Immigrants Arrive in the US, from Ireland and Germany. Cites expand new dangers such as poor health conditions, crime and fire develop. Anti- Immigrant movements develop, Navtist.

1. Millions of Immigrants Arrive

2.  In the mid-1800s large numbers of
immigrants crossed Atlantic Ocean to
begin new lives in the United States.
oMore than 4 million of them settled in the
United States between 1840 and 1860.
oMany were from Ireland and Germany

3.  Irish Potato
Famine
oMid- 1840s
Potato blight
 A disease that
causes rot in the
potatoes = lack of
food
• More than a
million died or
starvation

4. oMany of the Irish
worked at unskilled
jobs when they
arrived in the U.S.
Men: Building
Canals and
railroads
Women: often
worked as
domestic servants

5. Failed German Revolution
o1848 some Germans had stages a
revolution against harsh rule
Germans were more likely than the Irish
to become farmers and live in rural areas.
 Many moved to Midwestern states where
land was more available.
Unlike the Irish many Germans arrived
with money.

6. Anti- Immigration Movements
 A great deal of native born Americans
feared losing their jobs to immigrants who
might work lower wages
 Religious differences
o Most of Americans were Protestants, with
many Catholic immigrants arriving, because
of conflicts that were happening in Europe
between these two groups there was a sense
of mistrust.

7.  Nativists: Those Americans and others
who opposed immigration.
o In 1849 nativist founded a political
organization

8.  The Know-Nothing Party
 Supported measures making it difficult
for foreigners to become citizens or hold
office.
 Wanted to keep Catholics and
immigrants out of public office
–Wanted to require immigrants to live in
the United States for 21 years before
becoming a citizen

9. Rapid Growth of Cities
 The Industrial Revolution led to many new
jobs in American cities
 The Transportation Revolution helped to
connect the cities and made it easier for
people to move to the cities
o By the Mid-1800’s three-quarters of the
country’s manufacturing jobs were in the
northeast and middle Atlantic cities.

10. Cities as of 1850

11. City Culture
o People were able to visit
libraries, clubs and
attend concerts or
lectures, theaters,
bowling and boxing
matches.
o Cities were compact and
crowded
 Many walked to work
 Wagons would carry
goods in the streets

12. Urban Problems
oLack of safe housing
 Tenements: poorly
designed apartment
building that housed
large numbers of
people.
 Often dirty,
overcrowded and
unsafe
 Quickly built and not
with good materials.

13. oPoor Public Service
Most cities did not have clean water, public
health regulations or a way to get rid of
garbage, human and animal waste.
 Because of this disease spread easily

14. Crime was also an
issue cities didn’t
have a permanent or
organized force to
fight crime.
Fire, was a constant
and serious danger in
crowed cites.
 Again no permanent
or organized force

15. The Second Great Awakening
 During the 1790’s and early 1800’s some
American took part in the Christian
Renewal movement
o Charles Grandison Finney
 Was one of the most important leaders of the
movement.
 Told congregations that each individual was
responsible for his or her own salvation.