The document discusses different types of heat transfer that occur during phase changes of matter:
- The heat absorbed when a solid melts is equal to the heat released when the liquid solidifies, known as the molar heat of fusion and solidification.
- The heat absorbed during vaporization of a liquid is the same as the heat released during condensation of the vapor, known as the molar heat of vaporization and condensation.
- Heat is either absorbed or released when a solution forms, known as the molar heat of solution.
introduction to heat.
equalities of heat
hot and cold objects
Temperature
table-temp. and heat
heat fixed points
temperature scales
thermometers-making,intro.,types,
conversation of scales
Hd Pictures
Topic Contains:
What is Thermo Chemistry ?
Define Origin of Heat of Reaction..
Exothermic Reaction..
Endothermic Reaction..
Graphical representation of Exothermic
and Endothermic reactions..
Different type of heat reactions..
Hess’s law..
introduction to heat.
equalities of heat
hot and cold objects
Temperature
table-temp. and heat
heat fixed points
temperature scales
thermometers-making,intro.,types,
conversation of scales
Hd Pictures
Topic Contains:
What is Thermo Chemistry ?
Define Origin of Heat of Reaction..
Exothermic Reaction..
Endothermic Reaction..
Graphical representation of Exothermic
and Endothermic reactions..
Different type of heat reactions..
Hess’s law..
Module 1
Steam Engineering: Properties of steam - wet, dry and superheated steam -
dryness fraction - enthalpy and internal energy - entropy of steam - temperature
entropy diagram - process - Mollier chart - Rankine cycle for wet, dry and
superheated steam. Steam Generators - classification - modern steam generators -
boiler mountings and accessories.
Module 2
Steam nozzles - Mass flow rate - throat pressure for maximum discharge - throat
area - effect of friction - super saturated flow.
Steam turbines: velocity triangles, work done, governing, and efficiencies.
Module 3
Gas turbine Plants - Open and closed cycles - thermodynamics cycles -
regeneration, re heating - inter cooling - efficiency and performance of gas
turbines. Rotary Compressors - Analysis of rotary compressors - centrifugal and
axial compressors. Combustion - combustion chambers of gas turbines -
cylindrical, annular and industrial type combustion chamber - combustion
intensity - combustion chambers efficiency - pressure loss combustion process
and stability loop.
Module 4
Introduction to solar energy - solar collectors - Liquid flat plate collectors -
principle - thermal losses and efficiency - characteristics - overall loss coefficient
- thermal analysis - useful heat gained by fluid - mean plate temperature -
performance - focussing type solar collectors - solar concentrators and receivers
- sun tracking system - characteristics - optical losses - thermal performance -
solar pond - solar water heating - solar thermal power generation
Module 5
Thermal power plants: layout and operation of steam and diesel power plants - coal
burners - stockers - cooling ponds & towers - chimneys - draught - dust collectors -
precipitators - feed water heaters - evaporators - steam condensers - coal handling - ash
handling
III STUDY GUIDEChemistry and Physics of Fire and FireProtecti.docxMARRY7
III STUDY GUIDE
Chemistry and Physics of Fire and Fire
Protection Systems and Equipment
Reading
Assignment
Chapter 4:
Chemistry and Physics of
Fire
Chapter 12:
Fire Protection Systems and Equipment
Additional Required
Reading
See information below.
Supplemental
Reading
See information below.
Key Terms
1. Ambient temperature
2. Bonnet
3. Fire department connection
4. Free radicals
5. Halogenated agents
6. Latent heat of vaporization
7. Miscible
8. Molecule
9. Nonmiscible
10. Open screw and yoke valve (OS&Y)
11. Oxidation
12. Oxidizer
13. Polar solvents
14. Post indicator valve
(PI)
15. Pyrolysis
16. Retard chamber
17. Thrust block
Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Describe the differences between fire triangle and fire tetrahedron.
2. Illustrate the comparison between chemistry of fire and physics of fire.
3. Differentiate the principles of flame spread of solid, liquid, and gas/vapor fuels.
4. Describe classes of fire, stages of fire, and heat transfer during a fire.
5. Differentiate public and private water supply systems.
6. Illustrate the design and components of a water supply system.
7. Describe various extinguishing agents.
8. Illustrate the design and components of various types of extinguishing systems.
Written Lecture
Introduction
In this unit we will explore the world of the chemistry and physics of fire found in Chapter 4. We will also explore Chapter 12 where we will consider fire protection systems and the equipment associated with fire protection systems.
Chapter 4: Chemistry and Physics of Fire
Definition of fire: Fire is a rapid and self-sustaining oxidation process that is assisted by the generation of heat and light in various degrees of intensity. As stated in your textbook, fire is the process of oxidation and is associated with the term combustion, which is the chemical chain reaction that releases both light and heat. For all intents and purposes, fire is both friend and foe. We use fire for heating, cooking, manufacturing, and controlling other fire sources.
Fire triangle and fire tetrahedron: Perhaps as a child you were taught that fire was represented by a triangle with each side denoting one of the three components required to sustain fire: air, fuel, and heat. Classically known as the Fire Triangle we learned that by removing any one of the three components fire would be extinguished.
1
Over time, the scientific community has added another dimension called the chemical reaction found during the combustion process. With the addition of this fourth side we now have the new symbol of fire called the fire tetrahedron.
Chemistry of fire: Fire needs two basic elements in order to sustain its existence, and without the two in union, fire cannot occur. These two elements are oxidizer and fuel.
Oxidizer: An oxidizer is any substance that generates oxygen. The most common and abundant oxidizer ...
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