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Environmental science priyanka

This document discusses natural resources and their classification and conservation. It defines natural resources as materials that occur naturally and meet the needs of living things. Resources are classified as biotic (living) or abiotic (non-living), and as renewable or non-renewable. Specific natural resources discussed include forests, water, minerals, food, and land. Threats to these resources like deforestation, pollution, and overuse are outlined. The summary concludes with conservation methods like afforestation, pollution control, sustainable harvesting, and renewable energy promotion.

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Role of individual in preserving natural resources for their equitable maintenance
Natural resources  Resources that occur naturally and meet the desires of the entire living beings are known as natural resources. They resources are considered valuable in their relatively unmodified (natural) form.  A commodity is generally considered a natural resource when the primary activities associated with it are extraction and purification, as opposed to creation.  All the natural resources come from environment. some of them are essential for our survival while most of them are essential for satisfying our wants.  A country's economic standing and independence are base on long-term sales of its natural resources, also known as commodities, to other nations.  Today, population explosion and incresase in man’s greedy nature have become the main causes for exploitation of natural resources.
Classification of natural resources Natural resouces are classified into two Types basing on their origin. They are: • BIOTIC:These are also known as the living resources.These are the renewable resources and include the plants and animals. Examples of biotic resources are forests, plants, animals, birds, fish, and marine organisms. Mineral fuels can be, but not always are, regarded as biotic resources since they are derived from or products formed from decayed organic matter.  ABIOTIC:Abiotic resources are resources that are nonliving. These resources fall into the larger category of natural resources, which occur naturally in the environment and are not created or produced by humans or human activity.examples are minerals,water,land,energy resources etc…
Basing on their availability natural resources are classified into two types. They are: 1. Renewable resources 2. Non-renewable resources
Renewable resources:  A renewable resource is a natural resource with the ability to reproduce through biological or natural processes and replenished with the passage of time. Renewable resources are part of our natural environment and form our ecosystem • Renewable resources are those whose supply becomes available for use at different time intervals and in which present use does not diminish future supply. • Tree and plant biomass, water and wildlife are a few renewable ‘natural’ resources. • Renewable sources have low carbon emissions, therefore they are considered as green and environment friendly.
Non-renewable resources:  A non-renewable resource is a natural resource which cannot be reproduced, grown, generated, or used on a scale which can sustain its consumption rate, once depleted there is no more available for future needs. • Non-renewable sources are not environmental friendly and can have serious affect on our health. • Non-renewable sources will expire some day and we have to us our endangered resources to create more non-renewable sources of energy. • Non-renewable sources release toxic gases in the air when burnt which are the major cause for global warming. • Examples for non renewable resources are fossil fuels, natural gas, oil and coal.
Types of natural resources Different types of natural resources are: Forest resources Water resources Mineral resources Food resources Land resources Energy resources
Forest resources Forests are classified into : •Tropical forests •Temperate forests •Coniferous forests Threats to forest resources: Deforestation: process of cutting doun the trees in arid, semi arid, moist regions is know as deforestation.causes for deforestation are timber extraction,dam construction,cultivation,mining,pollution..etc
Measures to control deforestation • Implement afforestation programmes •Overgrazing of cattle should be reduced • Control the usage of paper •Forest conservation act should be strictly implemented • Recycle and buy recycled products. •When a tree is cut,one plant should be grown in order to maintain balance. •Educate people on ecological value of tree, reduce use of timber, plant •Provide alternate fuel to the forest fringe poor people to reduce pressure on firewood for daily need.
Water resources Threats to water resources: •Dumping industrial waste •Dumping pesticides and organic waste •Eutrophication •Bio magnification •Thermal pollution •Oil spills
Measures to conserve water resources Rain water harvesting must be done.  Sewage treatment should be implemented.  Use drip irrigation for shrubs and trees to apply water directly to the roots where it's needed.  Use a water-efficient showerhead. They're inexpensive, easy to install, and can save you up to 750 gallons per month.  Look for products bearing the EPA WaterSense Label for items that been certified to save 20% or more without sacrificing performance.  Water-saving steam sterilizers, for use in hospitals and health care facilities. Improved water management practices that reduce or enhance the beneficial use of water.
Mineral resources •A 'Mineral Resource' is a concentration or occurrence of material of intrinsic economic interest in or on the earth's crust in such form, quality and quantity that there are reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction Mineral resources are classifies into metallic and non metallic: • Metallic:examples are iron,alluminium, copper,gold.etc.. • non-metallic: examples are coal,gypsum, silica ,limestone.etc.. Threats of mining: •Disturbance to mantle layer •Earthquakes •Tsunami •Drowning of land •Deforestation •Acid mine drainage
Conservation methods Implementation of bio-mining/leaching technology. Enhanced oil recovery (eor). Usage of bio fuels. Surface mining control and reclamation act should be strictly implemented. Mining activities should me done under strict supervision of authorities The mined out areas have to be back filled and then rehablitated for development of vegetation.
Food resources Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for the body. It is usually of plant or animal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals. The substance is ingested by an organism and assimilated by the organism's cells in an effort to produce energy, maintain life, or stimulate growth.
Conservation of food resources Implement the following methods to get chemical free food.: Organic farming:it is a process in which both modern and traditional methods of farming are utilized. Mulching:process of adding or layering dry leaves Composting:conversion of complex materials into simpler ones with the help of micro organisms. Usage of Green manure.
land occupies nearly 20 percent of the earth surface. It covers around 13000 million hectares of the area. The houses, roads and factories occupy nearly one third of the land. The forests occupy another one third of the land. The rest of land is used for ploughing and for meadows and pastures. The soil forms the surface layer of land which covers more than the 80 percent of land.
Conservation of land resources Measures to overcome soil erosion 1. Biological control:adapting of some living systems to improve fertility.they are A. Mulching B. Polyculture C. Crop rotation 2. Mechanical control: A. Contour ploughing is a measure to conserve our land. By this method, the fields are ploughed, harrowed and sown along the natural contour of the hills. B. By terracing method: A series of wide steps are made along the slop following the contours. This method is very common in rice growing regions. 3. By educating, informing and sensitizing all landholders about various aspects of this precious resources and their sustainable use 4. Under the afforestation and reforestation programmes, planting of trees, bushes and grass help to check the soil erosion.
5. Strict actions are taken to check reckless felling of trees and overgrazing. 6. Shelter belts (rows of trees) are planted on the margins of desert areas to check the fury of wind. 7. Construction of dams and gully-trap inculcate the water-harvesting.
Energy resources Energy is the capacity to do work and is required for life processes. An energy resource is something that can produce heat, power life, move objects, or produce electricity. Matter that stores energy is called a fuel. Energy resources are Classified into two types. They are: •Renewable:solar energy, wind energy,tidal energy, geothermal energy etc.. •Non renewable energy: coal,petrol,diesel.etc..
Conservation of energy resources •CFLs use 60% less energy than a regular bulb. This simple switch will save about 300 pounds of carbon dioxide a year. •Change your travel behaviour, think more in terms of public transportation, if possible, walk or ride your bicycle instead of taking the car. •Turn off lights and appliances when you are not using them, use energy-saving light bulbs. •Use a microwave instead of a stove to reheat food. •Use rechargeable batteries instead of disposable batteries. •Install skylights in the roof or walls to reduce the need for artificial lighting. •Plant shade trees and paint your house a light color if you live in a warm climate, or a dark color if you live in a cold climate. Reductions in energy use resulting from shade trees and appropriate painting can save up to 2.4 tons of CO2 emissions per year. (Each tree also directly absorbs about 25 pounds of CO2 from the air annually.) •Don’t overload refrigerators; they operate more efficiently when air circulation is not restricted.
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