This document discusses global migration trends and types. It defines migration as movement between political or administrative units for a minimum period. The major types of migration are internal migration within a country and international migration between countries. International migrant categories include temporary labor migrants, highly skilled migrants, irregular migrants, refugees, asylum seekers, forced migrants, and family members joining others. Causes of migration include disparities in income, employment, social factors, demographic differences, catastrophes, and globalization. In the 19th century, Europe colonized parts of America, Australia, Africa and Asia with migrants. Migration and development involves human capital transfer through remittances. Migration leads to settlement and increasing diversity as different groups integrate. However, migration also
3. MIGRATION
-means crossing the boundary of political or
administration unit for a certain minimum period
-It refers to the movement from one region or
country.
MAJORTYPES OF MIGRATION
Internal Migration
Refers to the movement from one area (a province, district or
municipality) to another within a country. It spans great distances and
bring together very different people.
International Migration
is a term used to refer to change of usual residence between nations.
4. Categories of International Migrants
■ Temporary Labor Migrants – (also known as guest workers or overseas contract workers).This refers to
men and women who migrate for a limited period in order to take up employment and send money home.
■ Highly skilled and Business Migrants – people with qualifications as managers, executives, professionals,
technicians or similar, who move within internal labor markets of transnational corporations and
international organizations or who seek employment through international labor markets for scarce skills.
■ Irregular Migrants – (also known as undocumented or illegal migrants)These are the people who enter a
country, usually in search of employments, without the necessary documents and permits.
■ Refugees – is a person residing outside his or her country of nationality, who is unable or unwilling to
return because of a “well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality,
membership in a particular social or political opinion
■ Asylum seekers – people who move across borders in search of protection, but who may not fulfill the
strict criteria lay down by the 1951 Convention.
■ Forced Migration – this includes not only refugees and asylum seekers but also people forced to move by
environmental catastrophes or development projects.
■ Family Members – (also known as family reunion or family reunification migrants).This refers to
migration to join people who have already entered in immigration country under one of the above
categories.
■ Return Migrants – these are the people who return to their countries of origin after a long period in
another country.They are often looked favorably as they may bring with them capital, skills, and
experience useful for economic development.
5. CAUSES OF MIGRATION
The following are the CAUSES OF MIGRATION:
Disparity of income, employment , and social well-being
Differences on demographic patterns with regards to fertility
Rapid increase in cross-border flows
A catastrophe (such as war or environmental degradation)
Migrations may lead to international communicative networks, which affect
economic relations, social and political institutions.
• International migration is an integral part of
globalization.
• The key tool is modern communication technology,
including internet, improved telephone connection and
cheap air travel.
9. MIGRATION BEGAN INTHE :
IRELAND & GERMANY (1840)
EASTERN & SOUTHERN
EUROPE (1880'S)
UNITED STATES (1880-1910)
10. MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT
increasing growth of international migration
involves a transfer of the most valuable economic resource, human capital
encourage emigration for employment
Philippines has set up the OverseasWorkersWelfareAdministration (OWWA) in 1997, which
provides a range of services, including pre-departure orientation seminars and special officials
at consulates to assist migrants (Tomas, 1999).
11. SETTLEMENT AND DIVERSITY
MIGRATION LEADSTO SETTLEMENT, WHO CAME FROM DIFFERENTTYPES OF
SOCIETIESWITH DIFFERENTTRADITIONS, RELIGIONS, POLITICAL
INSTITUTIONS, LANGUAGES ANDVISIBLY DIFFER IN PHYSICAL APPEARANCE.
12. Migration as a Challenge to the Nation State
*Economic Development
*Crisis of Confidence
*Safety and security
*Difficult to sustain homogeneous Nation
Migration and ethnic diversity threaten such
ideas of the Nation, create people without
common ethnic origins.
13. Five Aspects to identify:
*The limited impact of
government's and State
Control - state will not be
able to control and manage
directly all migration flow.
*Double identities-Double
Loyalties
*Remittances long term
socio-economic and
political factors - strongest
foreign investment
worldwide--- IMMIGRANTS
*Brain drain or Brain gain-
brain drain from developing
to the developed countries
*The Challenge of
Transnational Criminal and
Terrorist Networks -
distinguish harmless
person from harmful norm
violation.
