The document discusses the physical, emotional, social, and moral changes that occur during adolescence due to puberty. The endocrine system and pituitary gland control growth through hormones like testosterone and estrogen. Puberty brings sexual maturation as well as secondary sex characteristics. Mentally, adolescents develop better decision making and thinking skills but can experience feelings of insecurity. Their relationships also change as peer approval becomes important during this developmental stage.

2. CHANGES IN
ADOLESCENTS

3. MORAL - SPIRITUAL

4. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
- Controlled growth during
childhood and the changes during
puberty.
- made up of a set of organs called
endocrine glands.
- direct your growth. produce
hormones, which are released
into the bloodstream and travel
to other organs and tissues where
they stimulate growth and
regulate activity.

5. PITUITARY GLAND
- affects your growth more than any
other gland.
- produces many kinds of hormones and
one of these is the growth hormone.
- hormone regulates the development of
long bones and muscles in the body.
- causes growth throughout childhood
and adolescence and helps your body
reach its adult size or height.
- when your pituitary gland starts
making growth hormones, your growth
spurt begins.

6. PITUITARY GLAND
- releases hormones that cause
your reproductive glands to
become active produces many
kinds of hormones and one of
these is the growth hormone.
- Important changes occur inside
and outside your body as your
reproductive organs become more
active.

7. SEX HORMONES:
- Testosterone – male (testes)
- Estrogen – female (ovaries)
- stimulate the many physical changes that
adolescents go through during puberty.
Secondary sex characteristics:
* development of the breast.
* appearance of maxillary and
pubic hair, and others.
* Boys’ testes also begin to produce
sperm cells.
• Girls’ ovaries begin to develop egg
cells

8. PHYSICAL CHANGES
• rapid increase in height and weight.
• Changes in circulatory and respiratory systems.
• Body composition.
• Primary sex characteristics are changes directly related to sexual
reproduction:
- reproductive organs of both boys and girls grow and develop.
boys - experience their first release of seminal fluid or ejaculation
from the penis.
girls - experience menarche or the first release of blood and fluids
from the vagina, later called menstruation.

9. PHYSICAL CHANGES
• Secondary sex characteristics are changes not directly related to sexual reproduction.
Boys
• The voice becomes deeper.
• The Adam’s apple becomes bigger.
• The shoulders become wider than the hips.
• Hair grows on the face, body and pubic area.
• The skin on the upper arms and thighs becomes rough.
Girls
• Breasts develop.
• The hips become wider than the shoulders.
• Hair grows on the underarm and pubic area.

10. MENTAL OR INTELLECTUAL
CHANGES
• experience rapid mental development.
• changes in the structure of the brain.
• development of their intellectual ability makes adolescents less accepting of what others say.
• make better decisions because they can evaluate risks and rewards better.
• tendency to become bored with routine activities; they need to be challenged.
• already capable of thinking deeply.
• think less of themselves.
• control and coordinate their thoughts with their actions.
• focus their attention on what they want to listen to.
• improvement in adolescents’ memory and speed in thinking.

11. EMOTIONAL CHANGES
•more responsive to rewards and stress.
•more emotional and this makes them open to being
hurt or in danger.
•boys are also sexually active and become more
aggressive.
•girls become self-conscious because of the changes that
are happening to them that gives them a feeling of
insecurity.

12. SOCIAL CHANGES
• Very self- conscious. They consider approval of friends and
other adolescents or peers as very important.
• Enjoy being with friends, so they stay longer with them after
school.
• Friends who share the same interest with them.
• Adolescents who grow up with family members showing love,
guidance and support for each other are less likely to get
involved with bad company and engage in fights, vandalism,
smoking , drinking, or drug sessions.

13. MORAL-SPIRITUAL
CHANGES
• begin analyzing themselves during this stage.
• analyze their strengths and weaknesses.
• learn that house rules imposed by their parents are there to
promote order and harmony at home.
• begin to distinguish between rules that are negotiable and
those that are non-negotiable. Non-negotiable rules, like
smoking, are imposed because they are for their own good.
• boys and girls realize what they could become in the future.

14. REMEMBER!
• Changes that happen during puberty are normal to
adolescents.
• You have to know and understand these changes so that they
will not surprise nor scare you.
• They are a normal part of your growth and development as a
person.
• Learn how to cope with them in appropriate ways.