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REGISTER TRANSFER LANGUAGE And Micro-operation
REGISTER TRANSFER LANGUAGE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
THE INTERNAL HARDWARE ORGANIZATION OF A DIGITAL COMPUTER IS BEST DEFINED BY SPECIFYING ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
REGISTER ,[object Object],[object Object]
REGISTER ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
REGISTER ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
REGISTER ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
REPRESENTATION OF REGISTER ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
REGISTER ,[object Object],[object Object]
REGISTER TRANSFER
REGISTER TRANSFER ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
BUS ORGANIZATION AND TRANSFER ,[object Object],[object Object]
COMMON BUS SYSTEM CONFIGURATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
  USING MULTIPLEXERS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
BUS SYSTEM FOR FOUR REGISTER USING FOUR MUX
USING MULTIPLEXER ,[object Object],[object Object],For example   A common bus for  eight  registers of 16 bits each requires 16 multiplexers , one for each line in the bus. So Each multiplexer must have eight data input lines and three selection lines to multiplex one significant bit in the eight registers. S1 S0 Register  Selected 0 0 A 0 1 B 1 0 C 1 1 D
USING THREE STATE BUFFERS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
THREE STATE BUFFER ,[object Object]
THE CONTROL INPUT DETERMINES THE OUTPUT STATE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CONSTRUCTION WITH THREE STATE BUFFER ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
BUS LINE WITH THREE STATE BUFFER
THREE STATE BUFFER ,[object Object],[object Object]
THREE-STATE BUS VERSUS MULTIPLEXER BUS
MEMORY TRANSFER ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
READ OPERATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
WRITE OPERATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
BINARY ADDER The digital circuit that generates the arithmetic sum of two binary numbers of any length is called a BINARY ADDER.
CONSTRUCTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
4-BIT BINARY ADDER
BINARY ADDER-SUBTRACTOR ,[object Object],[object Object]
4-BIT BINARY ADDER-SUBTRACTOR
WORKING ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
4-BIT BINARY INCREMENTER
BINARY INCREMENTER ,[object Object],[object Object]
ARITHMETIC CIRCUIT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
4-BIT ARITHMETIC CIRCUIT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
WHAT IS LOGIC MICROOPERATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],X  Y F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
SIXTEEN LOGIC MICRO-OPERATION Boolean Function  Microoperation  Name F0=0  F  0  Clear F1=xy  F  A  B  And F2=xy’  F  A  B  F3=x  F  A  Transfer  A F 4=x’y  F  A  B  F5=y  F  B  Transfer  B F6=x  y  F  A  B  Exclusive-OR F7=(x+y)  F  A  B  OR F8=(x+y)’  F  A  B  NOR  F9=(x  y)’  F  A  B  Exclusive-NOR F10=y’  F  B  Complement B F11=x+y’  F  A  B  F12=x’  F  A  Complement  F13=x’+y  F  A  B F14=(xy)’  F  A  B  NAND  F15 =1  F  all 1’s  Set to all  1’s
HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
Logic micro- operations are very useful for  manipulating individual bits or a portion of a word stored in a register Used to change bit values, delete a group of bits, or insert new bit values Selective-set » It sets to 1 the bits in register A where there are corresponding 1’s in register B. It does not effect bit positions that have 0’s in B Selective-complement » It complements bits in A where there are corresponding 1’s in B. It does not effect bit positions that have 0’s in B Selective-clear » This clears to 0 the bits in A only where there are corresponding 1’s in B Selective-mask » The mask operation is similar to the selective-clear operation except that the bits of A are cleared only where there are corresponding 0’s in B
SOME OTHER FUNCTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SHIFT MICROOPERATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
LOGICAL SHIFT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CIRCULAR SHIFT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ARITHMETIC SHIFT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
ONE STAGE ALU

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Ch4

  • 1. REGISTER TRANSFER LANGUAGE And Micro-operation
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  • 15. BUS SYSTEM FOR FOUR REGISTER USING FOUR MUX
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  • 21. BUS LINE WITH THREE STATE BUFFER
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  • 23. THREE-STATE BUS VERSUS MULTIPLEXER BUS
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  • 27. BINARY ADDER The digital circuit that generates the arithmetic sum of two binary numbers of any length is called a BINARY ADDER.
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  • 40. SIXTEEN LOGIC MICRO-OPERATION Boolean Function Microoperation Name F0=0 F 0 Clear F1=xy F A B And F2=xy’ F A B F3=x F A Transfer A F 4=x’y F A B F5=y F B Transfer B F6=x y F A B Exclusive-OR F7=(x+y) F A B OR F8=(x+y)’ F A B NOR F9=(x y)’ F A B Exclusive-NOR F10=y’ F B Complement B F11=x+y’ F A B F12=x’ F A Complement F13=x’+y F A B F14=(xy)’ F A B NAND F15 =1 F all 1’s Set to all 1’s
  • 42. Logic micro- operations are very useful for manipulating individual bits or a portion of a word stored in a register Used to change bit values, delete a group of bits, or insert new bit values Selective-set » It sets to 1 the bits in register A where there are corresponding 1’s in register B. It does not effect bit positions that have 0’s in B Selective-complement » It complements bits in A where there are corresponding 1’s in B. It does not effect bit positions that have 0’s in B Selective-clear » This clears to 0 the bits in A only where there are corresponding 1’s in B Selective-mask » The mask operation is similar to the selective-clear operation except that the bits of A are cleared only where there are corresponding 0’s in B
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