This document discusses sustainable management of natural resources in India. It covers pollution in the Ganga river from untreated sewage and chemicals which makes the water inhabitable for flora and fauna. It also discusses the need to manage resources due to increasing population demands which are depleting resources at an alarming rate. Specific natural resources discussed include forests, which are biodiversity hotspots, and water. Forest management involves stakeholders like local people, government, and conservationists. Dams generate electricity but also displace people and harm the environment, while water harvesting collects rainwater. Ancient watershed management systems in India included khadins and talabs. Coal and petroleum are non-renewable resources that will run out within 40-200 years

1. CHAPTER – 16
SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT
OF NATURAL RESOURCES
BY SHIVAM PARMAR
(ENTREPRENEUR & TEACHER)

2. POLLUTION IN GANGA
• Dumping of untreated
sewage, excreta, and chemicals
from industries increases the
toxicity of the water.
• This makes it inhabitable for the
flora and fauna in the river system.
• GAP Ganga Action Plan(1985)
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3. FIVE IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES
Say no to things that are offered to an individual. For Example, an individual say no to buy
plastic products.Refuse
Minimize the use of anything. For Example,minimize the use of electrical appliancesReduce
To use the things again and again is defined as reuse.Reuse
When a particular thing cannot be used for a purpose, it can be used for another purpose.Repurpose
When the material can be used to make the needed thingsRecycle
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4. WHY DO WE NEED
TO MANAGE OUR
RESOURCES?
• Due to the ever-increasing
population and rising demands
of changing lifestyles, natural
resources are being depleted at
an alarming rate.
• We must ensure judicious use of
our natural resources as it is not
unlimited and management of
such requires long-term planning
in order to last generations. 4

5. FORESTS AND WILDLIFE
• Forests are termed as
biodiversity hotspots.
• Biodiversity is defined as
different types of organism
present on the earth.
• Loss of biodiversity may result
in loss of ecological balance
and damage to the
ecosystem.
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6. STAKE HOLDERS
A person having interest or
concern for something is called
as stake holder.
Stakeholders of forests :
• Local People (dependent on
forests for their survival)
• Forest Department (Govt. who
owns the land and controls
resources)
• Industrialists (Who use various
forest products)
• Wildlife enthusiasts (who want
to conserve nature) 6

7. PEOPLE
INTERVENTION
IN FORESTS
Human intervention is a necessity in the
management of forest resources and
landscapes.
Resources must be utilised to ensure
development while preserving the
environment.
Benefits must go to the local people to
ensure economic growth and
conservation takes place simultaneously.
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8. Bishnoi community in Rajasthan for saving Khejri trees
in Jodhpur Rajasthan.
Chipko Andolan - Movement originated in Garhwal in
early 1970sthat was the result of a grassroot level
effort to end the alienation of people from their forest.
One of the most common method of forest
conservation is silviculture. It is a method in which
trees are grown and cultivated.
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9. SUSTAINABLE
MANAGEMENT
Management of resources wisely
to make them available for future
generations.
Water
• Water is a basic necessity for
all terrestrial forms of life.
• Irrigation methods like
dams, tanks and canals have
been used in various part of
India. 9

10. DAMS
Advantages –
• Generate electricity.
• Ensures adequate water for irrigation
(sufficient to satisfy need).
• Continuous supply of water in regions.
Disadvantages -
• Improper distribution of water.
• Large no. of people displaced without
compensation.
• Causes deforestation and loss of
biological diversity. 10

11. WATER HARVESTING
Collection of rain water and its utilisation for
various purposes.
Advantages of storing water in the ground :
• It does not evaporate.
• It spreads out to recharge wells.
• It provides moisture for vegetation over a wide
area.
• It does not provide breeding grounds for
mosquitoes.
• It is protected from contamination by human and
animal waste.
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12. ANCIENT
METHOD OF
WATERSHED
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
Different methods of watershed management
system are known since ancient times. One of the
method known as Khadins in Rajasthan which
consists of a long earthen embankment built across
the lower hill slopes.
Talabs are other mode of watershed management
system known so far. It stores water for drinking
and household consumption purposes. Others
include kulhs in Himachal Pradesh,,Ahar and Pynes
in Bihar, Eris in Tamil Nadu, Bundhis in Madhya
Pradesh, Surangams in Kerala etc.
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13. 13

14. COAL AND PETROLEUM
• Coal and petroleum are non-renewable
natural resources.
• Coal was formed from the remains of
trees buried deep inside the earth some
500 million years ago.
• Petroleum is formed by the bacterial
decomposition of dead marine plants and
animals at the bottom of the seas.
• Coal and petroleum are called fossil fuels.
• At present rate of usage, petroleum will
last us for about 40 years and the coal
resources will last for another 200 years.
• Harmful effects of using fossil fuels –
pollution. 14

15. THANK YOU
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