Ch8 Le 5
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Mrs. Jorgenson's lecture on joint anatomy with an emphasis on the ligaments of the shoulder, elbow, hip and knee
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- Each region contains bones that allow for movement and connection between limbs and body.
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Bones and joints 1 1
The document summarizes basic human skeletal anatomy and function. It describes how the 206 bones of the average adult skeleton form a protective framework that is joined by ligaments and tendons. It also discusses the main functions of the skeleton, including movement, organ protection, blood cell production, and mineral storage. Additionally, it provides details on the four main types of joints - ball and socket, hinge, pivot, and gliding - and defines the terms used to describe different joint movements like extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation.
Bones and Joints
The skeletal system has several functions including protection of organs, providing levers for movement, and storing minerals. It is divided into the axial skeleton which includes the skull, vertebrae, and ribs, and the appendicular skeleton comprising the upper and lower limbs. Bones are classified as long, short, flat, or irregular. Bone formation occurs through ossification by osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Osteoporosis is the thinning of bones which can be prevented by sufficient calcium, vitamin D, weight bearing exercise, and good nutrition. Synovial joints like the ball-and-socket hip joint allow a wide range of movement. Connective tissues like cartilage, tendons, and ligaments support the skeletal system.
Fracture shaft of tibia
This document discusses fractures of the tibia shaft. It begins by providing an overview of tibia anatomy, noting that it is the second largest bone and carries 80% of body weight from the femur to the foot. It then describes the anatomy of the tibia in more detail. Mechanisms of tibia shaft fractures are discussed as well as common fracture patterns, clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging, and treatment approaches including non-operative and operative options like intramedullary nailing and plating. Compartment syndrome is also covered as a potential complication.
Persendian
This document discusses the anatomy and types of joints in the human body. It begins by defining kinesiology as the study of movement and notes that joints allow for locomotion even if in small amounts. There are three main types of joints based on movement: synarthrosis which allow little-to-no movement, amphiarthrosis which allow slight movement, and diarthrosis which allow more freedom of movement. Diarthrosis are further classified as synovial joints which have a synovial cavity and more mobility. The document then proceeds to describe the specific structures and examples of various joint types including fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, and the six types of synovial joints. It concludes by detailing individual
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.Muscle TissueHighly vasculariz.docx
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscle Tissue
Highly vascularized
Responsible for most types of movement
Three types
Skeletal muscle tissue
Found in skeletal muscle
Voluntary
Cardiac muscle tissue
Found in walls of heart
Involuntary
Smooth muscle tissue
Mainly in walls of hollow organs other than heart
Involuntary
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Skeletal muscle
Description: Long, cylindrical,
multinucleate cells; obvious
striations.
Function: Voluntary movement;
locomotion; manipulation of the
environment; facial expression;
voluntary control.
Location: In skeletal muscles
attached to bones or occasionally
to skin.
Photomicrograph: Skeletal muscle
(approx. 440x). Notice the obvious banding
pattern and the fact that these large cells are
multinucleate.
Striations
Nuclei
Part of
muscle
fiber (cell)
Figure 4.9a Muscle tissues.
Muscle Tissue
Skeletal Muscle
Location: Skeleton
Function:
Features
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cardiac muscle
Description: Branching, striated,
generally uninucleate cells that
interdigitate at specialized
junctions (intercalated discs).
Function: As it contracts, it
propels blood into the circulation;
involuntary control.
Location: The walls of the heart.
Photomicrograph: Cardiac muscle (900x);
notice the striations, branching of cells, and
the intercalated discs.
Striations
Nucleus
Intercalated
discs
Figure 4.9b Muscle tissues.
Muscle Tissue
Cardiac Muscle
Location: Heart
Function:
Features
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Smooth muscle
Description: Spindle-shaped
cells with central nuclei; no
striations; cells arranged closely
to form sheets.
Function: Propels substances or
objects (foodstuffs, urine, a baby)
along internal passageways;
involuntary control.
Location: Mostly in the walls of
hollow organs.
Photomicrograph: Sheet of smooth
muscle (720x).
Smooth
muscle
cell
Nuclei
Figure 4.9c Muscle tissues.
Muscle Tissue
Smooth Muscle
Location: Organs and blood vessels
Function:
Features
Neuromuscular Junction
NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION STRUCTURES
AXON TERMINAL
End of axon that
contacts the muscle cell
SYNAPTIC
END BULBS
Feet on the end
of the axon terminal
SYNAPTIC VESICLES
Inside end bulbs
Filled with
Acetylcholine (Ach)
Muscle- Terms
Skeletal muscles
Shorten & pull on the bones they are attached to
Muscle Attachment Sites:
Origin
Insertion
Origin & Insertion
Origin
Fixed point where muscles attach to a bone (normally proximal)
Insertion
Moveable point where muscles attach to bone (normally distal)
In some muscles, both attachment points can function as either the origin or insertion
Depends on which end is stabilized by other muscles
Types of Movement
Prime mover (agonist):
Main muscle responsible for a particular movement
What muscle is the prime mover when you flex your arm?
Antagonist:
Works in opposition to prime mover
Relaxes when prime mover contracts
What muscle is an antagonist to the biceps?
Synergist:
Assists prime mover in producing a moveme.
Orthotics
This document provides definitions and information about orthotics. It defines orthotics as externally applied devices that modify the structural and functional characteristics of the neuromuscular and skeletal systems to enable better use of the body part. The document then discusses principles, functions, indications, prescription processes, and nomenclature of various orthotic devices for the spine, upper limbs, lower limbs, knees, and hips. Examples and purposes of different orthotic devices are provided for each body region.
Joints
The document discusses different types of joints in the human body. There are three main types of joints: fixed or immovable joints where bones overlap and do not move; slightly movable joints where bones can move a little and are connected by ligaments and cartilage; and freely movable or synovial joints where bones move freely, including ball-and-socket joints in the hips and shoulders. The document further describes six types of synovial joints based on their movement: ball and socket, hinge, pivot, gliding, saddle, and condyloid joints. Examples are provided of each type of joint and how they enable different motions.
Skeletal system good
The skeleton provides three key functions for sports:
1. Support: Bones provide a solid framework to keep the body upright during physical activity like running. The legs support the weight of the body.
2. Movement: Joints allow for movement in different directions which is important for changing speed, direction, jumping and dodging in sports.
3. Examples: In basketball, leg bones keep players tall and joints in the hips, knees and ankles allow for changing speeds and jumping. The neck, shoulders and wrist joints enable catching and passing.
Gr8 lesson3
The document discusses joints and muscles in the human body. It describes the three main types of joints - fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial - and focuses on synovial joints, naming the six types: ball-and-socket, hinge, pivot, saddle, condyloid, and gliding. It provides examples of joints for each type and explains their movements. The document also outlines the three main types of muscles - smooth, cardiac, and skeletal - and describes their functions, locations, and voluntary vs involuntary control.
Applied Anatomy of Hip Joint
Supine position
Transducer: Transverse over medial thigh
2/22/2015Dept of Sports Medicine, AFMC55
USG – ADDUCTOR MUSCLE
2/22/2015Dept of Sports Medicine, AFMC56
Adductor longus, brevis and magnus seen as hypoechoic structures.
Tendons appear as hyperechoic lines.
Bursa seen as anechoic structure.
Bony landmarks like pubis and ischial tuberosity appear hyperechoic.
USG helps to identify muscle tears, tendon injuries and bursitis.
It is a useful tool for dynamic assessment during
Ch 8 11 appendicular skeleton muscle
This document provides information about skeletal muscle and the appendicular skeleton. It discusses the characteristics of skeletal muscle, including that it is striated and under voluntary control. It describes the bones and joints of the upper and lower limbs, including the pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, and bones of the arms, legs, hands and feet. It discusses the muscles that act on these limbs and their functions in movement.
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© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.Muscle TissueHighly vasculariz.docx
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- 1. Examples of Joints of the Skeletal System
- 11. Ligaments Ligamentum capitis: Attaches to a pit on the head of the femur and carries blood vessels to the head of the femur Fovea capitis
- 13. The Knee
- 14. Knee Ligaments
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