This chapter discusses paying attention to others and expressing sympathy. It provides expressions to use such as "I see", "Tell me more about it", and "How interesting" to pay attention. To express sympathy, it recommends saying "I'm sorry to hear that" or "Oh, that's an awful thing". The chapter defines sympathy as caring about someone else's troubles and paying attention as watching, listening, or thinking carefully about someone or something. It concludes by suggesting responses like "Thank you" or "That's very kind of you" when receiving sympathy.