strategic aims      series of conferences was convened by       •	   quality of and access to creative
                                                of the Long-Term Cultural Policy            the Ministry of Culture in cooperation           industries education and infor-
                                                Guidelines 2006–2015 was directly           with different partners in order to clar-        mation, raising awareness of crea-
                                                related to the creative industries: “To     ify and intensify these issues for a wid-        tive industries;
                                                improve the cooperation between the         er audience; for example, the interna-
                                                sectors of culture and economy to pro-      tional conference “Creative mind – the      •	   business-related development (es-
                                                mote the diversity of Latvian culture       best asset” (7 November, 2007),7 the             pecially within the two priority
                                                and the sustainable development of          international conference “Design for             sectors – design and audiovisual
                                                the creative economy.” (Strategic Aim       the future” (5 October, 2007) among              media and multimedia, which
                                                6.2) Moreover, one emphasis within          others.8 Support for political planning          have the largest export potential);
                                                the cultural policy revealed connec-        for the creative industries appeared as
                                                tions between creativity and economy:       a range of creative industries related      •	   the exploitation of new technolo-
                                                “Creativity nurtured by culture and the     studies were also conducted till 2008;           gies;
                                                arts in conjunction with knowledge is       for example, the mapping of the crea-
3
     LR Reģionālās attīstības un                now the main resource for economic          tive industries carried out by the Baltic   •	   strengthening the research and
     pašvaldību lietu ministrija. Latvijas      growth. Creative industries as a new        International Centre for Economic                development of the regulatory
     Nacionālais attīstības plāns 2007-         sector of the economy ensure utilising      Policy Studies, Creative Industries in           framework.
     2013. Rīga 2006.                           this resource in the creation of goods      Latvia in 20079 and the Creative In-
     [http://www.nap.lv].                       and services with high added value.”        dustry Research: Update of Statistics       The Ministry of Culture considers
4                                               (Emphasis Nr. 3)                            in 2008.10 Special consulting bodies        the priority areas identified in 2008
     http://www.em.gov.lv/em/images/modules/
     items/item_file_11631_2.pdf                                                            with the involvement of CI profession-      as fully acceptable for the foreseeable
                                                After introducing creative industries       als and NGO’s were also established         future; they are also consistent with CI
5
     http://www.esfondi.lv/page.php?id=659      issues in the national cultural policy      at the Ministry of Culture; for exam-       activities within the framework of the
                                                guidelines, the Ministry of Culture         ple, the Design Council (2006, since        European Commission, the Northern
6
     See under: http://www.mk.gov.lv/en/mk/     encouraged the inclusion of creative        2008 relocated under the authority of       Dimension Partnership on Culture
     vesture
                                                industries matters in all key policy        the Ministry of Economics), the work-       and other initiatives at the interna-
7
     „Radošs prāts – vislielākais aktīvs”       planning documents in Latvia, such          ing group on the CI policy document         tional level. Furthermore, there were a
     http://www.km.gov.lv/lv/doc/masas/prats/   as the National Development Plan            (2007–2008) etc.                            number of tasks designated to state in-
     programma.doc                              2007–20133, the National Lisbon Pro-                                                    stitutions such as the Ministry of Cul-
8
                                                gramme 2005–20084 and the National          support MeAsures                            ture, Ministry of Economics, Ministry
     „No Lielvārdes jostas līdz mūsdienu        Strategic Reference Framework docu-                                                     of Education and Science and others
     dizainam” http://www.km.gov.lv/lv/masas/   ment 2007–20135. Creative industries        On 12 August 2008, the Cabinet of           in the protocol attached to the 2008
     lielvardes_josta.html
                                                were also reflected at the highest po-      Ministers approved the Report on            report. Today, we can already point out
9
     Miķelsone, A./ Gubins, S./ Vanags, A.      litical level within declarations on the    creative industries and their policies      several positive effects of this policy; for
     Radošās industrijas Latvijā. Rīga:         planned activities of the Cabinet of        in Latvia11 submitted by the minister       example, the support for the creative
     BICEPS/ KM/ VKKF. 2007                     Ministers headed by Aigars Kalvītis         of culture, Helēna Demakova. The fol-       industries businesses incubator in Riga
                                                (7 November 2006 – 20 December              lowing four major support areas were        (about EUR 2.3 million) from 2009 to
10
     Miķelsone, A.Radošo industriju izpēte:     2007), Ivars Godmanis (20 December          identified in the report in order to im-    2014, as well as the notable moderni-
     statistikas datu aktualizācijas.           2007 – 12 March 2009) and Valdis            plement specific policies supported by      sation support for all higher education
     Rīga: BICEPS/KM 2008.
                                                Dombrovskis (since 12 March 2009).6         government and EU Structural Funds          establishments in the arts and culture
11
     http://www.mk.gov.lv/doc/2005/                                                         with the aim of creating favourable         allocated in 2010 (about EUR 5 mil-
     KMzin_040808_radind.doc#_                  Once creative industries matters were       conditions for the development of           lion) and many other activities, mostly
     Toc200511672                               included in all major political papers, a   creative industries in Latvia:              supported from various EU Structural
page 12
                                                   Fund programmes. These priorities are        programs in the creative industries17       integral aspects of the economy. Simi-
                                                   also supported by the Culture Capital        have been instigated. NGOs play a           larly, the development of statistical
                                                   Foundation of Latvia, where a new            significant role in creative industries     methods as well as research and com-
                                                   branch for design and architecture has       processes. Likewise, for example, the       parative studies in this field should not
                                                   been established since May 2010.12           Design Information Centre is actively       be stopped. Even though the scope of
                                                                                                working with the theory and practice        financial and other support tools for
12                                                 The Investment and Development               of the creative industries.18 For exam-     creative industries has increased in the
     http://www.vkkf.lv
                                                   Agency of Latvia is an important             ple, Culturelab regularly observes crea-    last five years, there is still a need for
13
     http://www.liaa.gov.lv                        player within the creative industries        tive economic and creative industry         significant improvements in produc-
                                                   institutional support and developmen-        developments in a dedicated section of      tive inter-sector (mostly cultural and
14
     For instance, the Culture and Creative        tal framework.13 The agency already          the cultural policies monitoring site.19    economic) dialogue, as well as in the
     Industries Education Centre was closed        started significant state initiatives to     Creative industries enterprises, such as    development of support tools to satisfy
     down starting from 2010, see under:           support the creative industries (most-       “Magnus” in Cēsis, are also supported       the needs and coordination of the crea-
     http://kriic.lv
                                                   ly industrial and product design) in         in traditional business incubators in       tive industries.
15
     Some examples: http://www.spikeri.lv or       2006. In addition, the internet portal       regional Latvia.20
     http://www.andrejsala.lv/?l=1,                http://www.designlatvia.lv was opened                                                    It is possible that the gradual evolu-
     http://www.kalnciemaiela.lv and http://       in 2008. The agency possesses a wide         Creative industries issues are also be-     tion of the cultural and creative sector
     www.totaldobze.com/ArtCenter                  range of different creative industry         ing dealt with at policy level in cities    over the last ten years is much more
                                                   support instruments; for example,            and towns ever more confidently. For        characteristic of the changes in our
16
     For instance, http://www.duka.riga.           the “Design Bus” or “Design Audit”           instance, Riga City Council and Swed-       economies than the development in
     lv/#/about-the-project or http://www.
                                                   projects, or the notable support for         bank have jointly organised the grant       any other sector in general, and this
     britishcouncil.org/latvia-projects-
                                                   export and product development ac-           program “Atspēriens” since 2009, es-        fact cannot be overlooked in future
     creativity-week-blog2.htm or http://www.
     brigade.lv                                    tivities among creative enterprises and      tablished with a view to promoting          planning, even if it is difficult to make
                                                   professionals within the framework of        entrepreneurial activity and support-       clear forecasts. The long-term strategy
17
     For instance: http://www.sseriga.edu.         traditional business support measures.       ing young entrepreneurs with business       Latvia 203023 recognises culture and
     lv/event/workshop-creative-industries-        The agency also provides consulta-           marketing ideas. Riga also actively par-    creativity as important assets for the
     new-media-and-innovation-management           tions, seminars and training, which          ticipates in the international Project      future development of the country. As
     or http://www.ba.lv/sites/default/            are sometimes specifically designed for      “Creative Metropoles”21, while the city     many of the examples of good practice
     files/programmu_bukleti/m_                    creative industries professionals.           of Rēzekne plans to build up the resto-     in the creative industries are based on
     uznemumu_vadisana_
                                                                                                ration and creative industries services     “pre-crisis” evidence, it would be sensi-
     radosajas_industrijas_2010.pdf
                                                   reCeNt                                       and workshops centre “Carandache” in        ble to seek a comprehensive assessment
18
     http://www.dic.lv                             DeveLopMeNts                                 201122. There are many more similarly       of future development potential since
                                                                                                optimistic examples that could also be      the euphoria of the recent growth pe-
19
     http://culturelablv.wordpress.com/category/   As a result of the economic crisis, some     mentioned.                                  riod in Latvia to facilitate policy plan-
     radosas-industrijas                           support and policy planning activities                                                   ning for the creative industries. Such
20
     http://www.magnus.lv
                                                   have been tightened14 due to a lack of       future DireCtioNs                           an assessment should identify how cur-
                                                   funds or the nature of the activity, but                                                 rent socio-economic challenges could
21
     http://www.creativemetropoles.eu/#/city/      that does not mean that nothing is hap-      The Ministry of Culture believes that       affect human behaviour, including
     riga                                          pening. On the contrary, there is ever       the economic crisis Europe is experi-       consumption, and what this will mean
                                                   increasing interest in and awareness of      encing at the moment should not stop        for the development of the creative in-
22
     http://www.rezekne.lv/index.                  the creative industries in Latvia. Led by    the further development of knowledge        dustries. An increased awareness of our
     php?id=348&no_cache=1&tx_ttnews[tt_
                                                   private initiatives with a little state or   in creative industries at the local, Bal-   own strengths, as well as the potential
     news]=3269&tx_ttnews[backPid]=422&
                                                   municipal support, creative quarters15       tic and EU level, highlighting culture      for regional and international coopera-
     cHash=8230238337
                                                   are being developed, new initiatives16       and creativity, both as a value in itself   tion will help bring future possibilities
23
     http://www.latvija2030.lv/page/1              have been established and new training       and explaining culture and creativity as    into focus.
CrEaTIvE INdusTrIEs
page 13




          pOLICy IN LIThuaNIa
          rASIuS MAKSELIS / head of strategic planning Department,
                               Lithuanian Ministry of Culture




          The concept of creative industries         vertising, dramatic art, and other areas   in a number of EU countries con-
          has been considered in Lithuania           which unite various aspects of cultural    ducted by the Ministry of Culture. To
          since 2003, when the first studies in      and economic activities.                   date, funding for nine arts incubator
          this field were conducted (by Dr M.                                                   projects has been allocated until 2013
          Starkevičiūtė). Maps of the creative in-   support MeAsures                           according to the ‘Assistant 2’ EU struc-
          dustries in Utena and Alytus counties                                                 tural funds measure, which is adminis-
          were compiled in 2004–2005 (head           In 2009, as a result of cooperation        tered by the Ministry of Economy. The
          of the project, Dr G. Mažeikis). The       between the Ministry of Culture and        budget for the programme is approxi-
          Strategy for the Promotion and De-         the Ministry of Economy, the concept       mately 17 million euros.
          velopment of Creative Industries was       of creative industries was included in
          prepared and approved in 2007. It          the Lithuanian Strategy for the use of     The Ministry of Economy has also in-
          provided a definition of creative indus-   EU Structural Funds for 2007–2013          troduced creative industries into the
          tries and identified priority areas for    and in the Operational Programme for       national innovation policy, clustering
          development. Creative industries are       Economic Growth. As the Ministry of        programmes and export measures. At
          defined in these documents as ‘activi-     Culture and the Ministry of Economy        least two creative industries cluster
          ties based on an individual’s creative     were seeking to define specific measures   projects are being prepared at the mo-
          abilities and talent, the objective and    targeted at the promotion of creative      ment. The Ministry of Economy also
          result of which is intellectual property   industries in Lithuania, it was decided    provides support for export projects
          and which can create material well-        that an arts incubator network should      including participation in internation-
          being and work places’. The concept        be established in Lithuania next to the    al fairs. These support mechanisms are
          of creative industries in Lithuania        existing business incubator network,       also funded by EU Structural Funds.
          includes the following: crafts, archi-     and that funding from EU structural
          tecture, design, cinema and video art,     funds should be allocated for the de-      reCeNt
          publishing, visual arts, applied arts,     velopment of this new network. The         DeveLopMeNts
          music, software and computer serv-         usefulness of these measures was con-
          ices, the creation and broadcasting of     firmed via an analysis of the operation    With the development of a network of
          radio and television programmes, ad-       of creative industries arts incubators     creative industries, the National Asso-
page 14
          ciation of Cultural and Creative Indus-     this sector plays an important role in     National Association for Cultural and       the field of creative industries. The na-
          tries, which includes approximately 40      the Lithuanian economy.                    Creative Industries plans to use this       tional strategy for the development of
          members, was established in Lithuania                                                  support for the preparation of further      creative industries has been adopted
          in 2009. An opportunity study regard-       Based on the aforementioned oppor-         complex development projects.               by the Minister of Culture. The Min-
          ing the National Creative and Cultural      tunity study, the Lithuanian National                                                  istry of Culture along with the Inter-
          Industries Programme was prepared           Programme for Cultural and Creative        regioNAL                                    national Cultural Programmes Centre
          on the initiative of the association. The   Industries was prepared and presented      CooperAtioN                                 provides support for mapping creative
          data presented in the study show that       to the Ministry of Education and Sci-                                                  industries, collaborates with the State
          the contribution of creative industries     ence in 2009. There is a plan to use       Creative industries are becoming a ma-      Department of Statistics and organizes
          companies to Lithuanian GDP grew            assistance from EU structural funds        jor area of regional cooperation as well.   conferences and seminars related to the
          from 2 per cent (LTL 2.1 billion) in        to implement this programme and it         When Lithuania held the presidency          creative industries. The ministry has
          2001 to 5.2 per cent (LTL 4 billion)        aims to specifically support synergy via   in the Council of the Baltic Sea States,    financed a Lithuanian adaptation of
          in 2006. According to data provided         a system of arts education, cultural in-   the conference held by the Nordic           the David Parrish book “T-Shirts and
          by the Department of Statistics of the      frastructure and creative business. The    Council Ministers Office in Lithuania,      Suits”, and the creation of the portal
          government of the Republic of Lithua-       budget for the programme is approxi-       the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the     www.kurybinesindustrijos.lt.
          nia, 6 149 companies with a total of        mately 3 million euros.                    Ministry of Culture on 23–24 Febru-
          61 297 employees operated in this sec-                                                 ary 2010 in Vilnius emphasised the          The Ministry of Culture takes active
          tor in 2007. This accounted for 8 per       The very existence of this programme       need to promote the cooperation of          part in the consultations held by the
          cent of the total number of companies       is evidence that the creative sector in    the Baltic Sea countries in the area of     government of the Republic of Lithua-
          operating in Lithuania and 4 per cent       Lithuania is acknowledged as an im-        creative industries.                        nia concerning the long-term strategic
          of the total number of employed peo-        portant area of innovation next to areas                                               plan, Lithuania 2030. Since a crea-
          ple in Lithuania. The growth of com-        such as laser physics or biotechnology.    the NAtioNAL                                tive civil society is one of the priori-
          panies in the creative industries sector                                               poLiCy                                      ties discussed in this strategy, the cul-
          was 8 per cent in 2006–2007, and the        Additional support for education and                                                   tural economy and creative industries
          number of employees in the sector           the development of creative entre-         The Ministry of Culture is officially       are particularly important sectors in
          grew 2.8 per cent, which shows that         preneurs was provided in 2010. The         responsible for the national policy in      achieving this aim.
CrEaTIvE INdusTrIEs aNd ThE EsTONIaN OffICE
page 15




          Of ThE NOrdIC COuNCIL Of MINIsTErs



          Creative industries, which is a con-      stories in the areas of contemporary        In addition, the NCM in cooperation         cess stories and news. In addition, the
          cept that is developing strongly right    jewellery, the music industry, media,       with the Estonian Ministry of Culture       NCM has helped Creative Estonia in-
          across the world, creates employment      advertising, festivals, textiles, market-   and KreaNord – an initiative of the         vite creative industry experts from the
          and a general sense of well being in      ing cities, cuisine and so forth.           NCM that unites all branches of crea-       Nordic countries to marketing semi-
          society through intellectual property.                                                tive industry – organised an interna-       nars.
          For this reason the Nordic Council of     The NCM supported the creation of           tional conference in Tallinn in 2009 ti-
          Ministers (NCM) has made the de-          the Tartu Centre for Creative Industries    tled “Creative Industries in the Nordic     In the future, the NCM Estonian Of-
          velopment and better use of creative      in a strategic capacity for a year and a    and Baltic countries”. As a result of the   fice will continue to present the views
          industries one of its most important      half. The centre was ultimately opened      conference new cooperation networks,        and know-how of Nordic experts, as
          missions, both in Nordic countries as     in spring 2009. It has received support     both at the political and project level,    well as support the creation and con-
          well as Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and    from the Nordic-Baltic Mobility Pro-        cropped up indicating that the creative     tinuation of networks of cooperation.
          north-western Russia.                     gramme for Business and Industry and        industry is a worldwide phenomenon
                                                    has shared its expertise with colleagues    that is most productive when synergies      In organising activities the NCM relies
          The NCM offices in the Baltic States,     from Finland, Norway, Sweden,               are created.                                on:
          along with experts in the creative in-    Lithuania and Latvia. The creation of a
          dustries, developers, institutions and    network of contacts involving Nordic        In 2010, the NCM helped organise a          •	   The Guidelines for Nordic–
          politicians have exchanged ideas and      and Baltic creative businesses and crea-    round table on music exports at Tallinn          Baltic cooperation 2009–2013
          expertise on how best to make use of      tive industry developers is currently       Music Week. Music agents from Fin-
          the unique characteristics of a small     in progress. In addition to funds for       land, Sweden and Iceland spoke about        •	   The European Union Strategy
          cultural sphere in the context of the     enterprise and industry cooperation,        music export strategies and marketing            for the Baltic Sea
          world stage. The NCM Estonian Of-         it is also possible to apply for funding    support systems in their countries.
          fice has devoted itself to the concept    from the public administration mobil-                                                   •	   The Northern Dimension
          of creative industries since the end of   ity programme. The creation of the          The NCM is working in cooperation                Cultural Partnership
          2008. To introduce the concept, the       cooperation network is also supported       with the Estonian Creative Industries
          council held a series of lectures with    by the Nordic Culture Point and the         internet portal Creative Estonia (Loov      •	   The Creative Economy Green
          inspiring examples of Nordic success      Nordic Culture Fund.                        Eesti), which publicises Nordic suc-             Paper for the Nordic Region
BEsT praCTICEs:
page 16




          EsTONIa


          the esA tALLiNN                            port structures. With this assistance
          CreAtive iNCuBAtor                         the ESA Creative Incubator is able to
                                                     fund its activities and develop infra-
          The (ESA) Tallinn Creative Incubator,      structure. Even so, the City of Tallinn
          one of three enterprise incubators run     is the primary source of funds for the
          by the Business Support and Credit         ESA Creative Incubator and is an in-
          Management Foundation (Estonian            terested party, and because of this the
          acronym ESA), was officially opened        support measure is primarily aimed at
          in September 2009, though it had           creative enterprises based in Tallinn.
          already begun to provide support for       The Creative Incubator generates its
          creative enterprises in 2008.              own income from the rent of rooms
                                                     and sales of services and training ses-
          The idea for the Creative Incubator        sions, and businesses are subsidised by
          was born in 2004, when one of Esto-        up to 75%.
          nia’s well known contemporary jewel-
          lers, Kärt Summatavet PhD, became          The mission of the Tallinn Creative
          a client of the incubator. A collabora-    Incubator is to provide a supportive
          tive effort by Kärt Summatavet and         environment for creative enterprises by
          Anu Lõhmus, a member of the board          initially providing them with incuba-
          at ESA, produced the concept for the       tion services. The main emphasis is to
          Creative Incubator, and in September       improve the business expertise of crea-
          2006 it was presented for the first time   tive enterprises and to establish a soft
          to the Tallinn City Enterprise Board.      infrastructure by developing mecha-
          The City of Tallinn gave the green         nisms of inclusion, cooperation and
          light for the Creative Incubator and       participation and to help enterprises
          supported it by covering the expenses      become international. This includes
          of planned preparatory projects. From      making the Creative Incubator an im-
          2010, a support measure was added to       portant influence in the creative indus-
          develop ESA creative industries sup-       tries sector.
page 17




          All enterprises wishing to be includ-       meetings with clients and internal dis-    BuSINESS Support AND crEDIt MANAGEMENt fouNDAtIoN (ESA)
          ed in the incubator must undertake          cussions and the receptionist and post-
          a thorough basic business training          al service, large library and other com-   Veerenni 24C, 10135 Tallinn, Estonia
          course and they are required to com-        munal resources are also invaluable.       Member of the Board: Anu Lõhmus
          pile a business plan. The business plan                                                Ph +372 604 0620 (receptionist)
          is assessed by a group of experts and the   Since the project began there are five     Fax +372 604 0609
          business is given thorough feedback on      Creative Incubator businesses that have    info@esa.ee
          their weaknesses and strengths. The en-     become success stories. Four export
          trepreneur defends their business plan      their products and services on a large
          before an assessment committee.             scale, and three have achieved national    crEAtIVE INcuBAtor
                                                      recognition in the areas of business and
          Businesses in the Creative Incuba-          design. Five top Estonian designers        Veerenni 24C, 10135 Tallinn, Estonia
          tor can compensate for their lack of        have joined the Tallinn Creative Incu-     Manager: Ele-Mall Vainomäe
          resources (both material and nonma-         bator. Their international awards and      Ph +372 604 0621
          terial) with help from the incubator        recognition is an encouragement for        Mob +372 506 7881
          and business consultants to develop         other Creative Incubator clients.          Fax +372 604 0609
          their business – this assistance can                                                   elemall@esa.ee
          range from business know-how to do          The success of and need for the Crea-
          with starting and running a business        tive Incubator is clearly measured by
          to studio-style rental premises that        its popularity. In 2008, 14 creative
          are below market price. Businesses are      enterprises wished to join, in 2009
          included in training sessions, informa-     there were 30 and by the end of spring
          tion and network seminars, workshops        2010 there are already 40 creative en-
          and educational travel and cooperative      terprises.
          marketing events organised by the in-
          cubator. With financial support from        Since the start of the project, Creative
          the incubator, businesses have also had     Incubator partners have included the
          the opportunity to develop their spe-       Estonian Academy of Arts, Mainor
          cialist skills through training courses     Business School Design Institute, the
          and workshops.                              Estonian Association of Designers and
                                                      the Estonian Design Centre. Due to
          The most popular services provided are      its location and common interests, the
          business consultations and training,        Baltika Quarter (Baltika is Estonia’s
          as well as group events ranging from        largest fashion manufacturer) has also
          Creative Mornings to cooperative mar-       become a partner. In cooperation with
          keting schemes. The incubator’s com-        Baltika, cluster events are being organ-
          munal rooms are used to host various        ised to develop, market and sell Esto-
          events, the meeting rooms for holding       nian design and handicraft products.
page 18
                                                                                                                                               tArtu cENtrE
                                                                                                                                               for crEAtIVE INDuStrIES:


                                                                                                                                               Raul Oreškin
                                                                                                                                               Member of the Board
                                                                                                                                               Phone: +372 735 5003
                                                                                                                                               Mobile: +372 5564 7803
                                                                                                                                               E-mail: raul@lmk.ee

                                                                                                                                               Külli Hansen
                                                                                                                                               Development Director
                                                                                                                                               Mobile: +372 510 6865
                                                                                                                                               E-mail: kylli@lmk.ee




          tArtu CeNtre for                            The Centre for Creative Industries is        To become a resident of the centre it       the business plan and overall running
          CreAtive iNDustries                         located at 13–17 Kalevi Street – very        is necessary to undertake a 2-month         of the business. Businesses consider
                                                      close to the city centre in a historically   preliminary incubation period during        the greatest additional asset to be the
          The Tartu Centre for Creative Indus-        important part of town near a variety        which participants learn how to com-        inspiring work environment and the
          tries was founded on 14 May 2009 on         of cultural institutions. The buildings      pile a business plan, become familiar       benefits reaped from the cooperative
          the basis of Tartu City Council deci-       are surrounded by a park area for            with the principles of establishing a       work that takes place between the resi-
          sion No. 514. The centre was officially     which a concert stage and picnic area        business and hear advice from consult-      dent businesses.
          opened on 4 September 2009.                 are planned, as well as a sculpture gar-     ants. After successful defence of the
                                                      den.                                         business plan it is possible to apply for   The Tartu Centre for Creative Indus-
          The Tartu Centre for Creative Indus-                                                     the incubation service.                     tries has become popular to the extent
          tries is an umbrella organisation that      At least once a year the centre organises                                                that new premises are now required.
          coordinates the creative industries in      a creative industries competition for        Creative businesses can obtain support      The renovation of 15 and 17 Kalevi
          Tartu. It shares information about cre-     businesses just starting out and seeking     from the centre in the form of rooms,       Street began in June.
          ative industries and provides education     incubation services.                         know-how and various services. Crea-
          and training in the field, and provides                                                  tive businesses can also use the office     A queue is developing for the new
          legal and business advice to creative       At present there are nine businesses         and studio spaces, fully equipped meet-     rooms because in June the 20 busi-
          businesses, as well as an incubator serv-   operating from the Centre for Crea-          ing rooms, Wi-Fi internet and security      nesses in the preliminary incubation
          ice. The work of the Centre for Crea-       tive Industries, two galleries and a café.   services. Businesses are continually of-    period will complete the program and
          tive Industries is funded by the City of    There are 20 businesses in the prelimi-      fered training and an experienced busi-     in autumn a new competition will be
          Tartu and Enterprise Estonia.               nary-incubation program.                     ness consultant provides advice about       announced.
page 19
          CreAtive estoNiA                                 mation of cooperation networks,         successful creative industry businesses
                                                           and the exchange of expertise and       and projects. To encourage contact
          Creative Estonia is a program launched           information. To present the mod-        between businesses and creative peo-
          by Estonian Enterprise and funded by             el of Estonian creative industries      ple, Creative Estonia organises various
          the European Social Fund, which helps            to Europe and bring the best Eu-        events and seminars, open-coffee style
          promote and develop creative indus-              ropean practises to Estonia.            meetings and short lectures where cre-
          tries and creative businesses in Estonia.                                                ative businesses and potential investors
          The program was established in 2009         To achieve its aim Creative Estonia          are brought together. To promote the
          and its aim is to:                          clarifies the essence and importance of      idea of creative industries, Creative Es-
                                                      creative industries to all interested par-   tonia participates in conferences to do
          •	   Clearly present the content,           ties. Creative Estonia disseminate news      with management, business and inno-
               unique characteristics, economic,      and events in the field via mass, social     vation as well as other areas, and seeks
               social and regional value of crea-     and industry media, and it‘s own in-         solutions to problems in the creative
               tive industries. Create a platform     formation channels.                          industries with input from key figures
               for the discussion of creative in-                                                  from local government level right up to
               dustry problems and solutions at       On the Creative Estonia portal www.          the parliament.
               the highest level.                     looveesti.ee it is possible to find infor-
                                                      mation and support material about            This year the focus is on design man-
          •	   Support beginning and estab-           starting a creative business and guide-      agement, and along with the Estonian
               lished creative businesses with        lines for managing a business. The por-      Association of Designers, Creative
               much needed information and            tal also aims to provide an overview of      Estonia will be organising an interna-
               advice. Develop an attitude that       the creative industry and the events,        tional conference.
               creates a positive image of busi-      studies and opportunities for support
               ness and to increase the business      currently available. Creative businesses     Students are an important target-group
               and export ability of creative         are also invited to free marketing semi-     for Creative Estonia. The essence of
               businesses.                            nars organised by Creative Estonia.          creative business is explained to them
                                                                                                   in an attractive fashion and they are       crEAtIVE EStoNIA:
          •	   Encourage and increase coopera-        This year Creative Estonia will issue        given information about study oppor-
               tion between creative individuals      the publication “Creative Industries in      tunities both at home and abroad.           Eva Leemet
               and the industrial and service         Estonia”, which will present the state of                                                Eva@looveesti.ee
               sectors, so that the latter learn to   the industry in Estonia and the best ex-     Creative Estonia conducts its work          +3725012558
               make use of the abilities, talents     amples to show that Estonia is a coun-       with advice from a think tank that in-      www.looveesti.ee
               and creativity of creative people      try committed to innovation and con-         cludes leaders from creative industries
               with the aim of developing and         tributing added value. The publication       support structures and development          Tiiu Allikmäe
               becoming more competitive.             will present the support structure that      centres from the various creative asso-     Tiiu@looveesti.ee
                                                      has been established for creative indus-     ciations. All work is carried out by Cre-   +3725053085
          •	   Create as many opportunities and       tries and the support measures put in        ative Estonia along with representatives    www.looveesti.ee
               channels as possible for the for-      place by the State, as well as highlight     of the target groups and partners.
Creative Industries in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
Creative Industries in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
Creative Industries in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
Creative Industries in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
Creative Industries in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
Creative Industries in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
Creative Industries in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
Creative Industries in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
Creative Industries in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
Creative Industries in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
Creative Industries in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
Creative Industries in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
Creative Industries in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
Creative Industries in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
Creative Industries in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
Creative Industries in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
Creative Industries in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
Creative Industries in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
Creative Industries in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania

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Creative Industries in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania

  • 1. with the support of pArtNers: 2010 in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania
  • 2. CONTENT page 2 Introduction to the Creative Industries in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania 2010 3 Mapping creative industries in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania 4 Creative Industries Policy in Estonia 8 Creative Industries Policy in Latvia 10 Creative Industries Policy in Lithuania 13 Creative Industries and the Estonian Office of the Nordic Council of Ministers 15 Best practices: Estonia 16 Best practices: Latvia 20 Best practices: Lithuania 22 Developing a Creative Economy in the Baltic Region: Challenges & Opportunities 26 Contacts 34
  • 3. INTrOduCTION TO ThE CrEaTIvE INdusTrIEs IN EsTONIa, LaTvIa aNd LIThuaNIa 2010 LAINE JÄNES INtS DāLDErIS ArŪNAS GELŪNAS estonian Minister for Culture Latvian Minister for Culture Lithuanian Minister for Culture Europe is at a crossroad – how can we the three countries was already initi- approach to developing creative indus- turn the current crisis into new op- ated back in 2006. Since then experts tries, and present an overview of the portunities and make the economy and officials have been sharing best latest developments in the sector. The competitive and sustainable in the practices in the creative industries and focus for this first overview is on crea- long term. Creative industries have the formulating common positions within tive incubators as an effective measure potential to do all this and much more. the European Union. The three Baltic for promoting and supporting en- Creative industries bring not only countries have also been vocal advo- trepreneurship within cultural and growth and jobs, but also foster in- cates of including culture and creativ- creative industries. We also explore the novation and shape attractive environ- ity in the Europe 2020 strategy and its ways forward to enhance cooperation ments for people to live in and visit. flagship initiatives. between the three countries, especially in light of the coming EU financing Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania have The collection of articles titled “Crea- period. We sincerely hope that our ex- experience in working together to de- tive Industries in Estonia, Latvia and perience in developing creative indus- velop creative industries. The first net- Lithuania 2010” is yet another coor- tries could also prove useful for other work to combine policymakers from dinated project to analyse the Baltic countries.
  • 4. MappINg CrEaTIvE INdusTrIEs IN page 4 EsTONIa, LaTvIa aNd LIThuaNIa SILJA LASSur, KüLLIKI tAfEL-VIIA, ANDrES VIIA DefiNiNg the dom’s approach in terms of the ideas, ents, which by way of generating and CreAtive iNDustries structure and content of CI develop- utilizing intellectual property, are able iN the BALtiC ment. The first major steps at state level to increase welfare and create jobs. CouNtries started with statistical mapping surveys Creative industries generate, develop, of CI in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. produce, utilize, display, disseminate Discussions of the creative industries The study processes included adapting and preserve products of economic, (CI) agenda in the Baltic countries the British definition of CI to the Bal- cultural and/or recreational value.“ 1 date back to the beginning of 2000. tic States – “The creative industries are The British Council has played a re- those industries which have their origin These studies at national level pro- markable role in promoting the crea- in individual creativity, skill and talent, vided a good basis for the Ministry of tive industries concept all over the and which have the potential for wealth Culture to apply for financing from world, and its contribution, through and job creation through the genera- the European Structural Funds. This providing expertise and methodologi- tion and exploitation of intellectual rapid adaptation of the new concept cal assistance in mapping endeavours, property” (DCMS, 1998). Estonia and by the public sector and especially the cannot be underestimated in the Baltic Latvia have made some minor changes Ministry of Culture can be explained countries either. Attention first started to this definition. In Estonia, a clause as an “opportunity to gain access to to be paid to the creative industries addressing ‘collective creativity’ was European finances, because it provided at the national level in all three Baltic added – “Those industries that have them with the possibility of additional countries when the British Council their origin in individual and collective funding. And their budgets have al- (BC) introduced the concept to differ- creativity, skill and talent and which ways been the most limited. They were ent ministries in the Baltics in 2005. have the potential for wealth and job simply trying to find additional means As a result, the Ministries of Culture creation through the generation and to support their sector.” (Lassur et al, 1 in all three countries seized the oppor- exploitation of intellectual property.” 2010) The definition of the creative tunity to adopt the definition and con- The Latvian Government in its politi- industries of Latvia was for the first time entered into the Guidelines tent into their cultural policy agenda. cal documentation pursues the follow- Estonia and Lithuania managed to in- for the State Cultural Policy of Latvia ing definition: [Creative industries in- clude the financing of creative indus- for 2006 – 2015 (Cabinet Order of This period (of policy formation) saw volve] “activities, based on individual tries into the National strategy for EU 18.04.2006 No. 264). the adaptation of the United King- and collective creativity, skills and tal- Structural Funds for 2007–2013. In
  • 5. page 5 both countries the controlling rights Baltics (as in other countries). Current Estonia (2009) Latvia (2008) Lithuania (2009) and obligation to manage the resources discussion concerns what areas belong went to the Ministries of Economic Af- under CI and which policies should be Arts (visual and Visual arts, applied Visual arts fairs, since Structural Fund programs implemented to develop it. Although applied arts) arts and heritage dealt with entrepreneurship and devel- all three countries base their defini- opments of the environment – topics tion of CI on the British definition, in Performing arts Performing arts Performing arts (theatre, dance, (theatre, dance, (theatre, dance, that traditionally do not belong under later studies somewhat different sectors festivals) festivals) festivals) the Ministries of Culture. Estonia pri- have been included when composing marily applied for support from the the research methodology (Table 1). Music (interpreting, Music (interpreting, Music (interpreting, Structural Funds (Riiklik ... 2007) to Thus, for example, the mapping of the composing, composing, composing, producing, publishing, producing, publishing, producing, publishing, create infrastructures to support the IT sector in Estonia has been relatively musical instruments, musical instruments, musical instruments, development of CI, valuing creativity narrow, covering only entertainment festivals, etc) festivals, etc) festivals, etc) and raising awareness of entrepreneur- IT. However, in Latvia and Lithuania, ship and creative industries (Lassur et vastly broader scopes have been cov- Architecture Architecture Architecture al, 2010). In Lithuania, financing for ered when it comes to the IT sector. the Lithuanian art incubator network Research by Lithuanians even includes Design (product Designer fashion, thE most important design, fashion, Design was intended as part of the imple- the heritage sector, which has not been graphic design) Graphic design statisticaL studiEs of mapping ci: mentation of “the Action Programme mapped in Estonia or Latvia. The lat- for Economic Growth” (Creative ..., est Lithuanian research of mapping Film and video Film and video Film and video LAtviA 2010). emanated from cultural and creative industries. This is a broader notion • the economic Broadcasting (radio Television, radio and Television, radio and Contributions of the stAtistiCAL that includes CI and tourism, sport, and television) interactive media interactive media Copyright-based MAppiNg of Ci iN museums, archives, heritage protection industries in Latvia, 2005 estoNiA, LAtviA AND and other cultural activities. Yet, when Entertainment IT Computer games and Computer games and • Creative industries LithuANiA accounting for CI contributions, fields (online and computer interactive software interactive software research. Actualization of games, entertainment publishing publishing statistics, 2008 related to sports were excluded (Lietu- internet sites) The previously mentioned initial sta- vos ..., 2009). LithuANiA tistical surveys began in 2005, albeit Publishing (books, Publishing (books, Publishing (books, periodicals, slightly differently in each country. Es- As these sectors in the three Baltic newspapers, periodicals, magazines, • Creative industries countries have been researched and catalogues, etc) newspapers, etc) newspapers, etc) tonia attempted to map all the sectors mapping document in Alytus and utena mentioned in the British definition. A mapped differently, then the real ben- counties, 2005 study mapping the economic contribu- efits, value added and other economic Heritage (museums, Heritage (museums, libraries, archives, Cultural heritage • Lithuanian Creative and tion of copyright-based industries was as well as statistical indicators are not handicrafts) libraries and archives) Cultural industries, 2009 conducted in Latvia in 2005. Mapping directly comparable. All the research estoNiA the creative industries in Lithuania tried to assess both CI’s contribution Advertising and Advertising public relations and covered two counties - Utena and Aly- to employment, and its economic role (advertising, media Advertising communication • Mapping and Analysis tus. The results of these studies were in producing value added and revenues agencies) activities of estonian Creative not comparable as the methodology (Table 2). Calculations about the share industries, 2005 of GDP or share of employment that was different in all three countries. Cultural educational • survey and Mapping of activities Educational activities the Creative industries in CI represents are made very carefully estonia, 2009 The definition and discussion of Crea- due to possible biases and uncertainties tive Industries is fairly similar in the about the sub industries included. Recreation, Botanical and entertainment and zoological gardens other cultural activities Table 1. Subsectors of creative industries covered by statistical research Travel agencies and Source: Survey and Mapping of the Creative Industries in Estonia, 2009; Creative industries tour operators research. Actualization of statistics, 2008; Lithuanian Creative and Cultural industries, 2009
  • 6. page 6 proBLeMs thAt tistics, and the data on CI was calculat- Similar problems with mapping and and this is also characteristic of oCCurreD wheN ed according to a definition based on statistics can be identified for all coun- CI in the current context of glo- MAppiNg Ci the NACE classification. The Latvian tries: balization and economic integra- Statistical Office only collects data ac- tion. According to NACE even Countries have used somewhat dif- cording to NACE 4-digit codes; there- • Only fragmentary data is cur- the handicraft industry is not dis- ferent databases and data collection fore, many CI businesses are classified rently available – the databases tinguishable. methods. Estonian statistical research within the group “other activities” provide insufficient data and in is based on Statistics Estonia’s entrepre- and are not included in the research some sub sectors there is no sta- Therefore, researchers in all three coun- neurship and cultural statistics data. (Mikelsone, 2008). tistical data at the national level tries have claimed that it is important In addition, data has been gathered whatsoever; to improve the statistics for culture and from the Central Commercial Regis- Lastly, CI research conducted in creative industries. Additionally, it is ter, which also includes information Lithuania also relies on data collected • A wide range of types of busi- essential to come up with specific data about the self-employed and all micro by the bureau of statistics and the ness ownership exists in CI sec- collection methods in order to obtain businesses. Information about the self- NACE classification. Gathering in- tors – NGOs, limited compa- adequate data about these industries employed with a yearly turnover of less formation about design businesses is nies, limited-liability companies, and compare them with other eco- than 250 000 EEK was obtained from a more specific problem in Lithuania self-employed, government and nomic spheres in each country. the registry of the Estonian Tax and for example, as there are no enterprises local-government organizations, Customs Board. However, the prob- in Lithuania that could be classified foundations – the databases with froM stAtistiCAL lem with these databases is that indus- as “design enterprises”, and there is private, public and non-govern- CoMpArisoN to tries are not defined precisely enough, no statistical data according to which ment sector data are not compa- exChANges of and there may not be sufficient data. one could determine the share of such rable with each other. They can experieNCe For example, statistics about Estonian enterprises in CI. That is why the iden- also include contradictory data music and visual and applied arts are tification of the design sector is associ- about sub sectors. It is not enough to develop effective nonexistent (Eesti ..., 2009). ated with the design functions embed- and sector specific political methods ded within traditional manufacturing, • National statistical registries (e.g. using data from statistical mapping Latvian research mostly concentrates advertising, architecture and other CI NACE) do not include many new alone. More sub sector specific and on data gathered by the bureau of sta- sectors (Lietuvos ..., 2009). professions or fields of operation, qualitative research is needed to map Estonia (2007 data) Latvia (2006 data) Lithuania (2006*, 2007 data) Number of people working in CI 28 000 (4.3%) 63 511 (5.8%) 61 297 (4.02%) (% of all employed) Number of businesses in CI Over 5 000 (9.4%) 9 327 (8.9%) 6 149 (8%) (% of all businesses) Total income of CI EUR 1 146 000 000 EUR 1 014 000 000 EUR 1 256 000 000 CI as a share of GDP 2.9% n/a 5.2%* Concentration in the capital city 47.1% of CI enterprises 54.8% of CI enterprises 70% of value created by CI Table 2. Economic and statistical indicators of CI Source: Survey and Mapping of the Creative Industries in Estonia, 2009; Creative industries research. Actualization of statistics, 2008; Lithuanian Creative and Cultural industries, 2009
  • 7. page 7 the needs of creative industries and cooperation between different sectors good tool for bringing creative indus- opportunities to support and develop the problems hindering their devel- works and what problems domestic tries onto the political agenda, mean- CI in order to create a political frame- opment. Region specific studies and enterprises experience. This has been ing that it is (economically) important work for CI. analyses of cities and districts are also examined for example by Lithuania in in domestic and international compar- important. A range of qualitative stud- the Užupis district in Vilnius and in isons. However, mapping alone is not Comparing CI in the three Baltic ies has been conducted in all three Klaipeda, and by Estonia and Latvia enough to bring about the required countries, the purposes of its various countries. Due to the strong influence in their capitals and other regions. In supporting structures and methods for sub sectors and its potential for sup- of region-specific characteristics, such addition, sector specific studies have developing creative industries. As al- port facilitates additional opportuni- research is mostly initiated at the city been conducted in all three countries; ready mentioned, all three Baltic coun- ties to interpret statistical indicators. level. In each region or city (or dis- for example, the state of design and tries (including several individual cities At the same time it makes it possible trict within larger cities), a specific its need for improvement have been and regions) have carried out several for the Baltic States to learn from each CI structure has been built up to deal mapped in all three countries.2 Thus, studies for the purpose of highlighting other and exchange best practices (and with sub sectors that dominate, how in most cases statistical mapping is a potential development claims as well as why not worst ones too). LiterAture useD • Picard, Robert G. and Toivonen, Timo E. (2005) „The Economic Contributions of Copyright-based Industries in Latvia.“ Riga: Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Latvia. • Mikelsone, A., Gubins, S., Vanags, A. (2008) “Creative industries research. Actualization of statistics.”, Riga: BICEPS, KM, VKKF. • „Lietuvos kūrybinės ir kultūrinės industrijos“ (Lithuanian Creative and Cultural industries) (2009) Integruotos meno, mokslo, studiju ir verslo nacionalines kopleksines programos. • Mažeikis, G., Černevičiute, J., Ščiglinskiene, A., Tatarune, I. (2005) “Creative industries mapping document in Alytus and Utena counties. The summary of the study.” The European Cultural Programme Centre. Vilnius. • “Creative Metropoles: Situation analysis of 11 cities.” Project materials. (2010) The project CREATIVE METROPOLES is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund and the Norwegian funding through the INTERREG IVC programme. • „Eesti loomemajanduse olukorra uuring ja kaardistus.“ (Survey and Mapping of the Creative Industries in Estonia) (2009) Eesti Konjunktuuriinstituut. 2 Mollerup, P. (2002) Establishing the • „Eesti loomemajanduse kaardistus ja analüüs“ (Mapping and Analysis of Estonian Creative Industries) (2005) Eesti basis for the elaboration and application Konjunktuuriinstituut. of the Estonian design policy measures. The Estonian Ministry of Economy, • Lassur, S., Tafel-Viia, K., Summatavet, K., Terk, E. (2010) “Intertwining of drivers in formation of new policy focus: Tallinn; Mollerup, P. (2004) Design for Latvia. Final Report. Copenhagen; case of creative industries in Tallinn” – Nordic Journal of Cultural Policy 2010 (in press). Mollerup, P. (2008) Design Opportunities in Lithuania. The Vilnius Academy of the • Riiklik struktuurivahendite kasutamise strateegia 2007 - 2013 (2007). Eesti Vabariik. URL http://www.struktuuri- Arts, Vilnius. fondid.ee/?id=6473
  • 8. CrEaTIvE INdusTrIEs page 8 educating creative professionals and mediators and supporting the core arts fields and cultural industries. pOLICy IN EsTONIa rAGNAr SIIL / head of Development Department, estonian Ministry of Culture eNterprise estoNiA AND CreAtive iNDustries support MeAsures Enterprise Estonia is the primary con- tributor of support and development programs targeted towards entrepre- iNtroDuCtioN ority areas within that strategic goal neurs including creative businesses alongside supporting internationalisa- and in 2008 the Creative Industries Creative Industries have been widely tion, innovation, access to capital, the support program was started. The discussed all over the world in the last creation of new businesses, knowledge different measures for the support of decade, and from the beginning of this and technology transfer and the devel- creative industries fall under two main century, Estonia has also been actively opment of tourism3. categories. The first set of measures is involved in those developments. As in not specific to the creative industries many other countries, Estonia carried CI measures and policies are coordi- and is open to general applications. In out a mapping exercise in 2005, and nated in close cooperation between the recent years these programs have been along with an overview of the creative Ministry of Culture and the Ministry analysed, and through awareness rais- industries, the first set of policy recom- of Economic Affairs and Communica- ing and competence building, these mendations were submitted. Along tions. Programs are implemented by funds have been used to successfully with continuing awareness raising Enterprise Estonia, which is one of the finance creative businesses and net- activities, the stage was set for more largest institutions within the national works. These programs include cluster concrete actions to design new sup- system for entrepreneurship support, support programs (e.g. film industry port measures for creative industries in providing financial assistance, advice, cluster development), export support Estonia. cooperation opportunities and train- and joint marketing programs (e.g. ing for entrepreneurs, research estab- “Tallinn Music Week” – an event to CreAtive iNDustries lishments, and the public and third show-case Estonian music, “Black AND europeAN sector4. Market” – a film co-production), skills uNioN struCturAL and knowledge development programs 3 fuNDs The main focus areas supporting crea- (e.g. design management training http://www.struktuurifondid.ee/key- tive industries in Estonia for 2007– courses) and awareness raising and en- goals-4 Based on policy recommendations, 2013 include the growth and sustain- trepreneurship promotion programs 4 http://www.eas.ee/index.php/about- creative industries were included in ability of enterprises within creative (e.g. the Creative Estonia initiative, see enterprise-estonia/overview the National Strategy for European sectors and enhancing creativity in the below), support for innovation, prod- Structural Funds for 2007–2013. The business community through synergies uct development and training 5 http://www.eas.ee/index.php/for-the- Operational Program for the Develop- between creative people and compa- entrepreneur/development-of-the- ment of the Economic Environment nies and the rest of the economy5. The In addition to these general support company/development-of-creative- supports entrepreneurship through role of cultural and educational insti- measures, a sector-specific program industry raising the innovation and growth tutions is to focus on the early stages was created to finance the development 6 See more: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/ capacities of enterprises. Supporting of the creative industries value chain6 of different support structures, includ- images/0015/001598/159804e.pdf creative industries is one of seven pri- (including the creation phase) through ing creative incubators, hubs and cen-
  • 9. page 9 tres. The program aims to strengthen dustries Development Centre within companies, online advice, networking buildings budget for the acquisition systems through which many creative the Tallinn Cultural Cauldron11, the support and in the future also pro- of art and design objects to enrich the businesses can grow in the coming Creative Incubator in Viljandi and the motional and marketing capabilities public space. Currently, this proposal years. The overall budget for those Estonian Film Digitalization (post- for creative companies. In addition to is being deliberated in Parliament. structures is 6.3 million euros. In production) Centre. the portal, Creative Estonia publishes the first round (see below), financing best practices, reports from studies and iNterNAtioNAL was available for both operating costs The creative incubators in Tallinn and mapping projects, organises confer- CooperAtioN and investments in infrastructure and Tartu have been working since Sep- ences and seminars in different parts technology. According to preliminary tember 2009. In Tartu there are cur- of Estonia, offers media support for Estonia actively pursues international plans only operating costs and project rently 9 start-up creative companies creative industries initiatives and raises contacts in creative industries. Cross- support will be granted in the second and 20 others in the pre-incubation awareness through different means. border cooperation allows us to share round. phase. The Tallinn creative incubator best practices with other countries, and has 26 start-up companies and another other sourCes of learn from their experiences in devel- The strategic goals of supporting the 37 have passed through the second support oping methodologies and programs Creative Industries include, first of pre-incubation training. Both of these for the creative sector. As Estonia has a all, more sustainable and fast growing examples provide strong evidence that This overview focuses on creative en- very limited market and a small popu- start-ups. Co-operation with CI sector there is strong interest in the creative trepreneurship support measures. It is lation, it is vital for Estonian compa- will also contibute to increasing export sector for specialized incubation serv- still important to mention that there nies to cooperate with neighbouring and internationalization of Estonian ices, and in times of economic crisis are a number of other policy measures countries and form working clusters. companies. Additionally, higher R&D creative entrepreneurship is gaining that contribute to the development of capability of Estonian companies in more and more popularity. cultural and creative industries. Estonia Estonia already founded a network CI sector is expected, thus, resulting invests large sums from EU structural for creative industries policy makers in more revenues from creative clusters CreAtive estoNiA funds in the cultural infrastructure to in 2006 in cooperation with Latvia, and balanced regional development. strengthen regional competitiveness Lithuania and Finland. Since 2008, In 2009, Enterprise Estonia launched and enhance tourism. There is also a Estonia has been taking part in the fuNDeD projeCts iN an integrated program for raising number of programs for developing European Union’s cultural and creative 2010 awareness called Creative Estonia. human resources (e.g. training unem- industries working group13. Estonia The program brings together different ployed in product development and has also worked with the European 7 http://www.esa.ee The first round of applications for the activities to promote creative entre- entrepreneurship in handicrafts) and Commission, Finland, Sweden, Nor- Creative Industries Support Structures preneurship and creativity in society. the digital society (e.g. approximately way, Iceland, Denmark, Germany, Po- 8 http://www.lmk.ee Development Program took place in Creative Estonia aims to bring togeth- 2 million euros for digitalizing cultural land, Lithuania, Latvia and Russia to 9 December 2009, and at the beginning er different stakeholders and facilitate heritage and granting public access to set up the Northern Dimension Part- http://www.disainikeskus.ee of January 2010 seven creative centres contact between creative professionals the digital content). The Estonian Min- nership on Culture (NDPC). 10 http://www.arhitektuurikeskus.ee and incubators were funded total- and businesses, policymakers, students istry of Culture and Estonian Cultural ling 4.9 million euros of support. The and businesses from other sectors. Endowment also support the cultural The overall objective of the NDPC is 11 http://www.kultuurikatel.eu projects funded included the Tallinn Creative Estonia’s activities involve and creative industries and preserve to serve as a focal point for networks, 12 Creative Incubator7, the Tartu Centre developing a creative industries web unique cultural expressions through projects and other cultural activities http://www.looveesti.ee for Creative Industries8, the Estonian portal12, a comprehensive collection several regional programs. In 2010, the in the Northern Dimension area and 13 http://ec.europa.eu/culture/our- Design Centre9, the Estonian Centre of relevant information on creative Estonian government approved a pro- promote interaction between cultural policy-development/doc1571_en.htm of Architecture10, the Creative In- industries, web resources for start-up posed law allowing 1% of the public actors and the business community.
  • 10. CrEaTIvE INdusTrIEs pOLICy IN LaTvIa page 10 uNA SEDLENIEcE / senior Desk officer, Division for strategy and regional Cultural policy, Latvian Ministry of Culture iNitiAL efforts AND society and the state. Obviously, cul- tional identity, language, unique poLiCy DoCuMeNts tural and creative industries seem to be export offerings and also the one of the keys to implementing a new potential for marketing Latvia Following two creative industries stud- paradigm in cultural policy. abroad; ies1 conducted by international experts, creative industries issues began to enter Latvia, as with other European coun- • as the Ministry of Culture of the policy-planning agendas more inten- tries, looked at the British experience Republic of Latvia is responsible sively in Latvia around 2005. At that in undertaking the initial steps in crea- for the cultural and creative in- time, the Latvian Ministry of Culture tive industries awareness. The crucial dustries education sector, creative inaugurated work on a new long-term role of the British Council, Danish industries were also linked to the 1 Mollerup, Per. Design for Latvia. cultural policy document, involving Cultural Institute, Nordic Council of issue of conditions for creative Final Report. Copenhagen: Mollerup both local and a wide range of inter- Ministers, Goethe-Institute, French people (artist’s social security, Designlab A/S, 2004 national experts, as well as national, Embassy and other international part- mobility of cultural profession- [http://www.designlatvia.lv/ municipal, government and private ners should be pointed out here in als, strengthening the strategic uploaded_files/Mollerup_eng.pdf]; organizations. sharing knowledge and raising local connection between cultural and Picard, Robert G./ Toivonen, Timo competence in creative industries is- education sectors etc.); E.: The Economic Contributions of Aware of the rich cultural assets avail- sues in Latvia in recent years. Copyright-based Industries in Latvia able in Latvia, the Long-Term Cultural • considering creative industries 2000. Riga: Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Latvia, 2005. Policy Guidelines 2006–2015 “Na- The Ministry of Culture was actively in close relation to establishing [http://www.km.gov.lv/lv/doc/ tional State”2 strived to answer not engaged in creative industries ad- markets and the consumption of starpnozares/radosa/Latvian_ only questions about the “decorative” vocacy, but not just because of the cultural goods and services; Copyright_latviski.doc]. role of the cultural sector or to reflect promising international opportuni- how culture enriches our lives, but also ties. Furthermore, the main reasons for • understanding the interdepend- 2 Ilgtermiņa politikas pamatnostādnes endeavoured to highlight the cultural introducing creative industries policy ence of creative industries de- Valsts kultūrpolitikas vadlīnijas sector within a multidisciplinary ap- topics right from the start involved a velopment and further improve- 2006.-2015. gadam „Nacionāla proach; in other words, how culture logical extension of general cultural ments to cultural administration valsts”, 18.04.2006. MK rīk. Nr.264. prot. Nr.21 40.§. as one of the branches of the national policy matters: (performance based strategic [http://www.km.gov.lv/lv/doc/ economy contributes to the well-being management, training of admin- dokumenti/kulturpolitikas_ of people as well as to the development • creative industries development istrators, establishing sound and vadlinijas.doc]. and competitiveness of individuals, was also linked to issues of na- sustainable research systems etc.).
  • 11. page 11 Accordingly, one of the strategic aims series of conferences was convened by • quality of and access to creative of the Long-Term Cultural Policy the Ministry of Culture in cooperation industries education and infor- Guidelines 2006–2015 was directly with different partners in order to clar- mation, raising awareness of crea- related to the creative industries: “To ify and intensify these issues for a wid- tive industries; improve the cooperation between the er audience; for example, the interna- sectors of culture and economy to pro- tional conference “Creative mind – the • business-related development (es- mote the diversity of Latvian culture best asset” (7 November, 2007),7 the pecially within the two priority and the sustainable development of international conference “Design for sectors – design and audiovisual the creative economy.” (Strategic Aim the future” (5 October, 2007) among media and multimedia, which 6.2) Moreover, one emphasis within others.8 Support for political planning have the largest export potential); the cultural policy revealed connec- for the creative industries appeared as tions between creativity and economy: a range of creative industries related • the exploitation of new technolo- “Creativity nurtured by culture and the studies were also conducted till 2008; gies; arts in conjunction with knowledge is for example, the mapping of the crea- 3 LR Reģionālās attīstības un now the main resource for economic tive industries carried out by the Baltic • strengthening the research and pašvaldību lietu ministrija. Latvijas growth. Creative industries as a new International Centre for Economic development of the regulatory Nacionālais attīstības plāns 2007- sector of the economy ensure utilising Policy Studies, Creative Industries in framework. 2013. Rīga 2006. this resource in the creation of goods Latvia in 20079 and the Creative In- [http://www.nap.lv]. and services with high added value.” dustry Research: Update of Statistics The Ministry of Culture considers 4 (Emphasis Nr. 3) in 2008.10 Special consulting bodies the priority areas identified in 2008 http://www.em.gov.lv/em/images/modules/ items/item_file_11631_2.pdf with the involvement of CI profession- as fully acceptable for the foreseeable After introducing creative industries als and NGO’s were also established future; they are also consistent with CI 5 http://www.esfondi.lv/page.php?id=659 issues in the national cultural policy at the Ministry of Culture; for exam- activities within the framework of the guidelines, the Ministry of Culture ple, the Design Council (2006, since European Commission, the Northern 6 See under: http://www.mk.gov.lv/en/mk/ encouraged the inclusion of creative 2008 relocated under the authority of Dimension Partnership on Culture vesture industries matters in all key policy the Ministry of Economics), the work- and other initiatives at the interna- 7 „Radošs prāts – vislielākais aktīvs” planning documents in Latvia, such ing group on the CI policy document tional level. Furthermore, there were a http://www.km.gov.lv/lv/doc/masas/prats/ as the National Development Plan (2007–2008) etc. number of tasks designated to state in- programma.doc 2007–20133, the National Lisbon Pro- stitutions such as the Ministry of Cul- 8 gramme 2005–20084 and the National support MeAsures ture, Ministry of Economics, Ministry „No Lielvārdes jostas līdz mūsdienu Strategic Reference Framework docu- of Education and Science and others dizainam” http://www.km.gov.lv/lv/masas/ ment 2007–20135. Creative industries On 12 August 2008, the Cabinet of in the protocol attached to the 2008 lielvardes_josta.html were also reflected at the highest po- Ministers approved the Report on report. Today, we can already point out 9 Miķelsone, A./ Gubins, S./ Vanags, A. litical level within declarations on the creative industries and their policies several positive effects of this policy; for Radošās industrijas Latvijā. Rīga: planned activities of the Cabinet of in Latvia11 submitted by the minister example, the support for the creative BICEPS/ KM/ VKKF. 2007 Ministers headed by Aigars Kalvītis of culture, Helēna Demakova. The fol- industries businesses incubator in Riga (7 November 2006 – 20 December lowing four major support areas were (about EUR 2.3 million) from 2009 to 10 Miķelsone, A.Radošo industriju izpēte: 2007), Ivars Godmanis (20 December identified in the report in order to im- 2014, as well as the notable moderni- statistikas datu aktualizācijas. 2007 – 12 March 2009) and Valdis plement specific policies supported by sation support for all higher education Rīga: BICEPS/KM 2008. Dombrovskis (since 12 March 2009).6 government and EU Structural Funds establishments in the arts and culture 11 http://www.mk.gov.lv/doc/2005/ with the aim of creating favourable allocated in 2010 (about EUR 5 mil- KMzin_040808_radind.doc#_ Once creative industries matters were conditions for the development of lion) and many other activities, mostly Toc200511672 included in all major political papers, a creative industries in Latvia: supported from various EU Structural
  • 12. page 12 Fund programmes. These priorities are programs in the creative industries17 integral aspects of the economy. Simi- also supported by the Culture Capital have been instigated. NGOs play a larly, the development of statistical Foundation of Latvia, where a new significant role in creative industries methods as well as research and com- branch for design and architecture has processes. Likewise, for example, the parative studies in this field should not been established since May 2010.12 Design Information Centre is actively be stopped. Even though the scope of working with the theory and practice financial and other support tools for 12 The Investment and Development of the creative industries.18 For exam- creative industries has increased in the http://www.vkkf.lv Agency of Latvia is an important ple, Culturelab regularly observes crea- last five years, there is still a need for 13 http://www.liaa.gov.lv player within the creative industries tive economic and creative industry significant improvements in produc- institutional support and developmen- developments in a dedicated section of tive inter-sector (mostly cultural and 14 For instance, the Culture and Creative tal framework.13 The agency already the cultural policies monitoring site.19 economic) dialogue, as well as in the Industries Education Centre was closed started significant state initiatives to Creative industries enterprises, such as development of support tools to satisfy down starting from 2010, see under: support the creative industries (most- “Magnus” in Cēsis, are also supported the needs and coordination of the crea- http://kriic.lv ly industrial and product design) in in traditional business incubators in tive industries. 15 Some examples: http://www.spikeri.lv or 2006. In addition, the internet portal regional Latvia.20 http://www.andrejsala.lv/?l=1, http://www.designlatvia.lv was opened It is possible that the gradual evolu- http://www.kalnciemaiela.lv and http:// in 2008. The agency possesses a wide Creative industries issues are also be- tion of the cultural and creative sector www.totaldobze.com/ArtCenter range of different creative industry ing dealt with at policy level in cities over the last ten years is much more support instruments; for example, and towns ever more confidently. For characteristic of the changes in our 16 For instance, http://www.duka.riga. the “Design Bus” or “Design Audit” instance, Riga City Council and Swed- economies than the development in lv/#/about-the-project or http://www. projects, or the notable support for bank have jointly organised the grant any other sector in general, and this britishcouncil.org/latvia-projects- export and product development ac- program “Atspēriens” since 2009, es- fact cannot be overlooked in future creativity-week-blog2.htm or http://www. brigade.lv tivities among creative enterprises and tablished with a view to promoting planning, even if it is difficult to make professionals within the framework of entrepreneurial activity and support- clear forecasts. The long-term strategy 17 For instance: http://www.sseriga.edu. traditional business support measures. ing young entrepreneurs with business Latvia 203023 recognises culture and lv/event/workshop-creative-industries- The agency also provides consulta- marketing ideas. Riga also actively par- creativity as important assets for the new-media-and-innovation-management tions, seminars and training, which ticipates in the international Project future development of the country. As or http://www.ba.lv/sites/default/ are sometimes specifically designed for “Creative Metropoles”21, while the city many of the examples of good practice files/programmu_bukleti/m_ creative industries professionals. of Rēzekne plans to build up the resto- in the creative industries are based on uznemumu_vadisana_ ration and creative industries services “pre-crisis” evidence, it would be sensi- radosajas_industrijas_2010.pdf reCeNt and workshops centre “Carandache” in ble to seek a comprehensive assessment 18 http://www.dic.lv DeveLopMeNts 201122. There are many more similarly of future development potential since optimistic examples that could also be the euphoria of the recent growth pe- 19 http://culturelablv.wordpress.com/category/ As a result of the economic crisis, some mentioned. riod in Latvia to facilitate policy plan- radosas-industrijas support and policy planning activities ning for the creative industries. Such 20 http://www.magnus.lv have been tightened14 due to a lack of future DireCtioNs an assessment should identify how cur- funds or the nature of the activity, but rent socio-economic challenges could 21 http://www.creativemetropoles.eu/#/city/ that does not mean that nothing is hap- The Ministry of Culture believes that affect human behaviour, including riga pening. On the contrary, there is ever the economic crisis Europe is experi- consumption, and what this will mean increasing interest in and awareness of encing at the moment should not stop for the development of the creative in- 22 http://www.rezekne.lv/index. the creative industries in Latvia. Led by the further development of knowledge dustries. An increased awareness of our php?id=348&no_cache=1&tx_ttnews[tt_ private initiatives with a little state or in creative industries at the local, Bal- own strengths, as well as the potential news]=3269&tx_ttnews[backPid]=422& municipal support, creative quarters15 tic and EU level, highlighting culture for regional and international coopera- cHash=8230238337 are being developed, new initiatives16 and creativity, both as a value in itself tion will help bring future possibilities 23 http://www.latvija2030.lv/page/1 have been established and new training and explaining culture and creativity as into focus.
  • 13. CrEaTIvE INdusTrIEs page 13 pOLICy IN LIThuaNIa rASIuS MAKSELIS / head of strategic planning Department, Lithuanian Ministry of Culture The concept of creative industries vertising, dramatic art, and other areas in a number of EU countries con- has been considered in Lithuania which unite various aspects of cultural ducted by the Ministry of Culture. To since 2003, when the first studies in and economic activities. date, funding for nine arts incubator this field were conducted (by Dr M. projects has been allocated until 2013 Starkevičiūtė). Maps of the creative in- support MeAsures according to the ‘Assistant 2’ EU struc- dustries in Utena and Alytus counties tural funds measure, which is adminis- were compiled in 2004–2005 (head In 2009, as a result of cooperation tered by the Ministry of Economy. The of the project, Dr G. Mažeikis). The between the Ministry of Culture and budget for the programme is approxi- Strategy for the Promotion and De- the Ministry of Economy, the concept mately 17 million euros. velopment of Creative Industries was of creative industries was included in prepared and approved in 2007. It the Lithuanian Strategy for the use of The Ministry of Economy has also in- provided a definition of creative indus- EU Structural Funds for 2007–2013 troduced creative industries into the tries and identified priority areas for and in the Operational Programme for national innovation policy, clustering development. Creative industries are Economic Growth. As the Ministry of programmes and export measures. At defined in these documents as ‘activi- Culture and the Ministry of Economy least two creative industries cluster ties based on an individual’s creative were seeking to define specific measures projects are being prepared at the mo- abilities and talent, the objective and targeted at the promotion of creative ment. The Ministry of Economy also result of which is intellectual property industries in Lithuania, it was decided provides support for export projects and which can create material well- that an arts incubator network should including participation in internation- being and work places’. The concept be established in Lithuania next to the al fairs. These support mechanisms are of creative industries in Lithuania existing business incubator network, also funded by EU Structural Funds. includes the following: crafts, archi- and that funding from EU structural tecture, design, cinema and video art, funds should be allocated for the de- reCeNt publishing, visual arts, applied arts, velopment of this new network. The DeveLopMeNts music, software and computer serv- usefulness of these measures was con- ices, the creation and broadcasting of firmed via an analysis of the operation With the development of a network of radio and television programmes, ad- of creative industries arts incubators creative industries, the National Asso-
  • 14. page 14 ciation of Cultural and Creative Indus- this sector plays an important role in National Association for Cultural and the field of creative industries. The na- tries, which includes approximately 40 the Lithuanian economy. Creative Industries plans to use this tional strategy for the development of members, was established in Lithuania support for the preparation of further creative industries has been adopted in 2009. An opportunity study regard- Based on the aforementioned oppor- complex development projects. by the Minister of Culture. The Min- ing the National Creative and Cultural tunity study, the Lithuanian National istry of Culture along with the Inter- Industries Programme was prepared Programme for Cultural and Creative regioNAL national Cultural Programmes Centre on the initiative of the association. The Industries was prepared and presented CooperAtioN provides support for mapping creative data presented in the study show that to the Ministry of Education and Sci- industries, collaborates with the State the contribution of creative industries ence in 2009. There is a plan to use Creative industries are becoming a ma- Department of Statistics and organizes companies to Lithuanian GDP grew assistance from EU structural funds jor area of regional cooperation as well. conferences and seminars related to the from 2 per cent (LTL 2.1 billion) in to implement this programme and it When Lithuania held the presidency creative industries. The ministry has 2001 to 5.2 per cent (LTL 4 billion) aims to specifically support synergy via in the Council of the Baltic Sea States, financed a Lithuanian adaptation of in 2006. According to data provided a system of arts education, cultural in- the conference held by the Nordic the David Parrish book “T-Shirts and by the Department of Statistics of the frastructure and creative business. The Council Ministers Office in Lithuania, Suits”, and the creation of the portal government of the Republic of Lithua- budget for the programme is approxi- the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the www.kurybinesindustrijos.lt. nia, 6 149 companies with a total of mately 3 million euros. Ministry of Culture on 23–24 Febru- 61 297 employees operated in this sec- ary 2010 in Vilnius emphasised the The Ministry of Culture takes active tor in 2007. This accounted for 8 per The very existence of this programme need to promote the cooperation of part in the consultations held by the cent of the total number of companies is evidence that the creative sector in the Baltic Sea countries in the area of government of the Republic of Lithua- operating in Lithuania and 4 per cent Lithuania is acknowledged as an im- creative industries. nia concerning the long-term strategic of the total number of employed peo- portant area of innovation next to areas plan, Lithuania 2030. Since a crea- ple in Lithuania. The growth of com- such as laser physics or biotechnology. the NAtioNAL tive civil society is one of the priori- panies in the creative industries sector poLiCy ties discussed in this strategy, the cul- was 8 per cent in 2006–2007, and the Additional support for education and tural economy and creative industries number of employees in the sector the development of creative entre- The Ministry of Culture is officially are particularly important sectors in grew 2.8 per cent, which shows that preneurs was provided in 2010. The responsible for the national policy in achieving this aim.
  • 15. CrEaTIvE INdusTrIEs aNd ThE EsTONIaN OffICE page 15 Of ThE NOrdIC COuNCIL Of MINIsTErs Creative industries, which is a con- stories in the areas of contemporary In addition, the NCM in cooperation cess stories and news. In addition, the cept that is developing strongly right jewellery, the music industry, media, with the Estonian Ministry of Culture NCM has helped Creative Estonia in- across the world, creates employment advertising, festivals, textiles, market- and KreaNord – an initiative of the vite creative industry experts from the and a general sense of well being in ing cities, cuisine and so forth. NCM that unites all branches of crea- Nordic countries to marketing semi- society through intellectual property. tive industry – organised an interna- nars. For this reason the Nordic Council of The NCM supported the creation of tional conference in Tallinn in 2009 ti- Ministers (NCM) has made the de- the Tartu Centre for Creative Industries tled “Creative Industries in the Nordic In the future, the NCM Estonian Of- velopment and better use of creative in a strategic capacity for a year and a and Baltic countries”. As a result of the fice will continue to present the views industries one of its most important half. The centre was ultimately opened conference new cooperation networks, and know-how of Nordic experts, as missions, both in Nordic countries as in spring 2009. It has received support both at the political and project level, well as support the creation and con- well as Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and from the Nordic-Baltic Mobility Pro- cropped up indicating that the creative tinuation of networks of cooperation. north-western Russia. gramme for Business and Industry and industry is a worldwide phenomenon has shared its expertise with colleagues that is most productive when synergies In organising activities the NCM relies The NCM offices in the Baltic States, from Finland, Norway, Sweden, are created. on: along with experts in the creative in- Lithuania and Latvia. The creation of a dustries, developers, institutions and network of contacts involving Nordic In 2010, the NCM helped organise a • The Guidelines for Nordic– politicians have exchanged ideas and and Baltic creative businesses and crea- round table on music exports at Tallinn Baltic cooperation 2009–2013 expertise on how best to make use of tive industry developers is currently Music Week. Music agents from Fin- the unique characteristics of a small in progress. In addition to funds for land, Sweden and Iceland spoke about • The European Union Strategy cultural sphere in the context of the enterprise and industry cooperation, music export strategies and marketing for the Baltic Sea world stage. The NCM Estonian Of- it is also possible to apply for funding support systems in their countries. fice has devoted itself to the concept from the public administration mobil- • The Northern Dimension of creative industries since the end of ity programme. The creation of the The NCM is working in cooperation Cultural Partnership 2008. To introduce the concept, the cooperation network is also supported with the Estonian Creative Industries council held a series of lectures with by the Nordic Culture Point and the internet portal Creative Estonia (Loov • The Creative Economy Green inspiring examples of Nordic success Nordic Culture Fund. Eesti), which publicises Nordic suc- Paper for the Nordic Region
  • 16. BEsT praCTICEs: page 16 EsTONIa the esA tALLiNN port structures. With this assistance CreAtive iNCuBAtor the ESA Creative Incubator is able to fund its activities and develop infra- The (ESA) Tallinn Creative Incubator, structure. Even so, the City of Tallinn one of three enterprise incubators run is the primary source of funds for the by the Business Support and Credit ESA Creative Incubator and is an in- Management Foundation (Estonian terested party, and because of this the acronym ESA), was officially opened support measure is primarily aimed at in September 2009, though it had creative enterprises based in Tallinn. already begun to provide support for The Creative Incubator generates its creative enterprises in 2008. own income from the rent of rooms and sales of services and training ses- The idea for the Creative Incubator sions, and businesses are subsidised by was born in 2004, when one of Esto- up to 75%. nia’s well known contemporary jewel- lers, Kärt Summatavet PhD, became The mission of the Tallinn Creative a client of the incubator. A collabora- Incubator is to provide a supportive tive effort by Kärt Summatavet and environment for creative enterprises by Anu Lõhmus, a member of the board initially providing them with incuba- at ESA, produced the concept for the tion services. The main emphasis is to Creative Incubator, and in September improve the business expertise of crea- 2006 it was presented for the first time tive enterprises and to establish a soft to the Tallinn City Enterprise Board. infrastructure by developing mecha- The City of Tallinn gave the green nisms of inclusion, cooperation and light for the Creative Incubator and participation and to help enterprises supported it by covering the expenses become international. This includes of planned preparatory projects. From making the Creative Incubator an im- 2010, a support measure was added to portant influence in the creative indus- develop ESA creative industries sup- tries sector.
  • 17. page 17 All enterprises wishing to be includ- meetings with clients and internal dis- BuSINESS Support AND crEDIt MANAGEMENt fouNDAtIoN (ESA) ed in the incubator must undertake cussions and the receptionist and post- a thorough basic business training al service, large library and other com- Veerenni 24C, 10135 Tallinn, Estonia course and they are required to com- munal resources are also invaluable. Member of the Board: Anu Lõhmus pile a business plan. The business plan Ph +372 604 0620 (receptionist) is assessed by a group of experts and the Since the project began there are five Fax +372 604 0609 business is given thorough feedback on Creative Incubator businesses that have info@esa.ee their weaknesses and strengths. The en- become success stories. Four export trepreneur defends their business plan their products and services on a large before an assessment committee. scale, and three have achieved national crEAtIVE INcuBAtor recognition in the areas of business and Businesses in the Creative Incuba- design. Five top Estonian designers Veerenni 24C, 10135 Tallinn, Estonia tor can compensate for their lack of have joined the Tallinn Creative Incu- Manager: Ele-Mall Vainomäe resources (both material and nonma- bator. Their international awards and Ph +372 604 0621 terial) with help from the incubator recognition is an encouragement for Mob +372 506 7881 and business consultants to develop other Creative Incubator clients. Fax +372 604 0609 their business – this assistance can elemall@esa.ee range from business know-how to do The success of and need for the Crea- with starting and running a business tive Incubator is clearly measured by to studio-style rental premises that its popularity. In 2008, 14 creative are below market price. Businesses are enterprises wished to join, in 2009 included in training sessions, informa- there were 30 and by the end of spring tion and network seminars, workshops 2010 there are already 40 creative en- and educational travel and cooperative terprises. marketing events organised by the in- cubator. With financial support from Since the start of the project, Creative the incubator, businesses have also had Incubator partners have included the the opportunity to develop their spe- Estonian Academy of Arts, Mainor cialist skills through training courses Business School Design Institute, the and workshops. Estonian Association of Designers and the Estonian Design Centre. Due to The most popular services provided are its location and common interests, the business consultations and training, Baltika Quarter (Baltika is Estonia’s as well as group events ranging from largest fashion manufacturer) has also Creative Mornings to cooperative mar- become a partner. In cooperation with keting schemes. The incubator’s com- Baltika, cluster events are being organ- munal rooms are used to host various ised to develop, market and sell Esto- events, the meeting rooms for holding nian design and handicraft products.
  • 18. page 18 tArtu cENtrE for crEAtIVE INDuStrIES: Raul Oreškin Member of the Board Phone: +372 735 5003 Mobile: +372 5564 7803 E-mail: raul@lmk.ee Külli Hansen Development Director Mobile: +372 510 6865 E-mail: kylli@lmk.ee tArtu CeNtre for The Centre for Creative Industries is To become a resident of the centre it the business plan and overall running CreAtive iNDustries located at 13–17 Kalevi Street – very is necessary to undertake a 2-month of the business. Businesses consider close to the city centre in a historically preliminary incubation period during the greatest additional asset to be the The Tartu Centre for Creative Indus- important part of town near a variety which participants learn how to com- inspiring work environment and the tries was founded on 14 May 2009 on of cultural institutions. The buildings pile a business plan, become familiar benefits reaped from the cooperative the basis of Tartu City Council deci- are surrounded by a park area for with the principles of establishing a work that takes place between the resi- sion No. 514. The centre was officially which a concert stage and picnic area business and hear advice from consult- dent businesses. opened on 4 September 2009. are planned, as well as a sculpture gar- ants. After successful defence of the den. business plan it is possible to apply for The Tartu Centre for Creative Indus- The Tartu Centre for Creative Indus- the incubation service. tries has become popular to the extent tries is an umbrella organisation that At least once a year the centre organises that new premises are now required. coordinates the creative industries in a creative industries competition for Creative businesses can obtain support The renovation of 15 and 17 Kalevi Tartu. It shares information about cre- businesses just starting out and seeking from the centre in the form of rooms, Street began in June. ative industries and provides education incubation services. know-how and various services. Crea- and training in the field, and provides tive businesses can also use the office A queue is developing for the new legal and business advice to creative At present there are nine businesses and studio spaces, fully equipped meet- rooms because in June the 20 busi- businesses, as well as an incubator serv- operating from the Centre for Crea- ing rooms, Wi-Fi internet and security nesses in the preliminary incubation ice. The work of the Centre for Crea- tive Industries, two galleries and a café. services. Businesses are continually of- period will complete the program and tive Industries is funded by the City of There are 20 businesses in the prelimi- fered training and an experienced busi- in autumn a new competition will be Tartu and Enterprise Estonia. nary-incubation program. ness consultant provides advice about announced.
  • 19. page 19 CreAtive estoNiA mation of cooperation networks, successful creative industry businesses and the exchange of expertise and and projects. To encourage contact Creative Estonia is a program launched information. To present the mod- between businesses and creative peo- by Estonian Enterprise and funded by el of Estonian creative industries ple, Creative Estonia organises various the European Social Fund, which helps to Europe and bring the best Eu- events and seminars, open-coffee style promote and develop creative indus- ropean practises to Estonia. meetings and short lectures where cre- tries and creative businesses in Estonia. ative businesses and potential investors The program was established in 2009 To achieve its aim Creative Estonia are brought together. To promote the and its aim is to: clarifies the essence and importance of idea of creative industries, Creative Es- creative industries to all interested par- tonia participates in conferences to do • Clearly present the content, ties. Creative Estonia disseminate news with management, business and inno- unique characteristics, economic, and events in the field via mass, social vation as well as other areas, and seeks social and regional value of crea- and industry media, and it‘s own in- solutions to problems in the creative tive industries. Create a platform formation channels. industries with input from key figures for the discussion of creative in- from local government level right up to dustry problems and solutions at On the Creative Estonia portal www. the parliament. the highest level. looveesti.ee it is possible to find infor- mation and support material about This year the focus is on design man- • Support beginning and estab- starting a creative business and guide- agement, and along with the Estonian lished creative businesses with lines for managing a business. The por- Association of Designers, Creative much needed information and tal also aims to provide an overview of Estonia will be organising an interna- advice. Develop an attitude that the creative industry and the events, tional conference. creates a positive image of busi- studies and opportunities for support ness and to increase the business currently available. Creative businesses Students are an important target-group and export ability of creative are also invited to free marketing semi- for Creative Estonia. The essence of businesses. nars organised by Creative Estonia. creative business is explained to them in an attractive fashion and they are crEAtIVE EStoNIA: • Encourage and increase coopera- This year Creative Estonia will issue given information about study oppor- tion between creative individuals the publication “Creative Industries in tunities both at home and abroad. Eva Leemet and the industrial and service Estonia”, which will present the state of Eva@looveesti.ee sectors, so that the latter learn to the industry in Estonia and the best ex- Creative Estonia conducts its work +3725012558 make use of the abilities, talents amples to show that Estonia is a coun- with advice from a think tank that in- www.looveesti.ee and creativity of creative people try committed to innovation and con- cludes leaders from creative industries with the aim of developing and tributing added value. The publication support structures and development Tiiu Allikmäe becoming more competitive. will present the support structure that centres from the various creative asso- Tiiu@looveesti.ee has been established for creative indus- ciations. All work is carried out by Cre- +3725053085 • Create as many opportunities and tries and the support measures put in ative Estonia along with representatives www.looveesti.ee channels as possible for the for- place by the State, as well as highlight of the target groups and partners.