Breezes
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This document discusses several key concepts related to physics. It defines breeze as wind near bodies of water. It then explains specific heat capacity as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a material by one degree Celsius. Specific heat is described as how slowly an object heats up and cools down. The document also defines pressure as the ratio of force per unit area. Density is explained as the ratio of mass to volume, with denser materials sinking and less dense materials floating. Finally, it outlines the three mechanisms of heat transfer: conduction through physical contact, radiation through electromagnetic waves, and convection through fluid movement.
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The key differences between the three types are: conduction occurs through direct contact in solids and liquids; convection occurs through fluid circulation in liquids and gases; and radiation transfers heat through electromagnetic waves without direct contact or a medium.
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This document discusses different methods of heat transfer:
1) Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact of particles without bulk motion of the material, such as from a hot metal rod to a cooler end.
2) Convection involves the transfer of heat by the bulk motion of fluids like air and water, such as hot air rising from a heated surface.
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Here are some examples of situations where it would be important to slow the movement of energy:
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- Packing food in insulated containers to keep it hot or cold during transport.
- Wearing insulating clothing like down jackets in cold weather.
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Kinetic model of matter (Student Version)
The document discusses the kinetic model of matter and the states of matter. It describes the three states of matter - solids, liquids, and gases - in terms of their molecular structure and motion. Solids have fixed shapes and volumes, with particles closely packed and vibrating in fixed positions. Liquids have fixed volumes but no fixed shape, with particles moving freely within the liquid. Gases have no fixed shapes or volumes, with particles far apart and moving freely. The document also discusses gas laws including Boyle's law, Charles' law, and Gay-Lussac's law which relate the pressure, volume, and temperature of gases.
Properties of Solid,Liquid,Gas,Plasma and Bose-Einstein Condensate
Here are the main phase changes and a brief explanation of each:
1. Melting - When a solid turns into a liquid. This occurs when the solid gains enough energy (usually in the form of heat) to break the attractive forces between its particles, allowing them to move freely among each other.
2. Freezing - The reverse process of melting, when a liquid turns into a solid as it loses energy. The particles slow down and form a repeating pattern.
3. Evaporation - When a liquid turns into a gas. The particles at the surface of the liquid gain enough kinetic energy to break away from the liquid.
4. Condensation - The reverse process of evaporation, when a gas
Similar to Breezes (20)
Properties of Solid,Liquid,Gas,Plasma and Bose-Einstein Condensate
Properties of Solid,Liquid,Gas,Plasma and Bose-Einstein Condensate
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Soil resources
The document discusses soil resources and composition. Soil is a complex mixture of minerals, organic matter, water, and air. Organic matter like humus improves soil quality by enhancing moisture retention and providing nutrients. Soil texture depends on mineral particle size. The layers of soil include the O horizon of decomposing plant matter, the A horizon containing humus and minerals, the B horizon receiving materials from the A, the C horizon of weathered bedrock, and the R horizon of unweathered bedrock.
The environment of the philippines.pptx
This document discusses different coordinate systems including the Cartesian coordinate system, one-dimensional system, and three-dimensional system. It then focuses on two coordinate systems used for locating places on Earth: the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) system and the geographic coordinate system. The geographic coordinate system uses latitude and longitude measured in degrees relative to the equator and prime meridian to specify locations.
The location of the philippines
The document discusses the location of the Philippines and the different continents. It notes that a long time ago, all the continents were joined together in a landmass called Pangaea, surrounded by water called Panthalassa. It provides details about the seven continents, with Asia being the largest and Australia the smallest. The document specifies that the Philippines is located in Asia as one of the 11 Southeast Asian nations, and gives more information about the country's geography as an archipelago composed of over 7,000 islands grouped into Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, surrounded by various seas and oceans.
Atmosphere
This document discusses key concepts about the atmosphere including:
- Climate refers to average weather conditions over long periods, while weather describes current atmospheric conditions.
- Key weather elements are air temperature, pressure, humidity, clouds, precipitation, visibility, and wind.
- Meteorology is the scientific study of atmospheric elements and phenomena.
- Atmospheric pressure, density, and temperature vary with altitude and play important roles.
- Clouds are classified based on their altitude and shape into high, middle, and low clouds.
Learning about the moon(lunar eclipse)
The document discusses the moon and tides. It describes the different phases of the moon including new moon, waxing crescent, quarter moon, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, last quarter, and waning crescent. It also explains the three types of lunar eclipses: total, partial, and penumbral. Additionally, it discusses what causes tides to rise and fall, noting that tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the sun and moon. Spring tides occur during full and new moons when their effects combine, while neap tides occur during quarter moons.
Seasons of the phils
The document discusses the day/night cycle and seasons on Earth. It explains that Earth's rotation on its axis causes day and night, and its revolution around the sun takes 365 days. The tilt of Earth's axis relative to its orbit causes the seasons as different parts receive more/less sunlight over the course of a year. The seasons are distinguished by equinoxes when day and night are equal and solstices when one hemisphere receives more sunlight. The Philippines experiences 2-4 seasons depending on location, with hot/rainy/cool seasons in most areas.
The basics of solar eclipse
An eclipse occurs when one celestial body passes in front of another, blocking its light. A solar eclipse happens when the moon passes between Earth and the sun, casting its shadow on Earth. There are several types of solar eclipses depending on how much of the sun is obscured by the moon, including total, annular, partial, and hybrid eclipses. The moon's shadow during an eclipse consists of the umbra, penumbra, and antumbra regions. Historical beliefs about eclipses included that they were caused by evil spirits or were omens of tragedy.
Weather instruments
The document describes various weather instruments and their uses, including anemometers, barometers, hygrometers, radars, radiosondes, weather balloons, weather satellites, wind vanes, and thermometers. It also discusses different weather disturbances like drizzles, typhoons, tropical cyclones, and hurricanes. Monsoons, trade winds, and the intertropical convergence zone are explained. Public storm warning signals issued by PAGASA are outlined. Greenhouse gases, the greenhouse effect, and global warming are briefly covered.
Biomes
There are eight major terrestrial biomes: tropical forest, temperate forest, taiga, tundra, desert, grassland, savanna, and shrubland. Aquatic biomes include freshwater biomes like lakes, rivers, and wetlands, as well as marine biomes like estuaries, mangrove forests, coral reefs, and different ocean zones. Biomes are characterized by their climate, plants, and animals that are adapted to that environment.
Separation techniques
This document describes several methods for separating mixtures: mechanical or manual separation uses hands or tools to separate solids; filtration uses a sieve or filter to separate insoluble particles from liquids; decantation relies on differences in density to separate solids from liquids; a separating funnel partitions liquid mixtures into immiscible phases; dissolution separates insoluble solids from soluble ones using a solvent; and distillation separates liquid solvents from solutions by boiling and condensing vapors.
Substances and mixtures(1st)
This document discusses substances and mixtures. It defines a pure substance as matter that has consistent properties and composition that does not vary between samples and cannot be separated into other substances using physical or mechanical means. A mixture is defined as the physical combination of two or more substances where the composition varies between samples. The document also notes that chemistry is the study of matter, its composition, and changes it undergoes. It categorizes mixtures as either homogeneous, with a uniform phase and appearance, or heterogeneous, with no uniform phase or appearance.
Sci method(gr.7)
Measurement is the skill of using the proper measuring tool for a given situation, such as using a ruler to measure length or a thermometer to measure temperature. Prediction is the ability to forecast a future outcome based on evidence of a pattern. Some common quantities that are measured include mass, length, temperature, time, and volume.
Volcanoes
Volcanoes are openings in the Earth's crust where lava emerges. There are three main volcanic belts: the Pacific Ring of Fire, the Mid-Oceanic Ridge, and the Mid-Continental Belt. The Pacific Ring of Fire contains around 75% of the world's active volcanoes along the Pacific Ocean basin. Volcanoes can be classified as active, dormant, or extinct based on recent eruptive activity. The main parts of a volcano include the magma chamber, vent, crater, and cone shape. Different types of volcanoes include cinder cones, shield volcanoes, and composite or stratovolcanoes.
Stars
Stars are huge balls of gases that emit their own light through nuclear fusion. A star's magnitude describes its brightness, with apparent magnitude referring to brightness as seen from Earth and absolute magnitude referring to the amount of light it intrinsically emits. Stars are classified according to their color, from hottest to coolest, and shown on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, which plots stars' temperatures and luminosities. Stars are born in nebulae, where increasing temperatures from hydrogen collisions eventually lead to nuclear fusion, the birth of a protostar.
Momentum
The document discusses momentum and its conservation. It defines momentum as the product of an object's mass and velocity, and lists mass and velocity as the factors that affect momentum. It then explains that the total momentum of objects in a collision is conserved before and after the collision according to the law of conservation of momentum. This applies to isolated systems where there are no external forces.
Major climate zones on earth
This document discusses the three major climate zones and their associated biomes: tropical, temperate, and polar. The tropical zone features rainforests, savannas, and deserts. Temperate zones are defined by four seasons and include forests, grasslands, and deserts. Polar zones are characterized by year-round cold and include tundra and boreal forests. Within each climate zone are different biomes defined by precipitation levels and vegetation types.
Factors that affect climate
Latitude, elevation, proximity to bodies of water, ocean currents, and mountain ranges are the key factors that affect climate. Places near the equator experience warm climates due to direct sunlight, while areas far from the equator have cold climates. Higher elevations experience cooler temperatures than lower elevations. Ocean currents transport warm and cold water from the equator to the poles, impacting nearby climates. Mountains also influence climate, with windward sides facing prevailing winds receiving more precipitation than leeward sides sheltered from winds.
Constellations
Constellations are patterns of stars in the sky that represent pictures or shapes. There are 88 official constellations defined by the IAU. Circumpolar constellations like Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Cassiopeia, Cepheus, and Draco can be seen all year from northern latitudes as they circle the North Star Polaris. Other notable constellations include Orion the hunter, Canis Major containing the brightest star Sirius, and Scorpius containing the bright star Antares.
Chapter 2
This document discusses carbon compounds and their classes. It introduces carbon catenation, which allows carbon to form chains through covalent bonds. The main classes of carbon compounds discussed are hydrocarbons, which are composed of carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbons can be saturated, containing only single bonds, or unsaturated, containing double or triple bonds. Specific types of saturated hydrocarbons discussed include alkanes, which are saturated hydrocarbons with only single carbon-carbon bonds. Unsaturated hydrocarbons include alkenes with double bonds and alkynes with triple bonds. The document also discusses cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons. It introduces molecular and structural formulas for writing formulas of organic compounds.
Bond formation (l3)
This document discusses different types of bonds: ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and the structures that represent them. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between oppositely charged ions, formed when a metal transfers electrons to a nonmetal. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. Lewis structures use dots to represent valence electrons and show how atoms are arranged and bonded in molecules through single, double or triple bonds to achieve stable octets. Resonance structures depict alternative but equally valid Lewis structures for some molecules.
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Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆
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Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and Replicability
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https://hal.science/hal-04582287
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Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
�
(
�
−
�
)
∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
000
±
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
�
Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
�
cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
≲
1
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) with
Λ
CDM. Therefore unlike low-
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Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
�
truly diverge from their low-
�
counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
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Breezes
- 2. Breeze is wind that is evident near bodies of water
- 3. SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY - refers to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a material by one degree Celsius - the unit of specific heat is joules per kilogram- Kelvin ( 𝐽 𝑘𝑔−𝐾 )
- 4. Specific heat - is a description of how slow an object heats up and how slow it cools down
- 5. PRESSURE • It is the ratio of force per unit area • The greater the force exerted over an area, the greater the pressure experienced. • The smaller the area where a constant force is applied, the smaller the pressure.
- 6. DENSITY • It refers to the ratio of mass to volume. • It is directly proportional to mass and inversely proportional to the volume of the material.
- 7. Stone in a glass of water Floating paper boat What have you observed?
- 8. DENSITY • The rule is that denser materials sink and less dense materials float. • With gases, the more gases inside a container, the greater the density.
- 9. Conduction - heat is transferred through physical contact Radiation - is the mechanism that makes it possible for solar radiation to reach you Three Mechanisms of Heat Transfer
- 10. Convection - is the collective movement of molecules or aggregate of particles in a fluiddue to the differences in temperature Three Mechanisms of Heat Transfer
- 11. Sea Breeze - is the breeze that appears to come from the sea toward the land - happens during the night Sea Breeze and Land Breeze
- 12. Land Breeze - is the breeze that appears to come from the land toward the sea - happens during the night Sea Breeze and Land Breeze