Chapter 26, f 09
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The document provides an overview of the structure and function of the digestive system. It discusses the organs that make up the digestive tract, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. It also describes the accessory organs that assist in digestion, such as the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. The functions of these organs include mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, secretion of enzymes and bile, nutrient absorption in the small intestine, and elimination of waste from the body.
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Here are the key points about saliva composition:
- Major inorganic ions include Na+, K+, HCO3-, Ca++, Mg++, Cl-
- Ion concentrations vary depending on stimulation and flow rate
- Major organic constituents synthesized by salivary glands include amylase, lipase, mucins, lysozyme
Saliva contains ions and enzymes that play important roles in digestion and protection of oral cavity. The specific ions and proteins vary dynamically based on salivary flow.
Enteric nervous system
The enteric nervous system controls gastrointestinal movements and secretions. It is composed of two plexuses: the myenteric plexus between the longitudinal and circular muscle layers, which controls gastrointestinal movements, and the submucosal plexus beneath the mucosa, which controls secretion and blood flow. The enteric nervous system works with the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems to regulate gastrointestinal function. Sensory neurons in the gut wall send signals to the central nervous system to mediate reflexes. The enteric nervous system contains many types of neurons that secrete neurotransmitters like acetylcholine, serotonin and VIP.
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ANATOMY, FUNCTIONS AND SECRETIONS
Anatomically, the stomach is usually divided in to two major parts:
1. Body 2. Antrum
Physiologically, the stomach is divided in to
1. the “ ORAD” portion, comprises of about first two thirds of the body.
2. the “CAUDAD” portion, comprises the remainder of the body plus the antrum.
The esophagus empties into the orad stomach.
primary function is to store food.
800 -1500 mL of food. Or 0.8 – 1.5 L
Little mixing occurs in the orad stomach because the contractions are weak and infrequent, so the ingested food remains in unmixed.
vagovagal reflex :
“initiated by swallowing or distention is define as,” A reflex that occurs from the stomach to the brain stem and then back to the stomach reduces the tone in the muscular wall of the body of the stomach so that the wall bulges progressively outward, accommodating greater and greater quantities of food up to a limit in the completely relaxed stomach”.
mixing
The digestive juices of the stomach are secreted by Gastric glands
|
Gastric glands are present in body of stomach except along a narrow strip on the lesser curvature of the stomach
|
As long as food is in the stomach. WEAK PERISTALIC CONSTRICTOR WAVES called Mixing waves begins in the mid portion of stomach and move towards antrum about once every 15 to 20 seconds.
|
These waves are initiated by the “BASIC ELECTRICAL RHYTHM”
|
Consisting of SLOW WAVES. That occurs from the body and providing powerful PERISTALIC ACTION POTENTIAL
|
Driven constrictor rings that force the antral contents towards pylorus.
Strong peristalsis in the body of stomach
after 12-24 hour of last meal sometimes last for 2-3 min
Reach its max. 3-4 days
Due to hypoglycemia
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I. This document discusses various tests used to evaluate renal function, including glomerular filtration rate tests and tubular reabsorption and secretion tests.
II. Glomerular filtration rate can be estimated using creatinine clearance, beta-2 microglobulin, cystatin C, urea clearance, or inulin clearance. Tubular reabsorption is evaluated using tests like osmolarity, specific gravity, and free water clearance.
III. Tubular secretion is assessed using tests such as PAH clearance and titratable acidity/urinary ammonia levels. The history of urinalysis is also briefly outlined, from its early uses to developments in microscopy and quantification of sediment.
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The stomach has four layers and is divided into three parts: the fundus, body, and pylorus. It contains gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid, intrinsic factor, and the enzymes pepsinogen and pepsin. Gastric secretion is regulated through neural and hormonal mechanisms. Parasympathetic stimulation increases secretion, while somatostatin and prostaglandins decrease it. There are four phases of gastric secretion: cephalic, gastric, intestinal, and interdigestive. The cephalic phase begins before eating, while the others are stimulated by the presence of food in the stomach and small intestine.
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This document provides an overview of the digestive system, including its anatomy, physiology, and functions. It describes the histology of the digestive tract and its layers. Key parts of the digestive tract are discussed including the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines. Accessory organs like the liver and pancreas are also mentioned. Digestive processes like digestion, absorption, secretion and the roles of hormones and nerves are summarized.
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Endocrine System - Physiology
The document summarizes the key aspects of the endocrine system. It discusses the two main control systems - the nervous system and the endocrine system. It then focuses on the endocrine system, describing the endocrine glands and hormones. The mechanisms of hormone action and classifications of hormones are explained. Finally, it provides overviews of specific endocrine glands including the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, and adrenal glands.
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The document discusses the physiology of digestion in the stomach. It describes the stomach's functions, glands, secretory cells, gastric juice components, and the mechanisms of hydrochloric acid and enzyme secretion. The roles of gastric juice components in digestion are explained. The regulation of stomach secretion and motor activity are summarized. Digestion in newborns and experimental techniques used to study stomach function are also outlined.
BIOCHEMISTRY OF PANCREATIC JUICE
The pancreatic juice contains water and electrolytes secreted by pancreatic duct cells as well as digestive enzymes secreted by acinar cells. The enzymes include proteases like trypsinogen, lipase for fat digestion, and amylase for carbohydrate digestion. Secretin is released when chyme enters the duodenum and stimulates bicarbonate secretion to neutralize acid. Cholecystokinin stimulates enzyme secretion from acinar cells to digest proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Together, secretin and cholecystokinin regulate the exocrine pancreatic secretion in response to food in the duodenum.
Gastric motility and secretion
The document summarizes gastric motility and secretion. It discusses the main functions of the stomach including storage, preparing chyme, and absorption. It describes the different cell types in the stomach that secrete gastric juice components like HCl and pepsinogen. It also outlines the roles of gastric motility in serving as a reservoir, breaking down food, and emptying contents at a controlled rate. Key regulators of gastric emptying and secretion include hormones like CCK, gastrin, and secretin.
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Enteric nervous system - GIT physiology, EXTRINSIC AND INTRINSIC NERVE SUPPLY, Meissner's and myenteric's plexus.
local reflex, short reflex. Parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve supply of GIT. Functions of the plexuses.
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The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions. The exocrine pancreas secretes enzymes to aid digestion. The endocrine pancreas contains islets of Langerhans that secrete hormones like insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels. Insulin is produced by beta cells in response to rising blood glucose, and promotes the uptake and storage of glucose in tissues. Disorders of the exocrine pancreas cause maldigestion, while disorders of the endocrine pancreas can lead to diabetes.
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Follow Atifa Ambreen:
Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVTn-4KeMtXKy1h3_9JbVmw
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/atifaambreen786/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/atifa.ambreen/
https://www.instagram.com/invites/contact/?i=1qo1my1nb2qfx&utm_content=kbo8bi7
Snapchat: https://www.snapchat.com/add/atifa.ambreen
Twitter: https://twitter.com/atifa_ambreen
SUBSCRIBE ...
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This document discusses gastrointestinal physiology, specifically focusing on the musculature of the digestive tract. It describes the main muscle layers - longitudinal and circular muscles - and how their contractions function to move food through the tract. It also discusses the electrical activity of the muscles, including slow waves and spike potentials generated by interstitial cells of Cajal that control the rhythm of movements. Contractions can be either phasic with relaxation, seen in most of the tract, or tonic without relaxation, as in sphincters.
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Insulin is a polypeptide hormone composed of 51 amino acids that is responsible for several roles in the body. It binds to insulin receptors on target cells and activates a cascade of phosphorylation events. This leads to the biological effects of insulin, which include increasing glucose uptake by tissues, stimulating glycogen and lipid synthesis, and inhibiting gluconeogenesis and lipolysis. Insulin helps regulate blood glucose levels and the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
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Here are the key points about saliva composition:
- Major inorganic ions include Na+, K+, HCO3-, Ca++, Mg++, Cl-
- Ion concentrations vary depending on stimulation and flow rate
- Major organic constituents synthesized by salivary glands include amylase, lipase, mucins, lysozyme
Saliva contains ions and enzymes that play important roles in digestion and protection of oral cavity. The specific ions and proteins vary dynamically based on salivary flow.
Enteric nervous system
The enteric nervous system controls gastrointestinal movements and secretions. It is composed of two plexuses: the myenteric plexus between the longitudinal and circular muscle layers, which controls gastrointestinal movements, and the submucosal plexus beneath the mucosa, which controls secretion and blood flow. The enteric nervous system works with the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems to regulate gastrointestinal function. Sensory neurons in the gut wall send signals to the central nervous system to mediate reflexes. The enteric nervous system contains many types of neurons that secrete neurotransmitters like acetylcholine, serotonin and VIP.
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Anatomically, the stomach is usually divided in to two major parts:
1. Body 2. Antrum
Physiologically, the stomach is divided in to
1. the “ ORAD” portion, comprises of about first two thirds of the body.
2. the “CAUDAD” portion, comprises the remainder of the body plus the antrum.
The esophagus empties into the orad stomach.
primary function is to store food.
800 -1500 mL of food. Or 0.8 – 1.5 L
Little mixing occurs in the orad stomach because the contractions are weak and infrequent, so the ingested food remains in unmixed.
vagovagal reflex :
“initiated by swallowing or distention is define as,” A reflex that occurs from the stomach to the brain stem and then back to the stomach reduces the tone in the muscular wall of the body of the stomach so that the wall bulges progressively outward, accommodating greater and greater quantities of food up to a limit in the completely relaxed stomach”.
mixing
The digestive juices of the stomach are secreted by Gastric glands
|
Gastric glands are present in body of stomach except along a narrow strip on the lesser curvature of the stomach
|
As long as food is in the stomach. WEAK PERISTALIC CONSTRICTOR WAVES called Mixing waves begins in the mid portion of stomach and move towards antrum about once every 15 to 20 seconds.
|
These waves are initiated by the “BASIC ELECTRICAL RHYTHM”
|
Consisting of SLOW WAVES. That occurs from the body and providing powerful PERISTALIC ACTION POTENTIAL
|
Driven constrictor rings that force the antral contents towards pylorus.
Strong peristalsis in the body of stomach
after 12-24 hour of last meal sometimes last for 2-3 min
Reach its max. 3-4 days
Due to hypoglycemia
Renal Review
This document summarizes key concepts related to body water compartments and renal function. It discusses how water is distributed among the intracellular, interstitial, and plasma compartments based on osmotic and hydrostatic pressures. The kidneys filter fluid through the glomeruli, and key factors that influence glomerular filtration rate are described. Common methods for estimating glomerular filtration rate such as creatinine clearance and equations like Cockcroft-Gault and MDRD are also summarized.
Digestive system
The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) digests food and expels waste. It has 4 layers and is divided into upper and lower tracts. The upper tract includes the mouth, esophagus, and stomach. The stomach acidifies food and the lower tract, including the small and large intestines, further digests and absorbs nutrients before waste is excreted. Accessory organs like the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder produce substances like bile and enzymes to aid digestion. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine for excretion via the ureters, bladder, and urethra.
Renal function tests and intro to urinalysis
I. This document discusses various tests used to evaluate renal function, including glomerular filtration rate tests and tubular reabsorption and secretion tests.
II. Glomerular filtration rate can be estimated using creatinine clearance, beta-2 microglobulin, cystatin C, urea clearance, or inulin clearance. Tubular reabsorption is evaluated using tests like osmolarity, specific gravity, and free water clearance.
III. Tubular secretion is assessed using tests such as PAH clearance and titratable acidity/urinary ammonia levels. The history of urinalysis is also briefly outlined, from its early uses to developments in microscopy and quantification of sediment.
Lungs & bronchopulmonary segments
The lungs are a pair of respiratory organs located in the thoracic cavity. Each lung has a cone shape and is divided into lobes and segments. The right lung has three lobes while the left has two. The lobes are further divided into bronchopulmonary segments, which are the basic functional units of the lung, each served by its own segmental bronchus, artery, veins, lymphatics and nerves. There are approximately 10 segments in each lung.
digestive system-2
The stomach has four layers and is divided into three parts: the fundus, body, and pylorus. It contains gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid, intrinsic factor, and the enzymes pepsinogen and pepsin. Gastric secretion is regulated through neural and hormonal mechanisms. Parasympathetic stimulation increases secretion, while somatostatin and prostaglandins decrease it. There are four phases of gastric secretion: cephalic, gastric, intestinal, and interdigestive. The cephalic phase begins before eating, while the others are stimulated by the presence of food in the stomach and small intestine.
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Kimberly Jones Dysphagia Diets presentation
The document discusses dysphagia (swallowing difficulties) and management strategies. It defines dysphagia and describes normal swallowing and what can go wrong. Consequences of untreated dysphagia include aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, and death. Treatments include diet modifications, environmental adjustments, and patient training. The National Dysphagia Diet outlines textures for solids and liquids. Proper presentation and education by kitchen and nursing staff are important for managing dysphagia patients.
Chapter 14, F 09
The document provides an overview of the nervous system, including its structural and functional organization, cell types, neuron structure and classification, glial cells, myelination, synapses, and neural integration. Key points include that the nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). It contains two main cell types - neurons, which transmit nerve impulses, and glial cells, which support neurons. Neurons have a cell body, dendrites, and axon. Myelination insulates axons and facilitates faster impulse conduction. Communication occurs at synapses using neurotransmitters.
Appendicular muscles
This document provides an overview of the appendicular muscles, which control movements of the limbs. It describes the major muscle groups, including those that move the pectoral girdle, arm, forearm, hand, pelvic girdle, thigh, leg, foot, and toes. For each group, the document lists the muscles and their primary actions, such as flexion, extension, abduction, and rotation. It focuses on the origins, insertions and functions of key muscles throughout the upper and lower limbs.
Mechanism of cough and sneeze reflex
This document describes the mechanisms of cough and sneeze reflexes. It explains that cough is a protective reflex triggered by irritants in the lungs and respiratory tract, while sneeze protects the nasal mucosa from irritants. Both involve inspiration, closure of the glottis or soft palate, then forceful expiration expelling air and irritants. Cough receptors are in the trachea and bronchi, while sneeze receptors are in the nose. Both reflexes are mediated by the medulla and involve vagus and trigeminal nerves. Cough expels through the mouth, while sneeze expels through both the nose and mouth.
163 ch 16_lecture_presentation
This document provides an overview of the key structures and functions of the digestive system based on a college textbook chapter. It introduces the major organs of the digestive tract and their functions. Specific sections cover the anatomy and roles of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and related accessory organs. Diagrams and learning outcomes are included to illustrate the content. The document aims to educate readers on the basic components and processes of digestion.
Thyroid disorders 4
This document discusses a case of hypothyroidism in a female patient. Key details include:
- The patient presented with depressed mood, lethargy, lack of initiative, heavy menstrual bleeding, and low hemoglobin.
- Examination found cold skin, mild goiter, slowed pulse, high blood pressure, and signs of hypothyroidism like delayed ankle jerk.
- Laboratory tests found elevated TSH, anemia, and other signs consistent with hypothyroidism.
- The patient was diagnosed with hypothyroidism, likely autoimmune/Hashimoto's thyroiditis based on her symptoms and laboratory results. She was started on levothyroxine treatment.
Lecture 2 thoracic wall & Diaphragm
This document provides an overview of the diaphragm. It discusses that the diaphragm is the main muscle of respiration that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. The diaphragm has a dome shape with a peripheral muscular part and a central tendon. It originates from the xiphoid process, lower six ribs, and vertebral columns. The diaphragm inserts into a central tendon that is fused to the pericardium. It is the most important muscle for breathing movements.
Chapter 18 Nutrition and Metabolism
The document provides an overview of nutrition and metabolism, including macronutrients (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), and energy balance. It discusses the roles and requirements of each nutrient class, sources of nutrients, and the digestion and use of nutrients by the body. Clinical applications related to obesity are also mentioned.
Chapter 6 integumentary system
The document summarizes key points from Chapter 6 of Hole's Human Anatomy and Physiology textbook regarding the integumentary system. It describes the three main layers of the skin - the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layer - and explains the structures and functions of each layer. It also discusses accessory structures of the skin including hair, nails and glands, and how the skin helps regulate body temperature and heals wounds.
Surface Anatomy
This document provides a chapter outline on surface anatomy, describing prominent anatomical landmarks that can be observed or felt on the external surfaces of the body. It covers surface features of the head and neck, thorax, back, abdomen, upper limbs, gluteal region, and thighs. Key points include descriptions of bones, muscles, blood vessels, and other structures that can be identified by visual inspection, palpation, percussion, or auscultation on the surface of various body regions. The document is intended to familiarize readers with techniques for examining surface anatomy and identifying important anatomical structures.
Regional anatomy of the human thorax rs-2011
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the thorax, including its boundaries, regions, and contents. It describes the thoracic wall and its superficial and deep structures. It then details the different regions of the mediastinum, including the superior, inferior (anterior, middle, and posterior), and their respective contents such as veins, nerves, arteries, and organs. Key structures discussed include the lungs, heart, esophagus, thoracic aorta, trachea, and thoracic duct.
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Histology of Digestive system
The document describes the general structure and functions of the digestive system. It is composed of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as accessory organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas. Together these organs ingest, break down, absorb and eliminate food and waste products from the body. The document provides details on the histology and roles of each section of the GI tract and accessory organs in the multi-step digestive process.
Anatomy and physiology of git
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract and how it relates to drug absorption. It describes the structures and functions of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and accessory organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas. It explains the three phases of digestion - cephalic, gastric, and intestinal phases. It also discusses factors like gastrointestinal pH, enzymes, and presence of food that can affect the oral bioavailability of drugs.
BCM 122 L1 Digestive System Functional Anatomy 2024.pptx
The document provides an overview of gastrointestinal physiology:
1. It describes the structures and layers of the gastrointestinal tract, including the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, and intestines.
2. It discusses the histology of the gastrointestinal organs and the neural and hormonal control of gastrointestinal functions.
3. It outlines the blood supply of the gastrointestinal tract, including the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery which all contribute branches to the gastrointestinal vasculature. The portal vein collects blood from the gastrointestinal venous system.
Digestion system2011
The document summarizes the key components and functions of the digestive system. It describes the digestive process which involves breaking down food mechanically and chemically into smaller molecules through digestion and absorption. The digestive system includes the alimentary canal from mouth to anus, accessory organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas, and four layers. Digestion occurs through the actions of teeth, saliva, stomach acid, enzymes and peristalsis. Absorption mainly takes place in the small intestine through villi and lacteals. Undigested waste is eliminated as feces through the large intestine and anus.
Digestive system notes
The document summarizes the key processes and structures of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It describes the 6 basic processes of ingestion, secretion, mixing and propulsion, digestion, absorption, and defecation. It then details the layers of the GI tract and defines important vocabulary words. Specific sections are dedicated to describing the mouth, teeth, tongue, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine, and the roles of enzymes and hormones. Key points include the 4 layers of the GI tract, the 5 types of teeth, and the 3 parts of the small intestine.
Digestive
The digestive system digests and absorbs food. It includes the alimentary canal (mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines) and accessory organs like teeth, tongue, liver, and pancreas. The main functions of the digestive system are ingestion, propulsion, mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, absorption of nutrients, and defecation. The document then describes the anatomy and histology of each part of the digestive system in detail.
HAP 4 SEMESTER 2 BPHARMACY AS PER PCI SYLLABUS
The document summarizes key aspects of the digestive system, including its main organs and functions. It describes the two main groups that make up the digestive system - the gastrointestinal tract and accessory digestive organs. It then provides details on the structure and functions of key organs like the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, salivary glands, and their role in digestion.
The Digestive System.pptx system represents digestion
The document discusses the digestive system. It begins by describing how the stomach produces acid through parietal cells secreting hydrochloric acid and how this production is regulated by the parasympathetic nervous system. It then discusses how chief cells in the stomach secrete the enzyme pepsin which begins breaking down proteins in acidic conditions. Next, it provides an overview of the small intestine, describing its structure and roles in further digesting nutrients through enzymes from the pancreas and bile as well as absorbing the resulting molecules through microvilli. Finally, it briefly outlines the structure and functions of the large intestine in absorbing water and excreting waste.
Human digestion teacher
The document summarizes the key parts and functions of the human digestive system. It describes the main organs of the alimentary canal including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus. It explains the processes of ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion. It provides details on digestion in each part of the alimentary canal and the roles of the liver, gallbladder and pancreas in aiding digestion.
Digestive system
Reference: Tortora G. J., and Derrickson B., Principle of Anatomy & Physiology, 13th Edition, 2011, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Asia.
Anatomy and Physiology of Endocrine System
This document provides information on the structure and function of the digestive system. It discusses the two main groups of organs - the alimentary canal and accessory digestive organs. It then describes each part of the alimentary canal in detail, from the mouth through the small and large intestines. It explains the roles and functions of the liver, gallbladder and pancreas as accessory organs. Key digestive processes like mechanical and chemical breakdown of nutrients are also summarized.
Digestion!
The document outlines the key structures and functions of the human digestive system. It describes the organs involved in digestion, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, liver, and large intestine. It also explains the roles of enzymes and chemicals in breaking down carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids during digestion.
Digestion in the small and large intestine.pptx
The document discusses digestion and absorption in the small and large intestines. It describes the roles and features of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum in the small intestine. Absorption of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, water, and electrolytes is explained. The large intestine, including the colon, cecum, and ileocecal valve, is also described. Movements like segmentation, peristalsis, and haustrations that mix and propel contents are summarized.
digestive system of anatomypowerpoint pres
The digestive system contains both the alimentary canal (gastrointestinal tract) and accessory organs. The alimentary canal includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. Accessory organs that aid digestion include the teeth, tongue, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. The digestive tract walls are composed of four main layers - mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa. Digestion involves both mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, with enzymes from the mouth, stomach, pancreas and small intestine facilitating the process.
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The digestive system breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates waste. It includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. Food is ingested, propelled through the system, and undergoes both mechanical and chemical digestion. Nutrients are absorbed through the intestinal walls and waste is eliminated as feces. Glands and organs secrete enzymes and hormones to regulate digestion.
Digestive System
The digestive system breaks down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and used by the body. It consists of the gastrointestinal tract which includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine. Digestion involves both mechanical and chemical breakdown of food. Mechanical digestion is the physical breakdown of food by chewing and contractions of the digestive tract. Chemical digestion involves enzymes that break down food into absorbable nutrients. Absorption then occurs in the small intestine where nutrients pass into the bloodstream.
Lp 14 digestive system 2009
The digestive system consists of a tube running from the mouth to anus and accessory organs including the liver, pancreas, and salivary glands. The functions of the digestive system include ingestion, digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of waste. The document describes the anatomy and functions of the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and their roles in digestion. It also discusses several diseases that can affect the digestive system.
Digestive System_ST.ppt
The digestive system begins with ingestion of food in the mouth. Food is broken down through digestion in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine. In the mouth, chewing and saliva begin breaking down starches. The food bolus then passes to the stomach through the esophagus. In the stomach, food is further broken down by acids and enzymes. It then enters the small intestine where pancreas and liver secretions complete digestion, and nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. Undigested material continues to the large intestine, where water is absorbed before waste is expelled through the anus.
Digestive process
The document summarizes the human digestive process from mouth to large intestine in 3 sentences or less per section:
- The mouth contains teeth for chewing, a tongue that propels food to the esophagus, and salivary glands that produce saliva to moisten food. Saliva begins digestion.
- The esophagus transports food to the stomach through peristaltic movements. The stomach contains acids and enzymes that further digest food into a liquid called chyme.
- Chyme passes to the small intestine where nutrients are absorbed. The pancreas, liver and gallbladder secrete enzymes and bile to complete digestion. Undigested waste moves to the large intestine where water is absorbed
Lecture 5 and 6 digestive system
The digestive system breaks down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and used by the body's cells. It includes the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs. The gastrointestinal tract consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Accessory organs that aid in digestion include the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. Food is ingested, digested, absorbed in the small intestine, and waste is eliminated in the large intestine and rectum.
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BCM 122 L1 Digestive System Functional Anatomy 2024.pptx
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The Digestive System.pptx system represents digestion
The Digestive System.pptx system represents digestion
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