This case report describes a rare case of Chediak Higashi syndrome (CHS) in a family. A 9-year old girl presented with pallor, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia. Blood work showed decreased hemoglobin, increased ESR, neutropenia, and lymphocytosis with abnormal granules in neutrophils and eosinophils. Bone marrow biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of CHS, showing abnormal granules and myeloperoxidase positive inclusions in neutrophils. The patient was diagnosed with the accelerated or lymphoma-like phase of CHS and started on high-dose vitamin C and a stem cell transplant was recommended.
1. Cutaneous T-cell pseudolymphomas
A) Primarily with stripe-like infiltration (the majority of cases)
Lymphomatoid drug eruption (most cases);
Lymphomatoid contact dermatitis;
Actinic reticuloid;
Nodular scabies (individual cases);
Idiopathic forms;
Clonal cutaneous T-cell pseudolymphomas.
B) Primarily with nodular infiltration (a small percentage
of the cases)
Drug-induced – mainly by anti-convulsive drugs
Persistent nodules after insect bites;
Nodular scabies (the majority of cases).
2. Cutaneous B-cell pseudolymphomas (with nodular infiltration)
Cutaneous lymphocytoma from Borrelia burgdorferi;
Cutaneous lymphocytoma after antigens injection;
Cutaneous lymphocytoma resulting from tattoo;
Cutaneous lymphocytoma after Herpes zoster;
Idiopathic forms;
Clonal cutaneous B-cell pseudolymphomas
1. Cutaneous T-cell pseudolymphomas
A) Primarily with stripe-like infiltration (the majority of cases)
Lymphomatoid drug eruption (most cases);
Lymphomatoid contact dermatitis;
Actinic reticuloid;
Nodular scabies (individual cases);
Idiopathic forms;
Clonal cutaneous T-cell pseudolymphomas.
B) Primarily with nodular infiltration (a small percentage
of the cases)
Drug-induced – mainly by anti-convulsive drugs
Persistent nodules after insect bites;
Nodular scabies (the majority of cases).
2. Cutaneous B-cell pseudolymphomas (with nodular infiltration)
Cutaneous lymphocytoma from Borrelia burgdorferi;
Cutaneous lymphocytoma after antigens injection;
Cutaneous lymphocytoma resulting from tattoo;
Cutaneous lymphocytoma after Herpes zoster;
Idiopathic forms;
Clonal cutaneous B-cell pseudolymphomas
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (or autoimmune haemolytic anaemia; AIHA) occurs when antibodies directed against the person's own red blood cells (RBCs) cause them to burst (lyse), leading to insufficient plasma concentration.
cytochemical stains. CML versus Leukamoid. LAP score. NAP score. Hematology, Hematopathology. Lab technology. Pahology. Medical Laboratory. White cell stains
Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) is an inherited primary immunodeficiency disease (PIDD) which increases the body’s susceptibility to infections caused by certain bacteria and fungi.
Granulomas are masses of immune cells that form at sites of infection or inflammation. People with CGD are unable to fight off common germs and get very sick from infections that would be mild in healthy people.
This is because the presence of CGD makes it difficult for cells called neutrophils to produce hydrogen peroxide. The immune system requires hydrogen peroxide to fight specific kinds of bacteria and fungi.
These severe infections can include skin or bone infections and abscesses in internal organs (such as the lungs, liver or brain).
Aside from the defective neutrophil function in CGD, the rest of the immune system is normal. People with CGD can be generally healthy until they become infected with one of these germs. The severity of this infection can lead to prolonged hospitalizations for treatment.
Children with CGD are often healthy at birth, but develop severe infections in infancy or early childhood.
The most common form of CGD is genetically inherited in an X-linked manner, meaning it only affects boys. There are also autosomal recessive forms of CGD that affect both sexes.
Palestra sobre a Síndrome Anomalia de Chédiak-Higashi (Chediak, Higashi) ministrada em 18 de novembro de 2013, no Hospital Metropolitano de Sarandi/PR.
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (or autoimmune haemolytic anaemia; AIHA) occurs when antibodies directed against the person's own red blood cells (RBCs) cause them to burst (lyse), leading to insufficient plasma concentration.
cytochemical stains. CML versus Leukamoid. LAP score. NAP score. Hematology, Hematopathology. Lab technology. Pahology. Medical Laboratory. White cell stains
Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) is an inherited primary immunodeficiency disease (PIDD) which increases the body’s susceptibility to infections caused by certain bacteria and fungi.
Granulomas are masses of immune cells that form at sites of infection or inflammation. People with CGD are unable to fight off common germs and get very sick from infections that would be mild in healthy people.
This is because the presence of CGD makes it difficult for cells called neutrophils to produce hydrogen peroxide. The immune system requires hydrogen peroxide to fight specific kinds of bacteria and fungi.
These severe infections can include skin or bone infections and abscesses in internal organs (such as the lungs, liver or brain).
Aside from the defective neutrophil function in CGD, the rest of the immune system is normal. People with CGD can be generally healthy until they become infected with one of these germs. The severity of this infection can lead to prolonged hospitalizations for treatment.
Children with CGD are often healthy at birth, but develop severe infections in infancy or early childhood.
The most common form of CGD is genetically inherited in an X-linked manner, meaning it only affects boys. There are also autosomal recessive forms of CGD that affect both sexes.
Palestra sobre a Síndrome Anomalia de Chédiak-Higashi (Chediak, Higashi) ministrada em 18 de novembro de 2013, no Hospital Metropolitano de Sarandi/PR.
Neutropenia, pronounced noo-troh-PEE-nee-uh, is a decrease in the number of white blood cells. These cells are the body’s main defense against infection. Neutropenia is common after receiving chemotherapy and increases your risk for infections.
Papillon–Lefevre Syndrome: A Case Report with Review of LiteratureAbu-Hussein Muhamad
Abstract :papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome (PLS) Is A Very Rare Autosomal Recessive Disorder Characterized By Palmoplantar Hyperkeratosis And Severe Early Onset Of Destructive Periodontitis Leading To Premature Loss Of Both Primary And Permanent Dentitions. Here We Are Presenting Case Report Of Siblings Who Presented With Palmoplantar Hyperkeratosis And Aggressive Periodontitis.
Keywords: Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome, Periodontitis, Palmoplantar, Hyperkeratosis, Cathepsin C
Title - Vitiligo etiology – facts, theories and myths – based on a case report.VR Foundation
Introduction - Vitiligo is the most frequent acquired hypomelanosis, but it's etiology is still uncertain. Many patients conect the onset to physical trauma, stress or illness. Nowadays new thoeries have been undertaken. It is clear that several different processes are involved in the etiology of vitiligo.
Aims & Scope - to analyse possible conections between the onset of vitiligo with other associated diseases, that have occurred in our patient’s life. The aim is also to mention about the new theory of the pathogenesis of vitiligo. There are some myths about the vitiligo, because of the misconnection of the vitiligo lesions and that occurs in for example leprosy or in sexually transmitted diseases. That myths have made the vitiligo a stigma in many societies.That problem has also been mention in the presentation.
Results - there have been revealed that the onset of vitiligo in this patient may be conected with the prevalence of others autoimmune disorders like thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus, alopecia areata. There was also family history of vitiligo – three patient’s daughters suffered from late onset vitiligo. Additionally there was a significant stress related trigger factor in patient’ life, that could have the influence on the onset of the disease.
Comments – Vitiligo is a disorder with a genetic background. The genes of susceptibility to the vitiligo are also connected with other autoimmune disorders. The environmental triggering factors play also a significant role in the onset of the vitiligo. Both melanocytes and nerves arise from a neural crest cells, and this is a basis of the neurohumoral hypothesis of the etiology of vitiligo. Oxidative stress hypothesis is based on a fact that this process may lead to melanocyte destructions and there are high H2O2 levels throughout the epidermidis in patients with vitiligo. The melanocytorragy hypothesis may be the explenation for the Koebner phenomenon in vitiligo. The decreased melanocyte survival hypothesis is associated with the decreased number of tyrosine kinase receptor c-kit in perilesional melanocytes, and with the lower expression of stem cell factor from surrounding keratinocytes. That may lead to vitiligo onset, causing the deficiency in survival signals leading to the melanocyte apoptosis.
Questions –
1. Is the Koebner phenomenon connected with the:
- Oxidative stress hypothesis
- Decreased melanocyte survival hypothesis
- Melanocytorragy hypothesis ?
2. What play the significant role in the oxidative stress hypothesis :
- Elevated levels of tenascin in the vitiligonous skin
- Decreased number of tyrosine kinase receptor c-kit in perilesional melanocytes
- Low levels of catalase enzyme in the skin of vitiligo patients ?
- Disclaimer-
This PPT is loaded as student material "as is", from the Vitiligo Master Class Barcelona November 2011; VRF does not endorse or otherwise approve it.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
1. CASE REPORT
Rare Case of Hemophagocytic Disorder: A Family With
Chediak Higashi Syndrome
WAQAR HUSSAIN, ANITA LAMICHHANE, MOHAMMAD ASLAM
------------------------------------------------------------------
Pak Paed J 2012; 36(1):
ABSTRACT
Author’s affiliations
------------------------------------------- Chediak Higasi syndrome (CHS) is an autosomal recessive disorder
characterized by partial occulocutaneous albinism, increased
Correspondence to: susceptibility to infection, photophobia, a mild bleeding diathesis and a
tendency to develop a life-threatening lymphoma like syndrome. Many
Prof. Waqar Hussain similar cases of this disease with some additional features have been
Department of Pediatrics, described in the national and international journals. Pancytopenia,
Shaikh Zayed Hospital, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphohistiocytic infiltration in bone marrow and
Lahore. Pakistan the abnormal characteristic granules in leukocytes lead to the diagnosis
in the reported case.
E-mail:
gwaq_122@hotmail.com KEY WORDS: Chediak –Higashi syndrome, occulocutaneous albinism
INTRODUCTION The CHS gene was identified in 1996 and has
been mapped onto chromosome 1q42-q44 (8), a
Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) was described region codes for a protein known as lysosomal
by Beguez Cesar in 1943, Steinbrinck in 1948, trafficking regulator5.
Chediak in 1952, and Higashi in 19541. Chediak-
Higashi syndrome is a rare lysosomal disorder
CASE REPORT
which is characterized by incomplete
occulocutaneous hypopigmentation, photo- A nine years old girl, resident of Lahore, a product
phobia, nystagmus, large eosinophilic peroxidase of consanguineous marriage, developmentally
positive inclusion bodies in the myeloblasts and normal, a student of class V, presented with
promyelocytes of the bone marrow, neutropenia history of progressive abdominal distension for the
and an abnormal susceptibility to cutaneous and last six years and progressive pallor for the last 15
respiratory infections2. days. The child had some febrile illness two weeks
back. There was no history of petechiae, bruises,
About 50% to 85% of patients eventually enter an
recurrent chest and skin infections, or boils. No
accelerated phase, manifested by fever,
history of blood transfusion in the past. Another
lymphadenopathy, anemia, jaundice, neutro-
sibling succumbed at the age of 3 years with
penia, thrombocytopenia, and widespread
similar complaints. There was death of two other
lymphohistiocytic organ infiltrates3. This lymphoma
siblings in the family at 4 months and 8 months of
like stage is precipitated by viruses, particularly by
life respectively.
infection with Epstein-Barr virus. It is associated
with anemia, bleeding episodes, and On examination, she was extremely pale with
overwhelming infections leading to death1. erythematous rash over her face. Her growth
Morbidity results from patients succumbing to parameters were below 3rd centiles. She had
frequent bacterial infections or to an silvery colored hair with generalized
accelerated phase -lymphoproliferation into the hypopigmentation of the body. Grade I clubbing
major organs of the body4. was present. Spleen was palpable 21 cm below
2. the left costal margin and liver 17 cm below the decreased hemoglobin, raised ESR, neutropenia
right costal margin and lymphocytosis. Peripheral blood smear
showed anisopoikilocytosis, microcytic anemia
and pancytopenia. Giant granules were present
in the neutrophils granulocytes and eosinophils.
Fig. 3: Showing the bone marrow
myeloinclusion picture
Fig 1: Picture of the child
Fig. 4: Showing bone marrow abnormal
megakayrocytes
On the basis of patient’s history, clinical findings,
family history and hematological investigations,
we made a provisional diagnosis of Chediak
Higasi syndrome. We then opted for bone
marrow aspiration and biopsy which confirmed
Fig. 2: Picture showing hepatosplenomegaly
our diagnosis. The smear showed hyperplastic
There was cervical lymphadenopathy. Eye erythropoesis, predominantly normoblastic along
examination revealed occulocutaneous albinism. with a few megaloblasts as well as
Laboratory investigations (Table1) revealed micronormoblasts, increased monocyte
3. macrophage activity, vacuolation of the phase may normalize neutrophils bactericidal
monocytes and macrophages and presence of activity.
abnormal granules and myeloperoxidase positive
inclusions in the neutrophils.Erythroid hyperplasia CONCLUSION
ruled out any hemolytic process. Molecular
testing could not be performed due to Although this disease is rare, a high degree of
awareness and early recognition of the
unavailability and limited resources. On the basis
of the clinical presentation, hematologic, and syndrome, can lead to the initiation of the only
possible curative treatment, bone marrow
histopathological findings, a diagnosis of
accelerated phase (lymphoma like syndrome) of transplant, before the accelerated phase
supervenes.
CHS was made.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
The child was transfused packed cells, started on Author’s affiliations
high dose ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) in the dose
of 2000 mg per day, and stem cell Prof. Waqar Hussain, Anita Lamichhane,
Mohammad Aslam
transplantation was suggested to the parents.
Department of Pediatrics, Shaikh Zayed Hospital,
Currently the child is under our observation,
Lahore. Pakistan
symptomatic treatment and follow up.
Table 1:Haematological Parameters of the patient
REFERENCES
Patient’s Normal
value value 1. Demirkiran O, Utku T, Urkmez S, Dikmen Y.
Complete blood count Chediak-Higashi syndrome in the intensive
Hemoglobin 6.1 gm/l 11.5-17
care unit. Pediatr Anaesth. 2004; 14(8):
gm/l
Total leucocyte count 2.1 x 109/l 4.0-11.0 x
685-88.
109/l 2. James WD, Berger TG, Elston DM.
Neutrophils 26% 40-80%
Lymphocytes 68% 20-40%
Disturbances of pigmentation. In: Andrew’s
Monocytes 06% 2-4% Diseases of the Skin, 10th edn. Philadelphia:
Eosinophils - 0-2% WB Saunders; 2006: 853-68.
Platelets counts 45 x 109 /l 150-350 x
109/l
3. Nargund AR, Madhumathi DS, Premalatha CS,
Reticulocyte count 3.5 % Rao CR, Appaji L, Lakshmidevi V. Accelerated
Erythrocyte sedimentation 95 mm/hr phase of Chediak Higasi syndrome mimicking
rate(ESR) lymphoma--a case report. J Pediatr Hematol
Oncol. 2010; 32(6): 223-26.
DISCUSSION
4. Jayaranee S, Menaka N. Chediak-Higashi
CHS is a very rare autosomal recessive disorder syndrome: a case report. Malays J Pathol. Jun
that affects the lysosomes6.. The children exhibit 2004; 26(1): 53-57.
hypopigmen-tation of the skin, hair and eyes due
to the presence of giant melanosomes which 5. Kanjanapongkul S. Chediak-Higashi
cause pigment dilution, possibly secondary to syndrome: report of a case with uncommon
impaired melanin transport7.A similar case was presentation and review literature. J Med
reported from Lahore8. Assoc Thai. 2006; 89(4): 541-44.
Ebstein-Barr virus (EBV) is implicated in the 6. Certain S, Barrat F, Pastural E, et al. Protein
accelerated phase9. It is believed that the truncation test of LYST reveals heterogeneous
inability to clear the EBV infection leads to a state mutations in patients with Chediak-Higashi
of constant lymphoproliferation, as seen in the syndrome. Blood, 2000; 95(3): 979-83.
phase of disease acceleration.
7. Ahluwalia J, Pattari S, Trehan A, Marwaha RK,
The treatment of CHS is still controversial. Garewal G. Accelerated phase at initial
Parenteral vitamin C administered in the stable presentation: an uncommon occurrence in
4. Chediak-Higashi syndrome. Pediatr Hematol
Oncol 2003; 20: 563-67.
8. Massod A, Nadeem M, Aman S, Kazmi AH.
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome – A Case Report.
ANNALS 2008;14(3): 119-22.
9. Merino F, Henle W, Ramirez-Duque P. Chronic
active Epstein-Barr virus infection in patients
with Chediak-Higashi syndrome. J Clin
Immunol 1986; 6: 299-305.