A presentation on Psychology on different ages

1. CHILDHOOD

2. CHILHOOD DEVELOPMENT
• biological and psychological changes that occur in human
beings as the individual progresses from dependency to
increasing autonomy
FACTORS
•genetic
•events during prenatal life
http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_development

3. MAJOR AGE DEVELOPMENTS
•newborn (ages 0–1 month);
•infant (ages 1 month – 1 year);
•toddler (ages 1–3 years);
•preschooler (ages 4–6 years);
•school-aged child (ages 6–13 years);
http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_development

4. STAGES OF CHILDHOOD
Infancy
Early Childhood
Mental Development
Aggression & Prosocial Behaviour
Parenting
Middle Childhood
http://www.psychologycampus.com/child-psychology/

5. INFANCY
• birth until approximately age of 2.
• learning occurs such as crying, nursing, co-ordination
and the ability to represent images and objects with words.
•Ex: Child crying-hungry
Learning names through listening
•FATCORS: environment/parents
http://www.psychologycampus.com/child-psychology/

6. EARLY CHILDHOOD
•2-6 years old
•mental development and social development
http://www.psychologycampus.com/child-psychology/

7. MENTAL DEVELOPMENT
•According to Piaget
•3-6 years old encountered certain limitations that
needed something called operational thought (the
thought needed to operate effectively in society)
•Egocentrism
•cannot consider two points of view at the same time
For example, children between these ages have difficulty
imagining what an object looks like from
another persons perspective.
http://www.psychologycampus.com/child-psychology/

8. AGGRESSION
•Early childhood
•Learn to socialize in society
•Controlling aggression
•Showing sympathy
PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR
• means empathy.
•behaviors include sharing, helping, care-giving
and showing compassion.
•For example: sharing lunch at school, helping others
in their work
http://www.psychologycampus.com/child-psychology/

9. http://www.psychologycampus.com/child-psychology/
PARENTING
•two dimensions'
•demand (made on the child)
•response (to the child).
•IMPORTANT is equal relationship with their child
and communication.
For example: DEMAND= sleep early
RESPONSE= child sleep early

10. MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
•friendships and peer relations become very
important
•requires an increased attention to social rules
http://www.psychologycampus.com/child-psychology/

11.  PopularPopular childrenchildren
 ControversialControversial childrenchildren
 NeglectedNeglected childrenchildren
 RejectedRejected childrenchildren
http://www.psychologycampus.com/child-psychology/

12. AdolescenceAdolescence

13. Physical ChangesPhysical Changes
 Growth spurtGrowth spurt
 Begins about age 10½ in girls and about 12½ in boysBegins about age 10½ in girls and about 12½ in boys
 Sexual developmentSexual development
 PubertyPuberty
 Onset of sexual maturationOnset of sexual maturation
 MenarcheMenarche
 First menstrual period for girlsFirst menstrual period for girls

14. Physical ChangesPhysical Changes
 Early and late developersEarly and late developers
 Deeper voiceDeeper voice
 Increased hormone levelsIncreased hormone levels
 testosteronetestosterone
 estrogenestrogen
 Teenage pregnancyTeenage pregnancy
 Rate of teen pregnancy has fallen in the last 50 yearsRate of teen pregnancy has fallen in the last 50 years
 Highest in U.S. of all industrialized nationsHighest in U.S. of all industrialized nations

15. Cognitive ChangesCognitive Changes
 Imaginary audienceImaginary audience
 Adolescent delusion that everyone else is alwaysAdolescent delusion that everyone else is always
focused on themfocused on them
 Personal fablePersonal fable
 Delusion that they are unique and very importantDelusion that they are unique and very important
 InvulnerabilityInvulnerability
 Nothing can harm themNothing can harm them

16. Personality and Social DevelopmentPersonality and Social Development
 Major occurrence in adolescence is identity formationMajor occurrence in adolescence is identity formation
 Forming an identityForming an identity
 AchievementAchievement
 Successfully find identitySuccessfully find identity
 ForeclosureForeclosure
 Settle for identity others wish for themSettle for identity others wish for them
 MoratoriumMoratorium
 Explore various identitiesExplore various identities
 DiffusionDiffusion
 Unable to “find themselves”Unable to “find themselves”

17. Personality and Social DevelopmentPersonality and Social Development
 Relationships with peersRelationships with peers
 Adolescents often form cliques, or groups withAdolescents often form cliques, or groups with
similar interests and strong mutual attachmentsimilar interests and strong mutual attachment
 Peers become very important in adolescencePeers become very important in adolescence
 Friendships are most intense in early adolescenceFriendships are most intense in early adolescence
 Relationships with parentsRelationships with parents
 Adolescents test and question every rule andAdolescents test and question every rule and
guideline from parentsguideline from parents

18. Some Problems of AdolescenceSome Problems of Adolescence
 Declines in self-esteemDeclines in self-esteem
 Related to appearanceRelated to appearance
 Satisfaction in appearance is related to higher self-Satisfaction in appearance is related to higher self-
esteemesteem
 Depression and suicideDepression and suicide
 Rate of suicide among adolescents has increasedRate of suicide among adolescents has increased
600% since 1950, but has leveled off in ’90s600% since 1950, but has leveled off in ’90s
 Suicide often related to depression, drug abuse, andSuicide often related to depression, drug abuse, and
disruptive behaviorsdisruptive behaviors