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Ch15 Psychological Disorders
- 2. WHAT ARE PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS? PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER: a pattern of affect, behavior, and/or cognition that is… • Deviant • Distressful • Dysfunctional • Dangerous •What are the benefits and drawbacks of receiving a diagnosis?
- 4. WHAT ARE PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS? Where does your anxiety level fall on a continuum of measurement? Do you have an anxiety disorder?
- 5. WHAT ARE PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS? COMORBIDITY: having more than one disorder at a time
- 6. WHAT ARE PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS? ASSESSMENT: examining affect, behavior and cognition to diagnose a psychological disorder
- 7. WHAT ARE PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS? DIATHESIS-STRESS MODEL: disorders are a result of underlying vulnerability plus precipitating events
- 8. WHAT ARE PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS? Bio- logical • Genetics • Prenatal • Nutrition • Toxins • CNS Psycho- logical • Personality • Thinking Patterns • Learning History • Stress Responses Socio- cultural • Cultural Norms • Prejudice • Violence • Poverty • Abuse
- 10. WHAT ARE PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS? INTERNALIZING DISORDERS: characterized by negative emotions
- 13. ANXIETY DISORDERS: distressing, persistent anxiety OR behaviors that reduce anxiety ANXIETY DISORDERS
- 14. SPECIFIC PHOBIA: unreasonable, irrational fear AND/OR avoidance of the feared object or situation Prevalence: 12.5% ANXIETY DISORDERS
- 15. SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER: fear of being negatively evaluated by others Prevalence: 12% ANXIETY DISORDERS
- 16. ANXIETY DISORDERS •GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER: diffuse constant anxiety not linked to any specific object or event •Prevalence: 5.7%
- 17. ANXIETY DISORDERS •PANIC DISORDER: repeated episodes of sudden, overwhelming terror Prevalence: 4.7% •AGORAPHOBIA: fear of being in inescapable situations Prevalence: 1.3%
- 19. ANXIETY RELATED DISORDERS OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER: •OBSESSION: unwanted thought, feeling, image, or urge •COMPULSION: repetitive behavior used to control the obsession Prevalence: 2.3%
- 20. ANXIETY RELATED DISORDERS POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER: reaction to severe trauma 1. Re-experiencing 2. Avoidance 3. Hyperarousal Prevalence: 7%
- 22. MOOD DISORDERS MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER: •Dysphoria •Lethargy •Low self-esteem •Anhedonia •Disturbances of sleep, eating, concentration •For at least 2 weeks Prevalence: 16.9% Subtypes of Depression: • Seasonal Pattern • Peripartum • Persistent Depressive Disorder
- 23. Depression Genetics Monoamine Deficiency Left PFC Biological Rhythms Life Stress MOOD DISORDERS Biological Factors for Depression
- 24. Depression Negative Thoughts Learned Helplessness Attributions Relationships Rumination Psychological & Social Factors for Depression MOOD DISORDERS
- 25. MOOD DISORDERS BIPOLAR DISORDER: the experience of one or more manic episodes as well as periods of depression Prevalence: 1% MANIA: elevated mood with: • Inflated self-esteem • Pressured speech, flight of ideas • Increased goal-directed behavior • Sleep issues • Risky behavior
- 26. MOOD DISORDERS “There is a particular kind of pain, elation, loneliness, and terror involved in this kind of madness. When you’re high, it is tremendous. The ideas and feelings are fast and frequent like shooting stars, and you follow them until you find better and brighter ones... But, somewhere, this changes. The fast ideas are far too fast, and there are far too many; overwhelming confusion replaces clarity... You are ... enmeshed totally in the blackest caves of the mind. You never knew these caves were there. It will never end, for madness carves its own reality." 26
- 27. MOOD DISORDERS Relationship % Risk General Population 1% 2nd degree relative 3-7% Sibling 15-25% Fraternal Twin 15-25% One Parent 15-30% Both Parents 50-75% Identical Twin 70% Genetic Risk for Bipolar Disorder
- 29. SCHIZOPHRENIA 2 or more of the following: Delusions Hallucinations Disorganized Speech Disorganized Behavior Negative Symptoms Dysfunction in at least one area Relationships Occupation Self-Care Symptoms for at least 6 months SCHIZOPHRENIA: characterized by motor, cognitive, behavioral, and perceptual abnormalities Prevalence: 1% •Onset in early adulthood •The Rule of Thirds: •1/3 recover fully •1/3 cycle between relapse & recovery •1/3 never recover
- 30. SCHIZOPHRENIA •HALLUCINATIONS: false sensory perceptions that have no external source •DELUSIONS: false beliefs based on incorrect inferences about reality
- 31. SCHIZOPHRENIA •DISORGANIZED SPEECH •Incoherent, hard to follow •Loose associations •Clang •DISORGANIZED BEHAVIOR •Agitation •Childishness •Catatonia •Echolalia •Hypergraphia
- 33. SCHIZOPHRENIA • Genetics • Brain Anatomy • Dopamine • Events During Pregnancy • Family Dysfunction • Marijuana Use
- 34. SCHIZOPHRENIA