The document outlines the scientific method which involves making observations, formulating a hypothesis, experimentation, analysis and drawing conclusions. It discusses what science is - the process of gaining knowledge through observation and experimentation. Some examples of sciences are provided - chemistry, life science, physics, and earth science which has four branches: geology, meteorology, astronomy and oceanography. The document also discusses variables in experiments, the need for controls and repeats, and how technology has both positive and negative impacts and can often be transferred to new uses.

1. Chapter 1: The Nature of Science
Section 1: Science All Around

2. A. Scientific Method
1. Steps of the scientific method
a. Identify the problem
b. Gather information
c. Make a hypothesis
i. Hypothesis: an educated guess
d. Test the hypothesis; experiment
e. Analyze the results.
f. Draw a conclusion

3. B. What is Science?
1. Science means having knowledge.
a. Process of observing, studying, and thinking about
things to gain knowledge.
b. Every time you attempt to find out how and why
things look and behave the way the do, you are
performing science.
2. Examples of how you use Science everyday:

4. C. Types of Science
1. Chemistry: Study of chemical matter
2. Life Science: The study of living things.
3. Physics: Study of physical properties, motion,
etc.
4. Earth Science: Study of Earth and space.

5. D. The 4 Branches of Earth Science
1. Geology
2. Meteorology
3. Astronomy
4. Oceanography

6. E. Geology
1. The study of Earth and its matter, processes, and
history. (p 8)
a. Death Valley California

7. F. Astronomy
1. The study of objects in space, including stars,
planets, comets, and their origins.

8. G. Meteorology
1. The study of Earth’s weather and the forces that
it causes.

9. H. Oceanography
1. The study of Earth’s oceans, their processes and
life within them.

10. I. Working in the Lab (Experiments)
1. Designing an experiment
a. Test only one variable at a time.
2. What is a variable?: different factors that can
change in an experiment.
a. Independent variable is the ONE thing you change in an
experiment.
b. Dependent Variable is the variable that you are testing.
3. Constants: variables that DO NOT CHANGE in and
experiment.
4. Control: a standard to which your results can be
compared.

11. 5. Example: Growing trees in a reclaimed mine
area
a. Variable: using bio-solids as a fertilizer for the
vegetation.
b. Constant: native soil, sun exposure, amount of rain.
c. Control: Plot of land near the site that was not
fertilized with bio-solids.
d. **Why would a control be needed in an experiment?

12. J. Repeating Experiments
1. For results to be valid or reliable, your tests
should be repeated many times to see whether
you can confirm your original results.

13. K. Technology
1. Technology is the use of scientific discoveries for
practical purposes; can have positive and
negative affects on Earth.
a. Cave men using rocks as weapons is an example of
primitive technology.
b. Plumbing is an example of technology. (thank
goodness!!)
2. What are some ways technology affects your life?
a. Cars, Plans, TV’s, I-Pods, Computers, Water Filtration,
etc.

14. L. Transferable Technology
1. Most technology can be designed for one use,
but applied to new situations.
2. Examples of transferable technology:
Radar and Sonar: from military use to civilian use.
a. Satellite use: from military to civillian
b. Medicine: from one species to another