Chemistry - Plastics
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
1 like•1,011 views
Ford uses recycled plastic bottles to make automobile seats. The article details how Ford works with partners to collect plastic bottles which are then ground up and turned into fibers that can be woven like fabric. This material is 30% lighter than traditional seat materials while providing the same comfort. Using recycled plastic bottles helps Ford meet sustainability goals and diverts waste from landfills.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Chemistry - Plastics
Ford is using recycled plastic bottles to make car seats. Specifically, Ford shreds used plastic bottles and mixes them with other materials to form pellets that can then be heated and molded into car seat parts like seat backs, armrests, and headrests. This allows Ford to use recycled materials in their vehicles while reducing waste.
Plastics Chemistry
Ford uses recycled plastic bottles to make vehicle seats. Specifically, Ford grinds down used plastic bottles into pellet form and mixes them with virgin resin to create durable seat material. This allows Ford to reduce waste while incorporating sustainable materials into vehicle production. Using recycled plastic bottles eliminates millions of bottles from landfills each year. The material made from recycled bottles is as durable as traditional seat material but has a higher recycled content.
plastic bags
This document provides an overview of plastics, including their history, chemical structure, and types. It discusses how plastics are typically polymers made from monomers that can be shaped when heated. The first human-made plastic was called Parkesine and was patented in 1856. Plastics have evolved from using natural materials to completely synthetic molecules like bakelite and polyethylene. Common plastics range from 20,000 to 500,000 molecular weight and are made of carbon and hydrogen backbones with other elements hanging off to customize properties. The document concludes with a call to stop using plastics.
The Environmental Behaviour Of Polymers
Degradation refers to changes in a polymer's properties due to environmental factors like heat, light, and chemicals. Degradation can be undesirable through cracking or chemical breakdown, but it can also be desirable through controlled biodegradation for recycling. The three main types of degradation are photodegradation from light, thermal degradation at high temperatures, and chemical degradation through hydrolysis. Anti-degradants like waxes protect polymers by preventing contact with oxygen. Environmental degradation depletes resources and destroys habitats, while environmental stress cracking causes unexpected brittle failure in plastics exposed to liquids. A polymer's structure, branching, cross-linking, and functional groups affect its reactivity and properties.
Biodegradable Polymers
In the recent years, bio-based and biodegradable products have raised great interest since sustainable development policies tend to expand with the decreasing reserve of fossil fuel and the growing concern for the environment. Bio-Polymers are a form of polymers derived from plant sources such as sweet potatoes, soya bean oil, sugarcane, hemp oil, and corn starch. These polymers are naturally degraded by the action of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and algae. Bio-plastics can help alleviate the energy crisis as well as reduce the dependence on fossil fuels of our society. They have some remarkable properties which make it suitable for different applications. This paper tries to give an insight about Bio-plastics, their composition, preparation, properties, special cases, advantages disadvantages, commercial viability, its life cycle, marketing and pricing of these products.
As a result, the market of these environmentally friendly materials is in rapid expansion,
10 –20 % per year.
Plastics Chemistry
Ford uses recycled plastic bottles to make vehicle seats. The article details how Ford shreds used plastic bottles and mixes them with other materials to form pellets that can then be molded into car seat parts. This allows Ford to incorporate recycled materials into their vehicle components in an eco-friendly way. Using plastic bottles diverts waste from landfills and reduces Ford's carbon footprint.
Thermal degradation ppt of polymers
Thermal degradation of polymers occurs when heat causes polymers to lose desirable properties through mechanisms like initiation, propagation, and termination of degradation reactions. Initiation involves loss of hydrogen from the polymer chain forming reactive radicals. Propagation involves these radicals reacting with oxygen and removing hydrogen from other chains. Termination occurs when radicals combine or are stabilized. Thermal degradation can happen through depolymerization, random chain scission, or side group elimination depending on the polymer. Methods like TGA, DTA, and DSC are used to study the mechanisms and reactions, and stabilizers or inert environments can help remedy degradation.
Biodegradable polymer, copolymer & composites
This document discusses various types of biodegradable polymers, including hydro-biodegradable polymers, biodegradable copolymers like graft and block copolymers, and biodegradable composites. It provides details on hydro-biodegradable polymers which degrade through hydrolysis. Graft copolymers are discussed where side chains are attached to the main polymer chain. Block copolymers contain long sequences of different monomers joined together. Common biodegradable composites include those made from polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and thermoplastic starch reinforced with natural fibers.
Recommended
Chemistry - Plastics
Ford is using recycled plastic bottles to make car seats. Specifically, Ford shreds used plastic bottles and mixes them with other materials to form pellets that can then be heated and molded into car seat parts like seat backs, armrests, and headrests. This allows Ford to use recycled materials in their vehicles while reducing waste.
Plastics Chemistry
Ford uses recycled plastic bottles to make vehicle seats. Specifically, Ford grinds down used plastic bottles into pellet form and mixes them with virgin resin to create durable seat material. This allows Ford to reduce waste while incorporating sustainable materials into vehicle production. Using recycled plastic bottles eliminates millions of bottles from landfills each year. The material made from recycled bottles is as durable as traditional seat material but has a higher recycled content.
plastic bags
This document provides an overview of plastics, including their history, chemical structure, and types. It discusses how plastics are typically polymers made from monomers that can be shaped when heated. The first human-made plastic was called Parkesine and was patented in 1856. Plastics have evolved from using natural materials to completely synthetic molecules like bakelite and polyethylene. Common plastics range from 20,000 to 500,000 molecular weight and are made of carbon and hydrogen backbones with other elements hanging off to customize properties. The document concludes with a call to stop using plastics.
The Environmental Behaviour Of Polymers
Degradation refers to changes in a polymer's properties due to environmental factors like heat, light, and chemicals. Degradation can be undesirable through cracking or chemical breakdown, but it can also be desirable through controlled biodegradation for recycling. The three main types of degradation are photodegradation from light, thermal degradation at high temperatures, and chemical degradation through hydrolysis. Anti-degradants like waxes protect polymers by preventing contact with oxygen. Environmental degradation depletes resources and destroys habitats, while environmental stress cracking causes unexpected brittle failure in plastics exposed to liquids. A polymer's structure, branching, cross-linking, and functional groups affect its reactivity and properties.
Biodegradable Polymers
In the recent years, bio-based and biodegradable products have raised great interest since sustainable development policies tend to expand with the decreasing reserve of fossil fuel and the growing concern for the environment. Bio-Polymers are a form of polymers derived from plant sources such as sweet potatoes, soya bean oil, sugarcane, hemp oil, and corn starch. These polymers are naturally degraded by the action of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and algae. Bio-plastics can help alleviate the energy crisis as well as reduce the dependence on fossil fuels of our society. They have some remarkable properties which make it suitable for different applications. This paper tries to give an insight about Bio-plastics, their composition, preparation, properties, special cases, advantages disadvantages, commercial viability, its life cycle, marketing and pricing of these products.
As a result, the market of these environmentally friendly materials is in rapid expansion,
10 –20 % per year.
Plastics Chemistry
Ford uses recycled plastic bottles to make vehicle seats. The article details how Ford shreds used plastic bottles and mixes them with other materials to form pellets that can then be molded into car seat parts. This allows Ford to incorporate recycled materials into their vehicle components in an eco-friendly way. Using plastic bottles diverts waste from landfills and reduces Ford's carbon footprint.
Thermal degradation ppt of polymers
Thermal degradation of polymers occurs when heat causes polymers to lose desirable properties through mechanisms like initiation, propagation, and termination of degradation reactions. Initiation involves loss of hydrogen from the polymer chain forming reactive radicals. Propagation involves these radicals reacting with oxygen and removing hydrogen from other chains. Termination occurs when radicals combine or are stabilized. Thermal degradation can happen through depolymerization, random chain scission, or side group elimination depending on the polymer. Methods like TGA, DTA, and DSC are used to study the mechanisms and reactions, and stabilizers or inert environments can help remedy degradation.
Biodegradable polymer, copolymer & composites
This document discusses various types of biodegradable polymers, including hydro-biodegradable polymers, biodegradable copolymers like graft and block copolymers, and biodegradable composites. It provides details on hydro-biodegradable polymers which degrade through hydrolysis. Graft copolymers are discussed where side chains are attached to the main polymer chain. Block copolymers contain long sequences of different monomers joined together. Common biodegradable composites include those made from polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and thermoplastic starch reinforced with natural fibers.
Polymer degradation
Polymer degradation is the breakdown of polymers or plastics into smaller molecules due to effects of heat, light, chemicals, or biological activity. There are several types of polymer degradation including photodegradation caused by light, thermal degradation caused by heat, chemical degradation through processes like hydrolysis and solvolysis using acids/bases, and biological degradation by microorganisms. Biodegradable polymers can break down through biological processes to give smaller molecules but require proper conditions like in compost to fully degrade.
Sustainability Assessment of The Hammerman Plastic Sheet Piling
Sustainability Assessment of The Hammerman Plastic Sheet PilingThe Hammerman Equipment Plastic Piling Co. Ltd
Sustainability of the product is becoming a crucial factor for success in the market. Sustainability theory and methods are quite general. This research constitutes a serious attempt to assess the sustainability of plastic sheet piling, and calculate the product carbon footprint. In the case of plastic sheet piling no significant previous research has been done to address sustainability. The product lifecycle including stages such as raw material production, manufacturing, transportation, installation, and disposal/recycling, and its related supply chain have been analysed in detail to identify those factors that have impact on the product carbon footprint and the three main dimensions of sustainability: environmental, social and economic. The installation stage, which is not normally addressed in this kind of studies, has been assessed by the development of a case study.Presentation1 (2)
This document discusses different types of biodegradable plastics, including oxo-biodegradable plastics made from petroleum or organic carbon and hydro-biodegradable plastics that are synthetic polyesters or contain some renewable organic carbon. It notes that biodegradable plastics are engineered to fully degrade and biodegrade after use, returning the carbon to the natural carbon cycle. The document also outlines options for managing biodegradable plastics through recycling, composting, or landfilling and questions whether zero waste is possible by diverting compostable plastics from landfills.
Polymers in daily life
This document discusses polymers and their uses in daily life. It begins by defining polymers as large molecules composed of repeating structural units. Common synthetic polymers mentioned include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, and nylon. The document then focuses on poly lactic acid (PLA), describing its production from renewable resources like corn starch, its properties, and its biodegradability. PLA has various applications in agriculture, medicine, packaging and textiles. While PLA production reduces fossil fuel usage, it also releases carbon dioxide and methane during degradation. Overall, the document provides an overview of polymers with a detailed focus on production, properties and uses of the biodegradable polymer PLA.
Hdpe
Rudrashis Biswas wrote a report on high density polyethylene (HDPE) for their 5th semester chemical engineering course. The report defined HDPE as a thermoplastic polymer produced from ethylene monomer. It discussed the history of HDPE's invention in the 1950s using catalysts. The report also covered the physical and chemical properties, production, applications, and advantages of HDPE, which include its strength, durability, recyclability, and resistance to chemicals and corrosion. It concluded with current and projected growth in global HDPE production and markets.
Plastics .ppt
Hi i'am Sean , i study in OUR OWN ENGLISH HIGH SCHOOL .This is a power point on plastics , to help us understand what is a plastic , what are the types of plastic and what harm do they cause to our environment
البحث الخامس Libre
This document discusses the development of novel biopolymer blends based on poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), poly((R)-3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), and a plasticizer. PLLA has disadvantages like brittleness and a high glass transition temperature, making it unsuitable for food packaging. The researcher developed blends of PLLA, PHB, and tributyl citrate (TBC) plasticizer. The addition of PHB and TBC was found to increase polymer chain mobility, decrease the glass transition temperature of PLLA, and result in smaller spherulites. Characterization techniques showed the blends were miscible and PHB enhanced crystallization behavior by acting as
Plastics
The document discusses plastics and their use in engineering design. It begins by defining plastics as materials that can be shaped and molded, derived from the Greek word "Plastikos." It then covers advantages of using plastics like light weight, strength, and low cost. The document discusses various plastic materials, their properties, applications, and manufacturing methods like injection molding and rotational molding.
Thesis Defense-2
This document summarizes Christopher Fenoli's research on the synthesis of novel trithiocarbonate monomers and their application in covalent adaptable networks (CANs). Specifically, it discusses the development of a facile synthetic approach to create trithiocarbonate and allyl sulfide monomers, exploration of how monomer structure affects stress relaxation in polymer networks, and implementation of the new monomers in photo-responsive and stimuli-responsive polymer networks for applications like on-demand adhesives.
BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF POLYMERS
Synthetic polymers have many applications in biomedical fields such as bone fracture repair, hip joint replacements, ligaments, tendons, contact lenses, sutures, and burn treatments. Polymers are used where biostability is needed for long-term implants, as biodegradable temporary implants, or as water soluble components of blood substitutes. Common polymers used include PMMA, PGA, PCL, silicone, PUs, nylon and polyacrylates which are chosen based on their mechanical properties, biocompatibility and degradation time frame needed for the application. The variety of polymers and their applications in biomedicine has grown tremendously and is expected to continue expanding to improve medical treatments.
PLASTIC
Plastic is a synthetic material made from organic polymers that can be molded into various shapes. There are two main types of plastics: thermoplastics and thermoset plastics. Thermoplastics soften when heated and harden when cooled, allowing them to be remolded and recycled. Thermoset plastics harden permanently once molded. Plastics have a variety of applications due to their properties like corrosion resistance, low cost, and ability to be molded into complex shapes. However, they also have weaknesses like low strength and sensitivity to heat and chemicals.
Polymers application on Medical Field
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on polymers used in the medical field. It discusses various bioplastics like PCL and PLA, as well as polymers used in medical devices and implants such as PEEK, which is used in spinal fusion devices. It also covers applications of polymers in general surgery as suture materials and surgical meshes, as well as uses in opthalmology like contact lenses and intraocular lenses. The document provides details on the properties and medical uses of these various polymers.
Plastic waste management
The document discusses various types and properties of plastics, environmental issues caused by plastic waste, and different plastic waste management methods including recycling, conversion to solid or liquid fuels, and use of degradable plastics. It describes primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary recycling. Methods for sorting, processing, and recycling plastic waste are outlined, along with production of refuse derived fuel and conversion of plastics to gaseous and liquid fuels through pyrolysis or gasification. Co-processing plastic waste in cement kilns and plasma pyrolysis are also summarized.
Polymers
This document discusses polymers and their uses in drug delivery. Polymers are long chain organic molecules made of smaller repeating units called monomers. They are widely used in drug delivery for purposes like binding tablets, controlling viscosity and flow, film coating, and modifying drug release. Polymers can be natural like proteins and polysaccharides, or synthetic like biodegradable polymers like PLGA or non-biodegradable polymers like cellulose derivatives. Their properties depend on characteristics like chain length, side groups, branching, and cross-linking. Polymers are increasingly important in controlled drug delivery.
Eco-industrial park and cleaner production
1. Industrial ecology is the study of material and energy flows through industrial systems.
2. It takes a multidisciplinary approach and examines issues from perspectives involving the environment, society, economics, and technology to promote sustainable development.
3. The goal is to shift industrial processes from linear open loop systems that produce waste, to closed loop systems where wastes can be used as inputs for new processes.
Introduction to Polymers
This document discusses polymers and their classification and applications. It begins with defining polymers as large molecules formed by linking repeating structural units through covalent bonds, in a process called polymerization. Polymers are classified as natural, semi-synthetic, or synthetic, and as linear, branched, or cross-linked. Thermoplastics are linear or slightly branched polymers that soften on heating and harden on cooling, while thermosettings are heavily cross-linked polymers that set during molding. Common applications described include polyethylene in packaging, polypropylene in packaging and labeling, and polystyrene in containers and disposable items.
Hydrogels
Hydrogels are cross-linked polymer networks that can absorb large amounts of water. They come in natural and synthetic varieties. Hydrogels can be classified based on their synthesis method (homopolymer, copolymer, multipolymer), structure (amorphous, semi-crystalline, hydrogen-bonded), or electric charge (non-ionic, ionic, amphoteric, zwitterionic). Hydrogels have properties like high absorption capacity and biodegradability. They have a wide range of applications including use in contact lenses, hygiene products, wound dressings, and drug delivery.
Smart polymers
Smart polymers undergo reversible physical or chemical changes in response to small environmental variations such as temperature, pH, light, or enzymes. Temperature-responsive polymers include shape-memory materials, liquid crystalline materials, and responsive polymer solutions. Polymers like poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) undergo a phase change at a lower critical solution temperature, while some exhibit an upper critical solution temperature. Photo-responsive polymers change properties like conformation or polarity when exposed to light. Magnetically-responsive polymers contain superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and change properties in the presence of a magnetic field.
Biocompatible Polymers
This document discusses biocompatible polymers. It begins by defining polymers as macromolecules formed from repeating structural units called monomers. Polymers can be classified based on their structure, mode of polymerization, molecular forces, degradability, and source. Biocompatible polymers are synthetic or natural polymers used in contact with living tissue or to replace parts of the body. They must be non-toxic, chemically inert, and able to withstand biological environments. Common applications of biocompatible polymers include tissue scaffolds, drug delivery systems, medical devices, and coatings to improve blood compatibility. Examples of specific biocompatible polymers and their applications are also provided.
Synthetic polymers chemistry
Polymers are large molecules composed of repeating structural units called monomers connected by covalent bonds. There are two types of polymers: natural polymers found in living things, and synthetic polymers created through chemical processes. Some key points:
- Synthetic polymers can be divided into plastics, fibers, and elastomers. Common plastics include polyethylene, polyamide, and nylon.
- Polymer properties depend on factors like chain length, side groups, and cross-linking. Different polymers have various advantages and disadvantages for applications.
- Non-biodegradable synthetic polymers cause pollution problems if not properly disposed of or recycled. Methods to address this include reuse, reduction, recycling, and developing biode
Plastic chemical
Plastics are a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic compounds that are malleable and so can be molded into solid objects. Plasticity is the general property of all materials which can deform irreversibly without breaking but, in the class of moldable polymers, this occurs to such a degree that their actual name derives from this specific ability.
PLASTICS.pdf ALL ABOUT THE JOURNEY OF PLASTICS
Plastics are a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic materials that use polymers as a main ingredient. Their plasticity makes it possible for plastics to be moulded, extruded or pressed into solid objects of various shapes. This adaptability, plus a wide range of other properties, such as being lightweight, durable, flexible, and inexpensive to produce, has led to its widespread use. Plastics typically are made through human industrial systems. Most modern plastics are derived from fossil fuel-based chemicals like natural gas or petroleum; however, recent industrial methods use variants made from renewable materials, such as corn or cotton derivatives.[1]
9.2 billion tonnes of plastic are estimated to have been made between 1950 and 2017. More than half this plastic has been produced since 2004. In 2020, 400 million tonnes of plastic were produced.[2] If global trends on plastic demand continue, it is estimated that by 2050 annual global plastic production will reach over 1.1 billion tonnes.
The success and dominance of plastics starting in the early 20th century has caused widespread environmental problems,[3] due to their slow decomposition rate in natural ecosystems. Most plastic produced has not been reused, or is incapable of reuse, either being captured in landfills or persisting in the environment as plastic pollution and microplastics. Plastic pollution can be found in all the world's major water bodies, for example, creating garbage patches in all of the world's oceans and contaminating terrestrial ecosystems. Of all the plastic discarded so far, some 14% has been incinerated and less than 10% has been recycled.[2]
In developed economies, about a third of plastic is used in packaging and roughly the same in buildings in applications such as piping, plumbing or vinyl siding.[4] Other uses include automobiles (up to 20% plastic[4]), furniture, and toys.[4] In the developing world, the applications of plastic may differ; 42% of India's consumption is used in packaging.[4] In the medical field, polymer implants and other medical devices are derived at least partially from plastic. Worldwide, about 50 kg of plastic is produced annually per person, with production doubling every ten years.
The world's first fully synthetic plastic was Bakelite, invented in New York in 1907, by Leo Baekeland,[5] who coined the term "plastics".[6] Dozens of different types of plastics are produced today, such as polyethylene, which is widely used in product packaging, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), used in construction and pipes because of its strength and durability. Many chemists have contributed to the materials science of plastics, including Nobel laureate Hermann Staudinger, who has been called "the father of polymer chemistry," and Herman Mark, known as "the father of polymer physics"The word plastic derives from the Greek πλαστικός (plastikos) meaning "capable of being shaped or molded," and in turn from πλαστός (plastos) meaning "molded."
More Related Content
What's hot
Polymer degradation
Polymer degradation is the breakdown of polymers or plastics into smaller molecules due to effects of heat, light, chemicals, or biological activity. There are several types of polymer degradation including photodegradation caused by light, thermal degradation caused by heat, chemical degradation through processes like hydrolysis and solvolysis using acids/bases, and biological degradation by microorganisms. Biodegradable polymers can break down through biological processes to give smaller molecules but require proper conditions like in compost to fully degrade.
Sustainability Assessment of The Hammerman Plastic Sheet Piling
Sustainability Assessment of The Hammerman Plastic Sheet PilingThe Hammerman Equipment Plastic Piling Co. Ltd
Sustainability of the product is becoming a crucial factor for success in the market. Sustainability theory and methods are quite general. This research constitutes a serious attempt to assess the sustainability of plastic sheet piling, and calculate the product carbon footprint. In the case of plastic sheet piling no significant previous research has been done to address sustainability. The product lifecycle including stages such as raw material production, manufacturing, transportation, installation, and disposal/recycling, and its related supply chain have been analysed in detail to identify those factors that have impact on the product carbon footprint and the three main dimensions of sustainability: environmental, social and economic. The installation stage, which is not normally addressed in this kind of studies, has been assessed by the development of a case study.Presentation1 (2)
This document discusses different types of biodegradable plastics, including oxo-biodegradable plastics made from petroleum or organic carbon and hydro-biodegradable plastics that are synthetic polyesters or contain some renewable organic carbon. It notes that biodegradable plastics are engineered to fully degrade and biodegrade after use, returning the carbon to the natural carbon cycle. The document also outlines options for managing biodegradable plastics through recycling, composting, or landfilling and questions whether zero waste is possible by diverting compostable plastics from landfills.
Polymers in daily life
This document discusses polymers and their uses in daily life. It begins by defining polymers as large molecules composed of repeating structural units. Common synthetic polymers mentioned include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, and nylon. The document then focuses on poly lactic acid (PLA), describing its production from renewable resources like corn starch, its properties, and its biodegradability. PLA has various applications in agriculture, medicine, packaging and textiles. While PLA production reduces fossil fuel usage, it also releases carbon dioxide and methane during degradation. Overall, the document provides an overview of polymers with a detailed focus on production, properties and uses of the biodegradable polymer PLA.
Hdpe
Rudrashis Biswas wrote a report on high density polyethylene (HDPE) for their 5th semester chemical engineering course. The report defined HDPE as a thermoplastic polymer produced from ethylene monomer. It discussed the history of HDPE's invention in the 1950s using catalysts. The report also covered the physical and chemical properties, production, applications, and advantages of HDPE, which include its strength, durability, recyclability, and resistance to chemicals and corrosion. It concluded with current and projected growth in global HDPE production and markets.
Plastics .ppt
Hi i'am Sean , i study in OUR OWN ENGLISH HIGH SCHOOL .This is a power point on plastics , to help us understand what is a plastic , what are the types of plastic and what harm do they cause to our environment
البحث الخامس Libre
This document discusses the development of novel biopolymer blends based on poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), poly((R)-3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), and a plasticizer. PLLA has disadvantages like brittleness and a high glass transition temperature, making it unsuitable for food packaging. The researcher developed blends of PLLA, PHB, and tributyl citrate (TBC) plasticizer. The addition of PHB and TBC was found to increase polymer chain mobility, decrease the glass transition temperature of PLLA, and result in smaller spherulites. Characterization techniques showed the blends were miscible and PHB enhanced crystallization behavior by acting as
Plastics
The document discusses plastics and their use in engineering design. It begins by defining plastics as materials that can be shaped and molded, derived from the Greek word "Plastikos." It then covers advantages of using plastics like light weight, strength, and low cost. The document discusses various plastic materials, their properties, applications, and manufacturing methods like injection molding and rotational molding.
Thesis Defense-2
This document summarizes Christopher Fenoli's research on the synthesis of novel trithiocarbonate monomers and their application in covalent adaptable networks (CANs). Specifically, it discusses the development of a facile synthetic approach to create trithiocarbonate and allyl sulfide monomers, exploration of how monomer structure affects stress relaxation in polymer networks, and implementation of the new monomers in photo-responsive and stimuli-responsive polymer networks for applications like on-demand adhesives.
BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF POLYMERS
Synthetic polymers have many applications in biomedical fields such as bone fracture repair, hip joint replacements, ligaments, tendons, contact lenses, sutures, and burn treatments. Polymers are used where biostability is needed for long-term implants, as biodegradable temporary implants, or as water soluble components of blood substitutes. Common polymers used include PMMA, PGA, PCL, silicone, PUs, nylon and polyacrylates which are chosen based on their mechanical properties, biocompatibility and degradation time frame needed for the application. The variety of polymers and their applications in biomedicine has grown tremendously and is expected to continue expanding to improve medical treatments.
PLASTIC
Plastic is a synthetic material made from organic polymers that can be molded into various shapes. There are two main types of plastics: thermoplastics and thermoset plastics. Thermoplastics soften when heated and harden when cooled, allowing them to be remolded and recycled. Thermoset plastics harden permanently once molded. Plastics have a variety of applications due to their properties like corrosion resistance, low cost, and ability to be molded into complex shapes. However, they also have weaknesses like low strength and sensitivity to heat and chemicals.
Polymers application on Medical Field
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on polymers used in the medical field. It discusses various bioplastics like PCL and PLA, as well as polymers used in medical devices and implants such as PEEK, which is used in spinal fusion devices. It also covers applications of polymers in general surgery as suture materials and surgical meshes, as well as uses in opthalmology like contact lenses and intraocular lenses. The document provides details on the properties and medical uses of these various polymers.
Plastic waste management
The document discusses various types and properties of plastics, environmental issues caused by plastic waste, and different plastic waste management methods including recycling, conversion to solid or liquid fuels, and use of degradable plastics. It describes primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary recycling. Methods for sorting, processing, and recycling plastic waste are outlined, along with production of refuse derived fuel and conversion of plastics to gaseous and liquid fuels through pyrolysis or gasification. Co-processing plastic waste in cement kilns and plasma pyrolysis are also summarized.
Polymers
This document discusses polymers and their uses in drug delivery. Polymers are long chain organic molecules made of smaller repeating units called monomers. They are widely used in drug delivery for purposes like binding tablets, controlling viscosity and flow, film coating, and modifying drug release. Polymers can be natural like proteins and polysaccharides, or synthetic like biodegradable polymers like PLGA or non-biodegradable polymers like cellulose derivatives. Their properties depend on characteristics like chain length, side groups, branching, and cross-linking. Polymers are increasingly important in controlled drug delivery.
Eco-industrial park and cleaner production
1. Industrial ecology is the study of material and energy flows through industrial systems.
2. It takes a multidisciplinary approach and examines issues from perspectives involving the environment, society, economics, and technology to promote sustainable development.
3. The goal is to shift industrial processes from linear open loop systems that produce waste, to closed loop systems where wastes can be used as inputs for new processes.
Introduction to Polymers
This document discusses polymers and their classification and applications. It begins with defining polymers as large molecules formed by linking repeating structural units through covalent bonds, in a process called polymerization. Polymers are classified as natural, semi-synthetic, or synthetic, and as linear, branched, or cross-linked. Thermoplastics are linear or slightly branched polymers that soften on heating and harden on cooling, while thermosettings are heavily cross-linked polymers that set during molding. Common applications described include polyethylene in packaging, polypropylene in packaging and labeling, and polystyrene in containers and disposable items.
Hydrogels
Hydrogels are cross-linked polymer networks that can absorb large amounts of water. They come in natural and synthetic varieties. Hydrogels can be classified based on their synthesis method (homopolymer, copolymer, multipolymer), structure (amorphous, semi-crystalline, hydrogen-bonded), or electric charge (non-ionic, ionic, amphoteric, zwitterionic). Hydrogels have properties like high absorption capacity and biodegradability. They have a wide range of applications including use in contact lenses, hygiene products, wound dressings, and drug delivery.
Smart polymers
Smart polymers undergo reversible physical or chemical changes in response to small environmental variations such as temperature, pH, light, or enzymes. Temperature-responsive polymers include shape-memory materials, liquid crystalline materials, and responsive polymer solutions. Polymers like poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) undergo a phase change at a lower critical solution temperature, while some exhibit an upper critical solution temperature. Photo-responsive polymers change properties like conformation or polarity when exposed to light. Magnetically-responsive polymers contain superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and change properties in the presence of a magnetic field.
Biocompatible Polymers
This document discusses biocompatible polymers. It begins by defining polymers as macromolecules formed from repeating structural units called monomers. Polymers can be classified based on their structure, mode of polymerization, molecular forces, degradability, and source. Biocompatible polymers are synthetic or natural polymers used in contact with living tissue or to replace parts of the body. They must be non-toxic, chemically inert, and able to withstand biological environments. Common applications of biocompatible polymers include tissue scaffolds, drug delivery systems, medical devices, and coatings to improve blood compatibility. Examples of specific biocompatible polymers and their applications are also provided.
Synthetic polymers chemistry
Polymers are large molecules composed of repeating structural units called monomers connected by covalent bonds. There are two types of polymers: natural polymers found in living things, and synthetic polymers created through chemical processes. Some key points:
- Synthetic polymers can be divided into plastics, fibers, and elastomers. Common plastics include polyethylene, polyamide, and nylon.
- Polymer properties depend on factors like chain length, side groups, and cross-linking. Different polymers have various advantages and disadvantages for applications.
- Non-biodegradable synthetic polymers cause pollution problems if not properly disposed of or recycled. Methods to address this include reuse, reduction, recycling, and developing biode
What's hot (20)
Sustainability Assessment of The Hammerman Plastic Sheet Piling
Sustainability Assessment of The Hammerman Plastic Sheet Piling
Similar to Chemistry - Plastics
Plastic chemical
Plastics are a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic compounds that are malleable and so can be molded into solid objects. Plasticity is the general property of all materials which can deform irreversibly without breaking but, in the class of moldable polymers, this occurs to such a degree that their actual name derives from this specific ability.
PLASTICS.pdf ALL ABOUT THE JOURNEY OF PLASTICS
Plastics are a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic materials that use polymers as a main ingredient. Their plasticity makes it possible for plastics to be moulded, extruded or pressed into solid objects of various shapes. This adaptability, plus a wide range of other properties, such as being lightweight, durable, flexible, and inexpensive to produce, has led to its widespread use. Plastics typically are made through human industrial systems. Most modern plastics are derived from fossil fuel-based chemicals like natural gas or petroleum; however, recent industrial methods use variants made from renewable materials, such as corn or cotton derivatives.[1]
9.2 billion tonnes of plastic are estimated to have been made between 1950 and 2017. More than half this plastic has been produced since 2004. In 2020, 400 million tonnes of plastic were produced.[2] If global trends on plastic demand continue, it is estimated that by 2050 annual global plastic production will reach over 1.1 billion tonnes.
The success and dominance of plastics starting in the early 20th century has caused widespread environmental problems,[3] due to their slow decomposition rate in natural ecosystems. Most plastic produced has not been reused, or is incapable of reuse, either being captured in landfills or persisting in the environment as plastic pollution and microplastics. Plastic pollution can be found in all the world's major water bodies, for example, creating garbage patches in all of the world's oceans and contaminating terrestrial ecosystems. Of all the plastic discarded so far, some 14% has been incinerated and less than 10% has been recycled.[2]
In developed economies, about a third of plastic is used in packaging and roughly the same in buildings in applications such as piping, plumbing or vinyl siding.[4] Other uses include automobiles (up to 20% plastic[4]), furniture, and toys.[4] In the developing world, the applications of plastic may differ; 42% of India's consumption is used in packaging.[4] In the medical field, polymer implants and other medical devices are derived at least partially from plastic. Worldwide, about 50 kg of plastic is produced annually per person, with production doubling every ten years.
The world's first fully synthetic plastic was Bakelite, invented in New York in 1907, by Leo Baekeland,[5] who coined the term "plastics".[6] Dozens of different types of plastics are produced today, such as polyethylene, which is widely used in product packaging, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), used in construction and pipes because of its strength and durability. Many chemists have contributed to the materials science of plastics, including Nobel laureate Hermann Staudinger, who has been called "the father of polymer chemistry," and Herman Mark, known as "the father of polymer physics"The word plastic derives from the Greek πλαστικός (plastikos) meaning "capable of being shaped or molded," and in turn from πλαστός (plastos) meaning "molded."
A Glimpse of Industrial polymers
Many materials in day to day use are made from natural and synthetic polymers as constituents. Polymer based industries are products of research and development.
Waste Management Of Polymer and Its Application
Waste Management of Polymer
Polymer's Application in;
1. Packaging
2. Automobile
3. Agricultures
4. Engineering
Polymers Meyer (2014) suggests that a contemporary culture could n.docx
Polymers Meyer (2014) suggests that a contemporary culture could not long endure without the goods or products that the polymer industry provides (p. 607). These polymeric products include clothing, household/office, indoor and outdoor gadgets, and furnishings that are manufactured from natural and synthetic polymers. Polymers are not ordinarily considered hazardous materials since they are stable at ambient conditions; however, most of the products burn and produce toxic gases (Meyer, 2014). Because of their widespread use, it is of benefit to understand why and how they can pose hazards, especially during fires. For this unit, we will study the features and structural characteristics of commonly encountered polymers as well as the hazards that they pose when they burn. What are polymers? The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) education website defines polymers as substances or macromolecules that “are composed of very large molecules with molecular weights ranging from a few thousand to as high as millions of grams/mole” (n.d., para. 1). For additional information on polymers, visit http://www.iupac.org/polyedu/page33/page33.html. The structure of a macromolecule is essentially comprised of multiple repetitions of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low molecular mass. Polymers can be natural or synthetic, but most of us probably associate polymers with the synthetic ones such as plastic. Examples of natural polymers include protein, starch, cellulose, and DNA that make up most of the structures of living tissue. Synthetic polymers include polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polycarbonate, and polyethylene. UNIT VII STUDY GUIDE Chemistry of Toxic Substances BOS 3640, Interactions of Hazardous Materials 2 UNIT x STUDY GUIDE Title Types of synthetic polymers: Synthetic polymers are often referred to as plastics, and most of them can be classified into the categories of elastomers, thermoplastics, and thermosets: Thermoplastics are polymers that soften when heated but return to their original condition on cooling to ambient temperature (e.g., polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene). Thermosets are polymers that cannot be remolded once they have solidified, such as polyurethane. Elastomers have elasticity like rubber (Polymer Science Learning Center, 2005). Polymerization is the chemical reaction during which monomers are linked and cross-linked to form polymers. The polymerization reaction is characterized by the macromolecule/polymer that is produced (see Figures 14.1 and 14.2 of the textbook). According to Meyer (2014), chemists have found when they examined the three-dimensional structure of polymers that the chains of repeating units are invariably cross-linked as shown in Figure 14.3 of the textbook. Note the following information about polymers: Intentional cross-linking technique for polymers is used during the production of thermoset plastics to make the polymer denser, stronger, and even elastic.
Plastis
Plastic is any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic materials that are moldable. Most plastics are derived from petrochemicals but some are partially natural. Plastics have a variety of properties including strength, flexibility, durability and the ability to be easily molded. There are two main types of plastics - thermoplastics, which soften when heated and can be reshaped, and thermosets, which cannot be reshaped after manufacture. Common plastics include polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene, and polypropylene, each with different chemical compositions and physical properties used in a wide range of applications.
Plastic
This document discusses plastics, including what they are, their history, common types and uses. It also discusses how plastics can be prevented from polluting the environment through reduction, control and proper disposal methods. Reduction involves redesigning plastic products to use less material and reusing items more. Control involves ensuring plastics from industrial and household waste are properly contained and disposed of in landfills or recycling. Legislation also prohibits dumping plastics at sea. With improved management practices, the amount of plastic marine debris can be reduced.
Plastic
This document discusses plastics, including what they are, their history, common types and uses. It also discusses how plastics can be prevented from polluting the environment through reduction, control and proper disposal methods. Reduction involves redesigning plastic products to use less material and reusing items more. Control involves ensuring plastics from industrial and household waste are properly contained and disposed of in landfills or recycling. Legislation also prohibits dumping plastics at sea. With improved management practices, the amount of plastic marine debris can be reduced.
Plastic's use and abuse
Main point of this slide
01. Introduction
02. There are some types of plastic materials such as
03. History
04. Organic Structure of Plastic
05. Mechanism of Organic Structure
06. The molecule Ethene
07. The molecule Polyvinyl chloride
08. Uses
09. Benefits
10. Uses Statistics
11. Pollutants of plastic
12. Disadvantage of plastic
13. Plastic Waste management
14. Alternative of Plastic
15. Conclusion
Thank you
Plastics
The document discusses the manufacturing process and types of plastics. It provides details on four main steps in plastic production: acquiring raw materials, polymer synthesis, compounding, and molding. It also describes the two main types of plastics - thermoplastics and thermosets. Thermoplastics soften when heated and harden when cooled, allowing them to be remolded. Thermosets form permanent chemical bonds when cured. Common plastics like polyethylene, PVC, polystyrene, bakelite and formica are explained. Advantages include lightweight and durable properties, while disadvantages include non-biodegradability and environmental pollution from production and disposal.
Polymer and polymer synthesis
This report discusses polymers and polymer synthesis. It defines polymers as large molecules composed of repeating structural units or monomers joined by covalent bonds. Polymers are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. The report examines important natural polymers like cellulose as well as common synthetic polymers like polyethylene. It explores the manufacturing of plastics from different polymer types and polymerization reactions like addition and condensation that link monomers. In conclusion, polymers are ubiquitous materials that have revolutionized daily life due to their versatile properties and wide applications in areas like packaging and clothing.
Plastic manufacturing "forming and shaping plastics"
The document discusses various aspects of plastics manufacturing processes. It describes how plastics are formed and shaped through molding, cutting, forming, machining and joining. Some key plastics manufacturing processes discussed include injection molding, blow molding, compression molding, transfer molding, reaction injection molding, extrusion, and thermoforming. The properties of plastic parts are influenced by the manufacturing method and processing parameters used. Large, complex shapes can often be formed as a single unit through these plastic fabrication processes.
Glass Fiber Polymers
These are the composite materials made up of polymers with the addition of fibers
These are stronger and lighter in weight
Waste recycling plastic ppt ( types of plastic)
This is study to assess the potential of using “WASTE PLASTIC RECYCLING MACHINE”. We are working together to find ways to work with plastic waste, Plastic pollution is a huge problem regarding all of us. We want to find a solution and fix this. now plastic has become a warning to entire ecosystems and societies. we want to show the world the incredible opportunities of plastic waste in order to eliminate plastic pollution, we are made from basic materials are very affordable and easy to build. Their simplicity allows effective maintenance and easy repair. The machines are also modular so they can be adapted to different contexts and needs. This resource (plastic) locate around everywhere can become a source of income or an educational tool for your community.
Thermoplastics
This document provides information on different types of plastics, including their composition, methods of polymerization, and common examples. It discusses the two main types of plastics - thermoplastics and thermosets. For thermoplastics, it describes how they are formed and provides examples like ABS, PMMA, polyesters, polyethylene, and polystyrene. It also discusses specific polymer materials like polycarbonates, polyamide-imides, polyoxymethylene, and polyphenylene oxide, highlighting their properties and applications.
Plastics: An Economical Synthesis of Aesthetics and Function
The document discusses plastics, including:
1. Plastics are polymers that can be molded into various shapes and are made from petroleum products and other raw materials.
2. There are two main types of plastics - thermoplastics, which can be remelted and reformed, and thermosets, which cannot be remelted once formed.
3. Common plastics include polyethylene, PVC, polystyrene, and nylon. Plastics have a wide range of applications from packaging to construction due to their properties like durability, insulation, and light weight.
ban/say no to plastics
it is a presentation which includes all basic parts and knowledge about importance and destruction caused by plastics!
Plastic processing
Plastics are polymers formed through polymerization reactions that join small organic molecules into long chains. Monomers are the basic building blocks that undergo polymerization to create polymers. There are two main types of polymerization: addition polymerization and condensation polymerization. Addition polymerization involves breaking carbon double bonds in monomers to form chains, producing thermoplastics. Condensation polymerization reacts two different organic molecules to form plastic molecules and byproducts. A variety of additives can be mixed with plastics to modify properties, improve performance, or reduce costs.
Biodegradable polymer
The document discusses biodegradable polymers and their classification. It covers the history of biodegradable polymers and defines biodegradation. Biodegradable polymers are classified into categories including those derived from biomass, microorganisms, biotechnology, and petrochemical products. The mechanisms of biodegradation and various types of biodegradable polymers like photolytic, peroxidisable, and hydro-biodegradable polymers are also explained. Agricultural applications of biodegradable mulch films are highlighted.
Plastics Presentation
Plastics are organic polymers that are typically derived from petrochemicals but can also come from renewable sources like corn or cotton. They have displaced many traditional materials due to their low cost, ease of manufacture, and durability. Common plastics include polyethylene, polyester, polycarbonate, and polyurethane, which are used in products like bottles, fibers, electronics cases, and foams. Plastics can be classified by their chemical structure and production process and include both thermoplastics and thermosetting polymers.
Similar to Chemistry - Plastics (20)
Polymers Meyer (2014) suggests that a contemporary culture could n.docx
Polymers Meyer (2014) suggests that a contemporary culture could n.docx
Plastic manufacturing "forming and shaping plastics"
Plastic manufacturing "forming and shaping plastics"
Plastics: An Economical Synthesis of Aesthetics and Function
Plastics: An Economical Synthesis of Aesthetics and Function
Recently uploaded
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
�
(
�
−
�
)
∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
000
±
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
�
Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
�
cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
≲
1
�
) with
Λ
CDM. Therefore unlike low-
�
Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
�
truly diverge from their low-
�
counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Storagedeteriorationisanyformoflossinquantityandqualityofbio-materials.
Themajorcausesofdeteriorationinstorage
•Physical
•Biological
•Mechanical
•Chemical
Storageonlypreservesquality.Itneverimprovesquality.
Itisadvisabletostartstoragewithqualityfoodproduct.Productwithinitialpoorqualityquicklydepreciates
Summary Of transcription and Translation.pdf
Hello Everyone Here We are Sharing You with The process of protien Synthesis in very short points you will be Able to understand It Very well
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
JAMES WEBB STUDY THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE SEEDS
The pathway(s) to seeding the massive black holes (MBHs) that exist at the heart of galaxies in the present and distant Universe remains an unsolved problem. Here we categorise, describe and quantitatively discuss the formation pathways of both light and heavy seeds. We emphasise that the most recent computational models suggest that rather than a bimodal-like mass spectrum between light and heavy seeds with light at one end and heavy at the other that instead a continuum exists. Light seeds being more ubiquitous and the heavier seeds becoming less and less abundant due the rarer environmental conditions required for their formation. We therefore examine the different mechanisms that give rise to different seed mass spectrums. We show how and why the mechanisms that produce the heaviest seeds are also among the rarest events in the Universe and are hence extremely unlikely to be the seeds for the vast majority of the MBH population. We quantify, within the limits of the current large uncertainties in the seeding processes, the expected number densities of the seed mass spectrum. We argue that light seeds must be at least 103 to 105 times more numerous than heavy seeds to explain the MBH population as a whole. Based on our current understanding of the seed population this makes heavy seeds (Mseed > 103 M⊙) a significantly more likely pathway given that heavy seeds have an abundance pattern than is close to and likely in excess of 10−4 compared to light seeds. Finally, we examine the current state-of-the-art in numerical calculations and recent observations and plot a path forward for near-future advances in both domains.
Pests of Storage_Identification_Dr.UPR.pdf
InIndia-post-harvestlosses-unscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,accountforabout10percentoftotalfoodgrains
Graininfestation
Directdamage
Indirectly
•theexuviae,skin,deadinsects
•theirexcretawhichmakefoodunfitforhumanconsumption
About600speciesofinsectshavebeenassociatedwithstoredgrainproducts
100speciesofinsectpestsofstoredproductscauseeconomiclosses
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Alternate Wetting and Drying presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024. Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
Methods of grain storage Structures in India.pdf
•Post-harvestlossesaccountforabout10%oftotalfoodgrainsduetounscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,
•Totalfoodgrainproductioninindiais311milliontonnesandstorageis145mt.InIndia,annualstoragelosseshavebeenestimated14mtworthofRs.7,000croreinwhichinsectsaloneaccountfornearlyRs.1,300crores.
•InIndiaoutofthetotalproduction,about30%ismarketablesurplus
•Remaining70%isretainedandstoredbyfarmersforconsumption,seed,feed.Hence,growerneedstoragefacilitytoholdaportionofproducetosellwhenthemarketingpriceisfavourable
•TradersandCo-operativesatmarketcentresneedstoragestructurestoholdgrainswhenthetransportfacilityisinadequate
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Presentation given at the official farewell of Prof Ken Gillet at Wageningen on 13 June 2024
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
Class 10 human eye notes physics
Handwritten best quality
Recently uploaded (20)
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Microbiology of Central Nervous System INFECTIONS.pdf
Microbiology of Central Nervous System INFECTIONS.pdf
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
Chemistry - Plastics
- 2. Summary Plastic is a material made out of polymers that have the capability to be modeled or shaped, usually by applying heat or pressure. Plastics have the unique potential to be manufactured to meet our specific needs. Plastics can be used for almost anything from the bottles we drink from, to the refrigerators they’re stored in. http://www.american.edu/sis/sisabroad/green-study-abroad-initiatives.cfm
- 3. Summary The foundation for making plastics is small organic molecules that contain carbon, along with other different substances. Through a process called polymerization, each small molecule is capable of joining with monomers to form very long polymer chains (Plastic 1). Polymers can be so large, that together with their physical state and structure, give plastics their unique properties (Rodriguez 4).
- 4. Chemistry Plastics can be divided into two categories. They can be made of polymers that have linear carbon atoms in their parent chains, or hetero-chain polymers, which contain atoms such as oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur in their parent chains (Rodriguez 1). http://www.eng.buffalo.edu/Courses/ce435/2001/Plastic_Microw ave/MicrowaveReport.htm http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/2012/11/bpa-bisphenol
- 5. Chemistry An example of a linear carbon atom is polyethylene, one of the most used plastics. Polyethylene is found in milk bottles, frisbees, trash bags, and many other products. An example of a hetero-chain polymer is polycarbonate, which has two benzene rings. (Downey 5). http://www.ndt- ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Structure/polymer.htm http://pslc.ws/macrog/pc.htm
- 6. Chemistry Polymers can be broken down even further into two areas: thermoplastics and thermosets. Thermoplastics have the ability to be remolded, then harden again when cooled. Thermosets, however, are permanent when formed, and they cannot be melted to be reformed. The linear chains in a thermoset are cross-linked and have very strong chemical bonds, preventing it from melting (Plastic 2). http://www.recycledplastic.com/plastics/thermoplastics-vs-thermosetting-plastics/
- 7. Chemistry Plasticizers are used to make plastic more flexible. The plasticizers get in between the polymer chains to weaken the forces of attraction (Rodriguez 2). http://www.gcsescience.com/o59.htm
- 8. Works Cited Downey, Charles. "Biodegradeable Bags." Chem Matter Oct. 1991: 4-6. Print. "Plastics and Polymers." Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014, 28 Aug. 2007. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. <http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/chemistry/p lastics/readmore.html>. Rodriguez, Ferdinand. "Plastic." Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition. N.p.: Encyclopædia Britannica, 2014. Britannica.com. Web. 7 Apr. 2014. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/46368 4/plastic>.