Chapter9 Power Point Lecture
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- Animals generate circadian and circannual rhythms that regulate sleep/wake cycles, eating/drinking patterns, temperature, hormone secretion and other functions on 24-hour and yearly cycles respectively. - Humans have a circadian rhythm slightly longer than 24 hours that is reset by light/dark cues. Disruption of circadian rhythms can cause jet lag. The suprachiasmatic nucleus regulates circadian rhythms. - Sleep stages include NREM (stages 1-4) and REM sleep. REM is characterized by dreaming and paralysis while NREM deepens across stages 1-4. Sleep aids restoration, energy conservation, memory consolidation and more.
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Learn more here:
http://sharpbrains.com/summit-2014/agenda/
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Psy3 Chapter9 Modified
People need between 7 to 9 hours of sleep per night. Sleep serves important restorative functions such as rebuilding proteins, replenishing energy supplies, and facilitating learning and memory consolidation. Damage to the suprachiasmatic nucleus disrupts circadian rhythms. The suprachiasmatic nucleus regulates the pineal gland which secretes melatonin, increasing sleepiness. There are various stages of sleep including REM and non-REM sleep. Brain mechanisms such as the reticular formation, locus coeruleus, and basal forebrain regulate arousal and sleep cycles.
Chapter9
1) All animals have endogenous circadian rhythms that regulate sleep-wake cycles on a 24-hour basis, as well as annual rhythms. The suprachiasmatic nucleus controls circadian rhythms.
2) There are different stages of sleep characterized by different brain wave patterns. Slow-wave sleep predominates early in the night while REM sleep increases later in the night.
3) Various brain structures and neurotransmitters regulate arousal and sleep, including the reticular formation, basal forebrain, hypothalamus, and orexin. Disorders can result from imbalances.
Isabella thoburn college neural mechanism of sleep
Sleep is regulated by two main mechanisms - sleep homeostasis and circadian rhythms. Sleep homeostasis refers to the increasing need for sleep driven by a buildup of adenosine in the brain throughout periods of wakefulness. Circadian rhythms refer to the approximately 24 hour cycles in physiology and behavior driven by the brain's biological clock in the hypothalamus, which is synchronized to light/dark cycles. Disruptions to these mechanisms can cause sleep disorders like jet lag. Neural control of sleep involves both sleep-promoting and wake-promoting areas. Key sleep-promoting areas include the basal forebrain, raphe nucleus, and ventrolateral preoptic area. Key wake-promoting areas include the brainstem
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The document discusses the neurology of sleep. It describes the two main types of sleep - NREM and REM sleep. NREM sleep involves synchronous cortical EEG, low muscle tone, and minimal dreaming. REM sleep is characterized by rapid eye movements, muscle atonia, and vivid dreaming. The document also discusses circadian rhythms and how the suprachiasmatic nucleus regulates sleep-wake cycles. Disruptions to circadian rhythms can lead to sleep disorders like jet lag.
Sleep and sleep disorders.pptx
This document summarizes key information about sleep and sleep disorders. It discusses how sleep is measured using EEG, EOG and EMG recordings. It describes the different types of brain waves seen on EEGs during sleep stages. The stages of sleep including non-REM sleep stages I-IV and REM sleep are outlined. Factors influencing sleep such as biological rhythms and neuroendocrine regulation are also summarized.
Physiology of Sleep
Sleep involves distinct stages including non-REM and REM sleep in cycles. The sleep-wake cycle is regulated by two processes - a homeostatic drive (Process S) for sleep that increases with wakefulness and a circadian rhythm (Process C) that promotes wakefulness during the day. Key structures like the suprachiasmatic nucleus and ventrolateral preoptic area help generate and regulate sleep and wake states.
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Anjali neuri.pptx
Indian philosophy posits three states of consciousness: waking, dreaming, and deep sleep. These states correspond to the gross, subtle, and causal bodies respectively. Several ancient Upanishads discuss states of consciousness including awake, dream-filled sleep, deep sleep, and beyond deep sleep. There are four types of brain waves - beta, alpha, theta, and delta - which occur during different stages of wakefulness and sleep. Sleep stages progress from light to deep sleep, consisting of NREM stages 1-3 and REM sleep. Neurotransmitters like acetylcholine and hormones like melatonin regulate the sleep-wake cycle which is controlled by the circadian rhythm in the hypothalamus. DNA repair occurs more during sleep, reducing
Sleep wake regulation
The homeostatic process (S) and circadian process (C) interact to regulate the sleep-wake cycle. Process S represents the buildup of sleep pressure and increasing need for sleep with time spent awake. Process C is controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus and follows a 24 hour circadian rhythm promoting wakefulness during the day and sleep at night. When the distance between processes S and C is largest, sleep propensity is highest. Together these two processes maintain optimal times for sleep, wakefulness, and transitions between states.
Sleep and its disorders
This document discusses sleep physiology and sleep disorders. It begins by defining sleep and outlining the three basic physiological processes of wakefulness, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. It then describes sleep architecture and the stages of NREM and REM sleep in detail. Key aspects of sleep such as circadian rhythms, sleep requirements, neurobiology, and disorders like insomnia are also summarized. The document provides an overview of normal sleep patterns and processes as well as common sleep disorders.
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This document discusses sleep and the brain waves associated with it. It defines sleep and describes the two types: slow wave sleep and REM sleep. It explains the neuronal centers and neurotransmitters involved in inducing each type of sleep. The sleep cycle is described as the result of three systems - the arousal system, slow wave sleep center, and REM sleep center - interacting cyclically. The document also outlines the different brain waves seen in EEGs - alpha, beta, theta, and delta waves - and their characteristics and associations with different brain states.
Sleep
This document discusses sleep and the brain waves associated with it. It defines sleep and describes the two types: slow wave sleep and REM sleep. It explains that sleep is an active process involving different neuronal centers and neurohormonal substances that cause different stages of sleep. The brain waves associated with different stages are also described, including alpha, beta, theta, and delta waves. Various sleep disorders are also mentioned.
sleep
Sleep is defined as unconsciousness from which the person can be aroused by sensory or other
stimuli.
distinguished from coma, which is unconsciousness from which the person cannot be
aroused. There are multiple stages of sleep, from very light sleep to very deep sleep; sleep
researchers also divide sleep into two entirely different types of sleep that have different qualities,
Sleep-wake cycle refers to our 24 hour daily sleep pattern which consists of
approximately 16 hours of daytime wakefulness and 8 hours of night-time sleep.
The complex process of the sleep-wake cycle is controlled by the body’s circadian rhythm and sleep homeostasis (the amount of accumulated sleep need that builds during time spent awake).
Sleep & Waking1 Ppt
The document summarizes key topics related to sleep and biological rhythms. It discusses measures of sleep such as EEG and EMG recordings, the stages and cycles of sleep, dreaming and functions of sleep. It also covers neural regulation of arousal and different sleep states. Biological rhythms like circadian and seasonal rhythms are governed by the suprachiasmatic nucleus which receives light input and synchronizes rhythms via chemical signals. Disorders like insomnia and sleep apnea are also mentioned.
Sleep & Waking1 Ppt
The document summarizes key topics related to sleep and biological rhythms. It discusses measures of sleep such as EEG and EMG recordings, the stages and cycles of sleep including non-REM and REM sleep, functions of sleep regarding restoration and dreaming, and neural regulation of arousal and different sleep states. It also covers circadian rhythms controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus, and seasonal rhythms interacting with the pineal gland and melatonin secretion.
Sleep
a)Describe the normal sleep pattern. Sleep-wake cycles and factors that control them.
b)Describe the mechanism of sleep generation
Eeg normal inglish
The document discusses electroencephalography (EEG) patterns during different states of consciousness such as wakefulness and sleep. It describes the different sleep stages including non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. NREM sleep involves high-amplitude slow waves while REM sleep involves low-amplitude fast waves similar to wakefulness. The neural mechanisms controlling arousal, NREM sleep and REM sleep are also summarized.
sleep
This document summarizes key aspects of sleep physiology. It describes the two main types of sleep - slow-wave sleep and REM sleep. Slow-wave sleep is deeper and more restorative while REM sleep is when most dreaming occurs. The brain activity and physiology differs between these sleep stages. Several theories are presented on what causes sleep, including that active inhibitory processes in the brainstem induce sleep rather than fatigue. The role of neurotransmitters like serotonin is also discussed.
Sleep and elderly
The two-process model
The sleep-wake system is thought to be regulated by the interplay of two major processes, one that promotes sleep (process S) and one that maintains wakefulness (process C).
Process S is the homeostatic drive for sleep.
The need for sleep (process S) accumulates across the day, peaks just before bedtime at night and dissipates throughout the night.
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Chapter9 Power Point Lecture
- 1. Chapter 9 Wakefulness and Sleep
- 4. Fig. 9-2, p. 267
- 10. Fig. 9-4, p. 269
- 13. Fig. 9-5, p. 270
- 18. Fig. 9-6, p. 272
- 26. Fig. 9-9, p. 276
- 29. Fig. 9-10, p. 277
- 31. Table 9-1, p. 280
- 34. Fig. 9-11, p. 279
- 36. Fig. 9-12, p. 280
- 43. Fig. 9-13, p. 281
- 46. Fig. 9-15, p. 282
- 56. Fig. 9-17, p. 287
- 61. Fig. 9-18, p. 289