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This document discusses superposition and standing waves. It covers topics such as constructive and destructive interference, resonant modes of systems, and beats. Examples are provided of superposition and interference. Standing waves on strings are discussed, including the different harmonic modes that are produced from varying the wavelength using the same string length. Higher harmonics produce higher pitches. Factors like tension and mass density that affect the pitch of string instruments are also covered.
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PHYS 103
Report 3 Instructions
Sound and Resonance
Download this document and record the results in the table below as prompted by the procedure. Save the completed document to your computer and upload it via the provided assignment link. All photos and discussion must be submitted within a single 1–2-page Word document.
Take a picture of the setup at the prompt in the assignment with a visible white piece of paper labeled with your name and date.
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Sound and Resonance
Carolina Distance Learning
Investigation Manual
2
©2015 Carolina Biological Supply Company
Table of Contents
Overview ......................................................................................................... 3
Objectives ....................................................................................................... 3
Time Requirements ........................................................................................ 3
Background .................................................................................................... 4
Materials .......................................................................................................... 9
Safety ............................................................................................................. 10
Preparation ................................................................................................... 10
Activity: Standing wave in a tube open at one end ............................ 10
3
©2015 Carolina Biological Supply Company
Overview
In this activity, students will use a tuning fork to generate standing waves in a tube that
is open at one end and identify the length of tube necessary for the sound of the tuning
fork to be amplified through resonance, which is an increase in the amplitude of a
wave at a specific frequency. Through an understanding of the properties of waves
and the conditions necessary to establish standing waves in this scenario, students will
calculate the speed of sound in air at room temperature and the wavelength of sound
generated by the tuning fork.
Objectives
Develop an understanding of the properties of waves
Calculate the speed of sound in air at room temperature
Generate a standing wave and demonstrate the property of resonance
Time Requirements
Preparation ...............................................................................................5 minutes
Activity 1 .................................................................................................10 minutes
4
©2015 Carolina Biological Supply Company
Background
Waves can transmit energy over a great distance. Seismic waves generated by
earthquakes can cause extensive d ...
Sound Waves Lab
This document discusses conducting a study on tractor vibration and the ergonomic design of tractor seats. The study has several objectives, including measuring vibration levels in different tractor components, evaluating the effects of vibration on operators, and designing seats to reduce vibration and improve comfort. Previous studies on vibration and its health impacts are reviewed. The planned study involves measuring vibration in tractors under different operating conditions and designing prototypes of seats with various materials and suspension systems to isolate vibration.
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Sound waves ccp
Sound is a compressional wave that transfers energy through air in a series of compressions and rarefactions. The wavelength of a sound wave is the distance between one compression and the next compression. Frequency determines the pitch of a sound - high frequency means high pitch like a scream, while low frequency has low pitch like a foghorn. Acoustics is the study of optimizing how sound is heard within structures.
Sound part 2
Sound is caused by rapid changes in air pressure that travel as sound waves. The human ear can detect sounds between 20-20,000 Hz. Higher frequencies are perceived as higher pitches while louder sounds have greater pressure amplitudes. Sound travels through air, water and solids by vibrating molecules that transfer energy through the medium. The speed of sound depends on the material it passes through and is fastest in solids.
04 UNIT-4 (WAVES) .pptx
The document discusses waves, including:
1) Progressive waves transfer energy from one point to another through periodic disturbance. Transverse waves have particles vibrating perpendicular to propagation, while longitudinal waves have particles vibrating parallel.
2) Transverse waves produce crests and troughs. Longitudinal waves produce compressions and rarefactions.
3) Characteristics of waves include wavelength, time period, frequency, amplitude, and wave velocity which equals frequency multiplied by wavelength.
12sound
1. Sound is produced by vibration and needs a medium to travel through. It propagates as longitudinal waves of alternating compressions and rarefactions.
2. When an object vibrates, it causes the particles in the surrounding medium to vibrate, transmitting the disturbance through the medium. This disturbance travels as a sound wave.
3. The characteristics of a sound wave include its frequency, wavelength, amplitude, pitch, and loudness. The speed of sound depends on the medium and temperature.
12sound-201208075306.pdf..................
1. Sound is produced by vibration and needs a medium to travel through. It propagates as longitudinal waves of alternating compressions and rarefactions.
2. When an object vibrates, it causes vibrations in the surrounding medium. This disturbance is transmitted from one particle to the next through the medium until it reaches the ear.
3. Sound waves are characterized by their frequency, wavelength, amplitude and speed. The pitch and loudness of a sound depend on its frequency and amplitude, respectively.
Physics 17-2
This document provides an overview of wave motion concepts including wave propagation, types of waves, wave terminology, speed of transverse waves, standing waves, and resonance. Key points covered include:
- Transverse waves have vibration perpendicular to propagation direction, while longitudinal waves have parallel vibration.
- Period, frequency, wavelength, speed, and phase are defined for waves.
- The speed of a transverse wave depends on the tension and linear mass density of the string.
- Standing waves occur at resonant frequencies when the string length is an integer multiple of half wavelengths.
Introduction to Waves Notes2.pptx
This document discusses waves and their characteristics. It begins by defining a wave as a disturbance that transfers energy through matter or space without transferring matter. It then discusses various wave characteristics including amplitude, wavelength, frequency, speed, period, and phase. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating wave speed from frequency and wavelength. Different types of waves are introduced, such as transverse waves and longitudinal waves. The document concludes by discussing topics like wave interference, standing waves, and the definition of nodes and antinodes.
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Ch16
- 1. Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. • Superposition • Constructive and destructive interference • Standing waves • Resonant modes of systems • Beats Chapter 16 Superposition and Standing Waves Topics:
- 2. Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Principle of Superposition
- 3. Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. An example of superposition
- 4. Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. An example of destructive interference
- 5. Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Checking Understanding Two waves on a string are moving toward each other. A picture at t = 0 s appears as follows: How does the string appear at t = 2 s?
- 6. Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Two waves on a string are moving toward each other. A picture at t = 0 s appears as follows: How does the string appear at t = 2 s? Answer
- 7. Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Standing waves
- 8. Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
- 9. Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
- 10. Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Standing waves on a string
- 11. Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Standing Wave Modes on a string: wavelengths In this case we have one anti-node (max amplitude), and two nodes.The wavelength is = 2L Here we have two-antinodes (and three nodes).The wavelength is L (=2L/2) And here three anti-nodes (and four nodes). The wavelength is 2L/3 In general, if we have m anti-nodes, the wavelength is 2L/m.
- 12. Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. • The case m=1 is called the fundamental mode, or first harmonic (with fundamental or primary frequency and wavelength). • The case m=2 is called the second harmonic. • And so on. • ‘m’ is called the mode number.
- 13. Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Imagine that the string where we have a standing wave is that one of a guitar or violin. The standing wave produces vibrations in the air surrounding the string, creating a sound wave. Does the pitch of the tone become higher or lower as go to higher harmonics? Notice that here v is the speed of propagation of waves on the string, not the speed of sound in air.Why?
- 14. Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. String instruments Recall that the velocity of sound in a string is given by: T= tension; m = linear mass density For a fixed speed, the frequency (pitch) gets higher with shorter strings. For a fixed length, the higher the velocity the higher the frequency (pitch). In that case, the pitch changes with: 1) Mass density m:The heavier the string the lower the note/pitch. 2) Tension T: the tighter the string, the higher the note/pitch. For a fixed length, the higher the velocity the higher the frequency (pitch).
- 15. Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Standing Sound Waves
- 16. Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Physics of Speech and Hearing
- 17. Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Interference of Spherical Waves
- 18. Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Beats fbeat = |f1 - f2|