8. What is ADOLESCENCE
• Transition from childhood to adulthood
• Period of enormous physical,
mental / cognitive and
psychological
changes
WHAT IS ADOLESCENCE?
9. • begins with the appearance of secondary
sexual characteristics, and ending with the
cessation of bodily changes.
• From concrete thinking, develops capacity
for abstract and critical thinking
WHAT IS ADOLESCENCE?
10. What is PUBERTY
• Puberty is almost synonymous with
adolescence.
• it refers to the BIOLOGICAL CHANGES that
occur during the transition from childhood
to adulthood.
WHAT IS ADOLESCENCE?
11. What is PUBERTY
• Not an isolated event; represents a
transitional period on the continuum
between the juvenile state to adulthood.
• Is the appearance of secondary sexual
characteristics as a result of hormonal
stimulation (LH, FSH).
WHAT IS ADOLESCENCE?
12. When does puberty start?
CHANGES IN PUBERTY
• 1. Increase in height
• 2. Change in body shape
• 3. Voice change
• 4. Increased activity of sweat and
• sebaceous glands
• 5. Development of sex organs
• 6. Reaching mental, intellectual and
emotional maturity
13. When does puberty start?
Increase in Height
• The most conspicuous change during the
puberty is the sudden increase in height.
14. When does puberty start?
Change in Body Shape
• Boys
- The shoulders become broader
- The chest become wider
- The muscles of the body grow
prominently
• Girls
-The region below the waist
becomes wider
-The muscles of the body do not
grow prominently
15. When does puberty start?
Voice Change
• Boys
- Develop larger voice boxes.
- Deep and hoarse voice.
- Larynx is visible clearly.
• Girls
-high pitched voice
-larynx hardly visible
16. When does puberty start?
Increased Activity of Sweat and
Sebaceous Glands
• Many young people get acne and
pimples
17. When does puberty start?
Development of Sex Organs
• Boys
- The testes and penis develop
completely
- Testes begin to produce sperm
• Girls
-Ovaries enlarge and eggs begin to
mature
-menarche
18. When does puberty start?
Reaching Maturity
• Mental Maturity
- The time of one’s life when the brain has
the greatest capacity for learning.
• Intellectual Maturity
- The change in a person’s way of thinking
• Emotional Maturity
- A person may feel insecure while trying to
adjust to the changes in the body and mind.
19. When does puberty start?
Secondary Sexual Characteristics
• Boys
-begin to grow facial hair, that is
moustaches and beard
-Hair begin to grow on chest, under the
arms, thighs, and pubic regions
• Girls
-breast begin to develop
-Hair begin to grow under the arms, thighs,
and pubic regions
20. Hormonal Changes
HYPOTHALAMUS
Biological changes are influenced by hormonal actions .....
HORMONAL CHANGES
(GnRH or LnRH)
ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND
(FSH AND LH)
MALE AND FEMALE GONADAL SYSTEM
OVARIES (ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE)
TESTES (TESTOSTERONE)
21. Hormonal functions
FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH)
FEMALES
• Development of primary
ovarian follicles
• Activation of enzyme to
increase estrogen production
o development of breast and
genitalia
o Inc. In fat masss
o Endometrial proliferation
HORMONES
MALES
Stimulates gametogenesis
22. Hormonal functions
LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH)
FEMALES
• Androgen production
• Progesterone synthesis
o Converts proliferative
uterine endometrium to
secretory endometrium
o Promotes lobuloalveolar
development in breast
• Midcycle surge inducing
ovulation
HORMONES
MALES
• Testosterone production
o Development of genitalia
o Growth of body hair
o Laryngeal size with
deepening of voice
o Gland secretion of oil
o Enhances libido
o Muscle mass and red cell
mass
23. Factors that affect onset of puberty
• Heredity
• Nutrition
• Illness
Each adolescent has his/ her Unique Tempo!
Biological changes vary in time of appearance
and duration,
YET these changes fall into a definite and
predictable patterns
FACTORS AFFECTING ONSET
25. When does puberty start?
For girls
• Average at 10 years
• As early as 8 years
• As late as 13 years
WHEN DOES PUBERTY START?
26. MENARCHE
(START OF MENSETRUATION)
One lingering misconception is that menstruation marks the
beginning of puberty.
Menstruation is only one of the events to characterize this
stage
PUBARCHE
AXILLARY AND BODY HAIR GROWTH
Begins to grow between the ages 11 and 12 on the average growth
is completed by age 14
HIPS WIDEN
Females have wider pelvic outlet
natural adaptation for child bearing
THELARCHE
(ENLARGEMENT OF
BREASTS)
Starts between ages 8 and 13 ( ave. age of 11)
Completed bet. Ages 12 and 18 (ave. of 15)
GROWTH SPURT
Usually starts at about 10 ½; peaks at age 12
Growth spurt usually ends at age 14.
The average of 14, girls has already reached 98% of her adult
height.
GIRLS
GIRLS
27. When does puberty start?
For boys
• Average at 11 years
• As early as 9 years
• As late as 14 years
Consistently 2 years
later than girls
WHEN DOES PUBERTY START?
28. BOYS
BOYS
TESTES INCREASE
IN SIZE
Usually begins between ages 10 and 13.5 years
Male reproductive glands that produce sperm and male
hormones
PUBARCHE
AXILLARY FACIAL AND BODY HAIR GROWTH
Occurs between 10-15.
Finely textured hair later, long strands of curly hair appear at
penis base becomes darker, coarser and more curly as it
spreads over scrotum
PENILE GROWTH
Penile growth spurt occurs normally between ages 10.5
and 14.5 years
GROWTH SPURT
Height spurt occurs relatively later in boys than in girls;
average increase in height is age 14; he normally adds 3-
5inches to his height in a year in which he grows the fastest.
VOICE DEEPENS
Occurs relatively late in adolescence and often a gradual
process
Undergo two stages:
• Early voice changes occur prior to the first ejaculation
• Transition into a deep tonal voice after the appearance of
axillary hair and the period of maximum growth
EJACULATION
AT NIGHT
(WET DREAMS)
31. Cognitive development
• Develop advanced reasoning: multiple
options/ alternatives
• From concrete thinking, develops capacity
for abstract and critical thinking
— thinking about what is not seen, heard
or touched
— begins to comprehend concepts
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
32. Effects
• Becomes cause oriented; idealistic
• Becomes justice- oriented
• Daydreams a lot
DEVELOPMENTAL EFFECTS
34. Effects
FEELING OF
INVINCIBILITY
“It can never happen to me”
“ I will not get addicted”
“ I will not get pregnant or I
will not get her pregnant
because it happened only
once
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
36. Psychosocial Changes
“Tasks” of adolescence
• Identity
• Independence
• Intimacy
• Sexuality
DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
37. “Tasks” of adolescence
TASKS
• Form own identity
• Develop
independence from
parents
EFFECT
• Will try new ideas,
behaviors; multiple
interests
• Will challenge
parent’s values
• More time with
friends
• Will want privacy
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
38. “Tasks” in adolescence
• Intimacy (peer
relationships)
• Accept own
sexuality
• Adopt the values of
peers;
• Maybe pressured
into risk-taking
behaviors
• Curious about sex
• May experiment
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
TASKS EFFECT
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early
adolescenc
e growth spurt
and secondary sexual
characteristics develop
10-13 Y/O (FEMALES AGES 8-13; MALES -10-14)
43. Starts to move to peers;
Vacillates between clinging and rebellion to family;
Strives for independence;
Maybe confused, preoccupied with body, wonders
“am I normal”
early
adolescenc
e
10-13 Y/O (FEMALES AGES 8-13; MALES -10-14)
44. 9/27/2023 Free template from www.brainybetty.com 44
mid
adolescenc
e independence
identity experimentation
relationships with peers and
the opposite sex
14-16 Y/O (FEMALES AGES 13-16; MALES -14-17)
45. adolescenc
e
14-16 Y/O (FEMALES AGES 13-16; MALES -14-17)
Continues effort to establish separate
identity from parents
Often becomes idealistic and altruistic
Interested in dating, exploring sex
Loves intensely, “desperately”
Continues to develop abstract thinking
mid
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late
adolescenc
e
development of morals
and belief systems
17-19 Y/O (FEMALES AGES 13-16; MALES -14-17)
47. 9/27/2023 Free template from www.brainybetty.com 47
Declares independence
Establishes a set body image
Loves more realistically, develops commitment
Peer group becomes less important, more
selective of friends
Defines life’s goals
late
adolescenc
e
17-19 Y/O (FEMALES AGES 13-16; MALES -14-17)
