This document discusses carbon compounds and their classes. It introduces carbon catenation, which allows carbon to form chains through covalent bonds. The main classes of carbon compounds discussed are hydrocarbons, which are composed of carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbons can be saturated, containing only single bonds, or unsaturated, containing double or triple bonds. Specific types of saturated hydrocarbons discussed include alkanes, which are saturated hydrocarbons with only single carbon-carbon bonds. Unsaturated hydrocarbons include alkenes with double bonds and alkynes with triple bonds. The document also discusses cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons. It introduces molecular and structural formulas for writing formulas of organic compounds.

1. CHAPTER 2: Carbon and Its
Compounds

2. Lesson 1: Introduction to the study of Carbon
Compounds
work on urea in 1800 made him earn
the Father of Organic Chemistry

3. CATENATION
• is the chemical property that enables an atom
to form chains of covalent bonds with its own
kind.

4. LESSON 2;
CLASSES OF
CARBON
COMPOUNDS

5. HYDROCARBONS
Hydrocarbons are organic compounds
made up chiefly of carbon and hydrogen

7. SUBSTITUTED HYDROCARBONS
Are those hydrocarbons in which one or
more hydrogen atoms are replaced by
another atom or group of atoms

8. FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
• are those hydrocarbons in which one
or more hydrogen atoms are replaced
by another atom or group of atoms

9. SATURATED HYDROCARBONS
- are hydrocarbons joined by single
covalent bonds
UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS
- contain multiple bonds either double
or triple bonds

10. ALKANES (SATURATED
HYDROCARBONS)
• Alkanes are hydrocarbons in which
carbon-carbon bonds are all single bonds.
• Alkanes are also called paraffins.

11. TEN BASIC ALKANES
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12. ALKANES
• Methane is the chief constituent of
natural gas.
• Ethane is also found in cooking gas.
• Propane is found in LPG (Liquified
Petrolium Gas ).
• Butane is the fuel in cigarette
lighters.

13. ALKENES AND ALKYNES(Unsaturated
Carbons)
• Alkenes are hydrocarbons containing
carbon-carbon double bonds.
• Alkynes are hydrocarbons containing
at least one triple bond in the carbon
chain.

14. CYCLIC HYDROCARONS
• Alkanes, alkenes and alkynes may
form ring or closed-chain
hydrocarbons – they are often
referred as CYCLIC.

15. AROMATIC HYDROCARONS
• Aromatic hydrocarbons are
hydrocarbons containing a ring of six
carbon atoms, each with only one
hydrogen atoms(or other group)
attached.

16. LESSON 3
Naming and Writing
Formulas of
Hydrocarbons

17. MOLECULAR FORMULA
• Molecular formula gives the kind
and number of each type of atoms
composing an organic compound.

18. STRUCTURAL FORMULA
• Structural formula is a formula that
shows the actual structure of the
molecule and gives all the atoms in a
sequential order indicating bonding
patterns.

19. TEN BASIC ALKANES
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21. ALKYNES EXPANDED STRUCTURE CONDENSED STRUCTURE