The document discusses the characteristics and production of plastics, derived from fossil fuels, and highlights both their utility and the environmental issues they pose, such as pollution and harm to marine life. It outlines various types of plastics, their applications, the significant waste generated, and the health risks associated with plastic exposure. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of recycling and the potential of bioplastics as an alternative to traditional plastics, while urging for better waste management practices.

2. The word plastic is derived from
the Greek (plastikos) meaning capable
of being shaped or
moulded, from (plastos)
meaning moulded. It refers to their
malleability, or plasticity during
manufacture, that allows them to
be cast, pressed, or extruded into a
variety of shapes — such
as films, fibres, plates, tubes, bottles,
boxes, and much more.

3. Plastic are materials formed by
long chains of carbon and
hydrogen called
polymers, formed by units
called monomers. The most
important characteristic of
plastic is the capacity of
deformation.

4. Most of the plastics are made up from
these three raw materials:
Petroleum
•Non – Renewable
•Natural Resource
Coal
•Non – Renewable
•Natural Resource
Cellulose
•Non – Renewable
•Natural Resource
Plastics

5. Plastics are made from fossil fuels.
Fossil fuels contains hydrocarbons, which
provide small building blocks called monomer.
These hydrocarbons monomers are link
together to form long carbon chains called
polymers.
The process of forming long molecules is
called polymerization.
The polymerization form viscous, sticky
substances known as resins, which are used
to make plastic products.
These joined molecules form a plastic resin
known as polythene.

6. 





Plastics are strong , light weight, flexible and
durable.
Plastics can be easily moulded into a variety
of shapes and sizes.
Plastics have excellent mechanical strength
(tensile properties, tear resistance, and
impact resistance).
Plastics are relatively cheaper than compared
to metals like steel, tin etc.
Plastics are reusable and recyclable.
Plastics have long use age life.

7.  Plastics
are good electricity and
heat insulators.
 Plastics do not corrode or decay.
 Plastics are cheap and dispensable.
 Plastics are resistant to
chemicals, water or grease.

9. Groups of Plastic
Thermoplastics
Thermosetting
Thermoplastics can
be repeatedly
softened by heating
and hardened by
cooling.
Thermosetting
plastics harden
permanently after
being heated once.
E.g. Polythene.
e.g. Bakelite.

10. Plastic
production
Plastic waste
disposal
100 million
tonnes/year
25 million
tonnes/year
Annual increase of
Production = 9%
Plastics in municipal
solid waste = 11.8%
By weight

11. Percentage of Plastic used in different fields
Medical Mechanical
2%
Engineering
2%
Other
Toys/Sports 3%
3%
Agriculture
7%
Footwear
1%
Transport
8%
Furniture/Houseware
8%
Electrical and
Electronics
8%
Packaging
35%
Building and
Construction
23%

12.  80%
of thermoplastics, and 20% of
thermo set plastic wastes are
generated in India.
 The use of plastics in India is 3kg per
person per year.
 The total consumption of plastic in
India is about 4 million tonnes and the
waste generated is about 2 million
tonnes.
 About 20% of solid municipal wastes
are plastics in India.

13. o
o
o
Plastic is one of the few new chemical
materials which pose environmental
problem.
Plastic in the environment is regarded
to be more an aesthetic nuisance than
a hazard, since the material is
biologically quite inert.
Plastic is cheap, it gets discarded
easily, and, its persistence in the
environment can do great harm.

14. Toxic By
products/
waste
incineration
distribution
Manufacture
Of plastics
End of life
Use of plastics
Disposal of
plastics
Land
fills
recycling
Leaching of
chemicals& Enter
human Food
chain

15. 



Plastic pollution on land is both physical and
chemical.
Plastic reduces soil fertility by forming the part
of manure for years.
Plastic spoil environmental aesthetics and
hygiene.
Plastics in soil can lessen the growth of plants
and trees by blocking the absorption of
minerals, water and other nutrients.

16. Industries emit large amounts of carbon
monoxide, dioxin and hydrogen cyanide.
 These gaseous pollutants contaminate air
and causes respiratory diseases, nervous
system disorders and immune suppression
in human beings.


17. Plastics wastes dumped in water courses
contaminate and poisons freshwater life.
 On leaching in water, plastic can easily enter
the human food chain and harm human health.
 Plastic debrises clog the sewage drains and
create stagnant water which will be an ideal
habitat for mosquitoes and other parasites.
 Chocked drains cause flooding during
monsoons.


18. 


Discarded Plastic usually ends up within marine
sources. The Pacific Ocean has one of the largest
dumping ground for plastics, unknown numbers of sea
birds marine mammals and fish ingest plastics which
causes a variety of negative health effects and
leading to their deaths.
Effects of plastics on marine life includes
entanglement and ingestion of plastics debris by
marine vertebrates.
Plastic is mistaken for food and is eaten up by
birds, turtles, seals, and whales. This may choke
them, or impede digestion and causing starvation.

19. Toxic chemicals contained in plastics cause
neurological problems, cancer, birth
defects, hormonal changes gastric
ulcer, thyroid problems and cardiovascular
disease.
 The endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in
plastics have been contributing to obesity
and diabetes.
 The plastic bottles may leach cancer –
causing chemicals such as phthalates (a
component makes plastic pliable) and Bis –


20. Disposing of plastic waste is trickier than
dealing with other traditional landfill
material. Not only does plastic take
thousands of years to break down, it can
leach dangerous poison into the
environment. Plastic is not going away, but
how plastic waste is managed is becoming
more sophisticated. Managing plastic
waste starts at home with the
consumer, but ultimately depends on
governments around the world as well.

21. 

Methods to convert waste plastics into
hydrocarbon fuel have been in development for
decades. But the associated costs to
commercialize the technologies were
prohibitive in previous years when crude oil was
relatively inexpensive.
As costs for crude oil have risen, concerns
about energy security and the environment are
renewing efforts in plastics-to fuel recycling
processes. Scientists hope the technologies
will soon provide the nation with
cheaper, alternative fuels that can help reduce
foreign oil dependency.

22. Plastic recycling is the process
of recovering scrap or waste plastic and
reprocessing the material into useful
products, sometimes completely different in
form from their original state. For
instance, this could mean melting down soft
drink bottles and then casting them as
plastic chairs and tables. Typically a plastic is
not recycled into the same type of
plastic, and products made from recycled
plastics are often not recyclable.

23. Bioplastics are a form of plastics derived from
renewable biomass sources, such as vegetable fats
and oils , corn starch or micro biota .Common
plastics, such as fossil-fuel plastics, are derived
from petroleum. These plastics rely more on scarce
fossil fuels and produce more greenhouse gas.
Some, but not all, bioplastics are designed
to biodegrade. Bioplastics which are designed to
biodegrade can break down in either anaerobic or
aerobic environments, depending on how they are
manufactured. There is a variety of bioplastics being
made; they can be composed of
starches, cellulose, or other biopolymers. Some
common applications of bioplastics are packaging
materials, dining utensils, food packaging, and

24. Plasma pyrolysis or plasma gasification is a
waste treatment technology that gasifies
matter in an oxygen-starved environment
to decompose waste material into its basic
molecular structure. It uses high
electrical energy and high temperature
created by an electrical arc gasifies and
does not combust the waste as
incinerators do. This arc breaks down
waste primarily into elemental gas and
solid waste (slag), in a device called a
plasma converter.

25. Prevention Strategies
REFUSE –
refuse plastic
carry bags at
the grocer’s
shop. Use
natural fibre
bags.
REDUCE –
REUSE –
Choose
products
Reuse non
with
– toxic
minimum
containers
plastic
and goods.
packaging.
RECYCLE –
Recycling is
not a
sustainable
solution.
- Can be a
last option.

26. 
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
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Lead by example
Ask your friends and family to join you
Speak to city council
Write letters to government officials
Get your school involved.

27. 
Plastic Waste Management has assumed great
significance in view of the urbanisation
activities.

Various strategies are being devised to
mitigate the impact of plastic waste in India.

Some significant challenges still exist from
both technological factors and from economic
or social behaviour issues relating to the
collection
of
recyclable
wastes,
and
substitution for virgin material.

28. Mahatma Gandhi –
―You must be the change if you wish to see
in the world‖.
 Time for a new ethic :
Save yourself and you save the environment.
