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1. A VERY SIMPLE MICROPROCESSOR JANUARY 2005
1 etienne.sicard@insa-toulouse.fr 07/01/05
! " # $%
#
1. Introduction
% % ! &' % %& # (
# # & ) ! *+ ,--. ! # * /
0 # !
# 1# 2 31 ! ,
4
#
&
&
'535(
• #
• 6
*
3
7 3
! # * # # ,

2. A VERY SIMPLE MICROPROCESSOR JANUARY 2005
2 etienne.sicard@insa-toulouse.fr 07/01/05
* * 8
& ! 9999 ,,,,
! 1
99991 # ! !
$ #
&
5# ! : ! ! # !1
! # 1!
535#
#
$%# 4 2
' # (1 #
$ #
# # # !
3 #
$ #
4 4 !
; < ' (
7
; <= <, ' # (
$ #
! ! $ #
7 7 ! ! #
4 1 ! !
!
! ! *
! !
$ #
# # 1 / # 0' ( # * ! > *
! # 1 ! / # 0 ? 3 1 #
@ 1 $ # ! #
! # ! > ! # #
# *1 ! !

3. A VERY SIMPLE MICROPROCESSOR JANUARY 2005
3 etienne.sicard@insa-toulouse.fr 07/01/05
4
#
&
&
'535(
#
*
3
7 3
# 8 * ! #
# & ! ' 4 (
#
# & ! '? ! # (
#
# ! ! 3 #
! "
2. Instructions
# # $ # 1 ,A !!
#
No Operation (NOP=0000)
B 7 !! C 1
# * *
Addition (ADD=0001)
! 1
! ! # ? 3 1 ;>1
/ .0 ; <.1 ;><. ! ! D

4. A VERY SIMPLE MICROPROCESSOR JANUARY 2005
4 etienne.sicard@insa-toulouse.fr 07/01/05
Subtraction (SUB=0010)
! # 1
# ! ! #
Get Input (In=0011)
!
Give Output (OUT=0100)
! # 8
* # ! # /E 7 0
Load Instruction (LDA=0101)
6 ! / 0 ? 3 1 6 - ! -
',99, # ! (
3. Program Memory
5# 1 # 3
5# ! # !1 ! #
! />01 /,01
# ! . 5 1 5
F ! # * @
1 # # ! #
#

5. A VERY SIMPLE MICROPROCESSOR JANUARY 2005
5 etienne.sicard@insa-toulouse.fr 07/01/05
G A D $ . > , 9
# $% & # $% &
6 > 9,9, H99,9 93D>
, 99,9 H999, 93>,
74 9,99 H9999 93$9
B7& 9999 H9999 9399
' ! () * * %
# # # + *) # , * * -# # ./ "
//"01 #203
' * !$ ) (,( + &

6. A VERY SIMPLE MICROPROCESSOR JANUARY 2005
6 etienne.sicard@insa-toulouse.fr 07/01/05
4. Executing the instructions
Introducing the micro-instructions
! 3 # 3 !
# ! !! 1 ! $ *
# ! /6 >0 !
/6 >0 1 91,1> $
' %
4
$ * &
, 4
$ * &
2
4
0 # % *
# , #
2
% , # , * # 5
3 ! 1 ! 1 # ! !
! 2 ! I
& , ! #
& >
& . 3 , 1
* ! ! 3
& $ 3 > * !
3
% , # *

7. A VERY SIMPLE MICROPROCESSOR JANUARY 2005
7 etienne.sicard@insa-toulouse.fr 07/01/05
4
#
&
&
'535(
& ,
3
7 3
. #
& ,
4
#
&
&
'535(
& >
3
7 3
#
& >
6 , * 4
No Operation (NOP=0000)
? 2 ' ;,(1 !
'6 ;,( , '? D( >1
1 JB 7 I !!
1 3 '& . $( !
3
$
& , 203
3 3 ' 3 %
. #
7 #
3 8
6 203 # , 4

8. A VERY SIMPLE MICROPROCESSOR JANUARY 2005
8 etienne.sicard@insa-toulouse.fr 07/01/05
Addition (ADD=0001)
! # $%# !
2 1 3 # 1 *
# '& $(1 ! #
! # * ! * $1 !
A
4
#
&
&
'535(
& .
3
7 3
& .
4
#
&
&
'535(
& $
3
7 3
& $
## 9
$ //&
. #
3
$
& , .0 /
3 3 ' 3 %
. #
7 #
3 8
. #:
. #
1*#
5 , * # //

9. A VERY SIMPLE MICROPROCESSOR JANUARY 2005
9 etienne.sicard@insa-toulouse.fr 07/01/05
Subtraction (SUB=0010)
3 ! # !
!! / #0 91 / # 0
Get Input (In=0011)
! . '? A( $1
4
#
&
&
'535(
& .
7
3
& .
4
#
&
&
'535(
& $
3
7 3
& $
3
$
& , 2
3 3 ' 3 %
. #
7 #
3 8
. #
1*#
; , * # 2

10. A VERY SIMPLE MICROPROCESSOR JANUARY 2005
10 etienne.sicard@insa-toulouse.fr 07/01/05
Give Output (OUT=0100)
! ! # .
8 * # * !
$
4
#
&
&
'535(
& .
7 3
& .
4
#
&
&
'535(
& $
3
7 3
& $
( , * # 01
Load Instruction (LDA=0101)
! $%# ! 6 ?
3 1 6 - ! -',99, # ! ( ! G1
! ! # ! # !
1 ! ,99, $
4
#
&
&
'535(
& .
3
7 3
& .
4
#
&
&
'535(
& $
3
7 3
& $

11. A VERY SIMPLE MICROPROCESSOR JANUARY 2005
11 etienne.sicard@insa-toulouse.fr 07/01/05
3
$
& , .0 /
3 3 ' 3 %
. #
7 #
3 8
. #
1*#
< # * ' , # * +/ * %"
* -+
5. Basic Block design
@ ! #%# * !
Accumulator A
# ! % % #
9 . ! 4 1 ! # !
# / # 0 @ # #
/ 0 8 ! ! 'C 1 * # ( % ! !
*

12. A VERY SIMPLE MICROPROCESSOR JANUARY 2005
12 etienne.sicard@insa-toulouse.fr 07/01/05
= #
$ ) + &
Accumulator B
! 1 # ! % %
# 9 . ! 4 / 0 8
! ! 'C 1 * # ( % ! ! *
: $ )
:&+

13. A VERY SIMPLE MICROPROCESSOR JANUARY 2005
13 etienne.sicard@insa-toulouse.fr 07/01/05
Add/subtract Block
# ! #% 1 # # K I
! ! !L7 ! / 4 0 3 ! / 0
1 ! ,>
## $ ) ## + &
$%# ! 2 ! ! % ! ,.
! !
# # ' % ( ! % 1 #
:
• >I !
• ,
7 3 1 # ! # 1
# 1 #% / 0 @ / 0 2 91 9 ! 1 1
, ! 2 1/ #0;9 ! ! 1
' (1 / #0;, ! != ' # (

14. A VERY SIMPLE MICROPROCESSOR JANUARY 2005
14 etienne.sicard@insa-toulouse.fr 07/01/05
' !* // # 1: * $ )
1 + &
1 !
2 !
1 ! ,$ * # 1
# #
! ! 2 # :
• % 1 9 ' ! (1
' ;91 ;9( B *
# /= 0 ,
• 6 * * # / 01! 3 . */6 0
! * . ! !
*
• 6 * * # / 01! 3 > */6 0
! * > ! !
* < / #0 # ! 91
C / # 0 9
• / # 0 , /D01 ! ,$

15. A VERY SIMPLE MICROPROCESSOR JANUARY 2005
15 etienne.sicard@insa-toulouse.fr 07/01/05
% ": # // # 1:
$ )7 7 : +8>&
The input register
!.% # !! 1 ! ,D ! %
# !

16. A VERY SIMPLE MICROPROCESSOR JANUARY 2005
16 etienne.sicard@insa-toulouse.fr 07/01/05
6 * $ ) 7 +8>&
The output Register
# % # 7 ! *1
! * .1
1 8 ! ! 1 B B *
! *1 ! ,A
' %
01 4
$ * &
01 , 4
$ * &
/ # 01
#
8
5 * # # * '

17. A VERY SIMPLE MICROPROCESSOR JANUARY 2005
17 etienne.sicard@insa-toulouse.fr 07/01/05
; * $ )0 7 +8>&
A manual microprocessor
1 # / % 0
1 1 ! ! ,5 !
! ' ( ' 7 ( ! ! 1 #
' # (1 # 3 ! *1 !
* # 'D ( ! #
! :
•
•
• ! !
# ' # / 01 # / 0( #
* # 3 ! ,51 # #
# * # !
3 1 # !! 1 / *01
/ 0 B

18. A VERY SIMPLE MICROPROCESSOR JANUARY 2005
18 etienne.sicard@insa-toulouse.fr 07/01/05
( : # $ ? +8>&
< !) # * $ )7 7 : 0 +8>&
The Phase Generator
! J I ! # 1
# ? 1
! & 9 & .1 ! *

19. A VERY SIMPLE MICROPROCESSOR JANUARY 2005
19 etienne.sicard@insa-toulouse.fr 07/01/05
# # / 0 ! #
L7 1 ! >9
= * $ )7 8 %+ &
* $ )7 8 %+ &
@ # ' (1 2
Program Counter 0 to 15
! '? >>( 1 9 1 !
1 1 3

20. A VERY SIMPLE MICROPROCESSOR JANUARY 2005
20 etienne.sicard@insa-toulouse.fr 07/01/05
4
#
&
&
'535(
3
7 3
* ** * ! ## -
7 # ! 9 ,D % % 1 #
1# * # 1
!
> !
2 1 3 3 ,1
' * +8 # !# * " #
$ )8 5+8>&

21. A VERY SIMPLE MICROPROCESSOR JANUARY 2005
21 etienne.sicard@insa-toulouse.fr 07/01/05
The Instruction Register
! 5%# ! :
! # !1 ! #
# ! % # !! >.1 #
# ! 1 ! % 1
# # # !
1 # ! #
G A D $ . > , 9
# $% & # $% &
% ! # * # * $.
& # * $** &$ ) 7 +8>&

22. A VERY SIMPLE MICROPROCESSOR JANUARY 2005
22 etienne.sicard@insa-toulouse.fr 07/01/05
The MicroInstruction Controler
J I !
J # I J I ! !1
! ! B ? 3 1 9999
B 1 B7& B 9 ,
# !
! 1 ! 1 , ! 1 * 9
#
6 4 *
The Complete Microprocessor
#% #%# * #
# # ! >A
C 1 * / 0 3
! 1

23. A VERY SIMPLE MICROPROCESSOR JANUARY 2005
23 etienne.sicard@insa-toulouse.fr 07/01/05
3 ! >A1 # :
6 , 9,9, H999, 93D,
> 99,9 H99,9 93>>
74 9,99 H9999 93$9
5 # # * !
'>(
*
',(
'.( $
'D(
'$( ?
'A(
#
'G(
'5( 7
#
5 * #! $ ) * +8>&
7 1 :
• % ',(
• * *'>(
• ! *1 # !! 9 ,1 >1 .
# * 9 '.(
• >1
'$(1 /6 '9,9,(0
• F 'D(
• ! ! # 'A(
• ! 2 # 1 * # # 'G(
• ! /74 0 1 1 '5(

24. A VERY SIMPLE MICROPROCESSOR JANUARY 2005
24 etienne.sicard@insa-toulouse.fr 07/01/05
; ## # * * * # 5 $ )
* +8>&
Memory Move
7 ! B7 # ' 7 (
! ! 1 @
I # ! ! ! M !
# ! ! !
7 ! ! 1 !
! 2 : .1 1
# # !
# 1 ! !! #
! >5

25. A VERY SIMPLE MICROPROCESSOR JANUARY 2005
25 etienne.sicard@insa-toulouse.fr 07/01/05
4
#
&
&
'535(
&
3
7 3
: 7 #
4
#
&
&
'535(
&
3
7 3
: 7 # #
3
$& ,
$&/
* !
$'& !
##
( # ! * # 0
1 7 # 8 # # '@
# (1 $%# # ! 1
& K 3
Physical Implementation
Description of the design flow
# # C1
! # 7@ B !
! >- @ 67E ! "
→→→→ # $ " 3 ! %&%1 67E 1
! 7@ B 1 !
7@ B 1 →→→→ # $ "

26. A VERY SIMPLE MICROPROCESSOR JANUARY 2005
26 etienne.sicard@insa-toulouse.fr 07/01/05
' !(
' %&%(
C.
7@ B
' '(
< 8 * # * " 7 .0@
VERILOG translation
# 1 .,> # !
! #
% 67E
'= A ! # 7 .0@
# ## *

27. A VERY SIMPLE MICROPROCESSOR JANUARY 2005
27 etienne.sicard@insa-toulouse.fr 07/01/05
' * - 7 .0@ # * %) * $- )
* +8>&
! 1 %# 535# *
3 # # !535 #
! .9 !
# # J@ I 'B,(
' # - ! * ! # - $- ) ! + &
'. 5 (
5#

28. A VERY SIMPLE MICROPROCESSOR JANUARY 2005
28 etienne.sicard@insa-toulouse.fr 07/01/05
Conclusion
1 $%# # 1 D #
! ! # 3 3 1
3 # 1 ! 1
#
References
),+ & 1N / 01 1E % 1 B 9%9>%
599D-$%D1,-->14