There are five elements of physical fitness: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition. Various exercises target different elements - aerobic exercises like jogging and swimming improve cardiorespiratory endurance, while anaerobic exercises like weight lifting build muscular strength and endurance. Tests can evaluate each element, and engaging in a range of aerobic, anaerobic, and stretching exercises overall improves physical fitness.

1. Improving Your Fitness
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2. Different types of exercise can help
you evaluate and improve the
various elements of fitness.

3. cardiorespiratory endurance
muscular strength
muscular endurance
flexibility
aerobic exercise
anaerobic exercise

4. Elements of Fitness
There are five elements of fitness that affect
your health in different ways.
The five elements are cardiosrespiratory
endurance, muscular strength, muscular
endurance, flexibility, and body composition.

5. Elements of Fitness
If you have cardiorespiratory endurance, you
can run a mile or go on a long hike without tiring.
Cardiorespiratory endurance
The ability of your heart, lungs, and blood
vessels to send fuel and oxygen to your
tissues during long periods of moderate to
vigorous activity

6. Elements of Fitness
You need muscular strength for all kinds of
activities that put stress on your muscles, such
as lifting, pushing, and jumping.
Muscular strength
The amount of force your
muscles can exert

7. Elements of Fitness
Muscular endurance gives you the power to
carry out daily tasks without fatigue, such as
carrying boxes up and down a flight of stairs.
Muscular endurance
The ability of your muscles to perform
physical tasks over a period of time
without tiring

8. Elements of Fitness
Flexibility can improve your athletic
performance and reduce your risk of muscle
strain and other injuries.
Flexibility
The ability to move your body
parts through their full range
of motion

9. Elements of Fitness
Your body composition is the ratio of fat to lean
tissue in your body.
Having low overall body fat reduces your risk of
cardiovascular disease and other health
problems associated with being overweight.

10. Evaluating Your Fitness
You can use different tests to evaluate each
element of your fitness.
You can use tests to measure your
cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength
and endurance, and flexibility.

11. Measuring Cardiorespiratory Endurance
You can evaluate your
cardiorespiratory endurance by
doing a three-minute step test.

12. Measuring Muscular Strength and Endurance
You can measure the strength and endurance of
your abdominal muscles by doing a partial curl-ups
test.

13. Measuring Muscular Strength and Endurance
You can measure the
strength and endurance
of your upper body by
doing a right-angle
push-ups test.

14. Measuring Flexibility
The sit-and-reach
test measures
the flexibility of
your lower back
and hamstring
muscles.

15. Getting Fit
Use different forms of exercise to improve
the various elements of your fitness.
Most exercises and activities fit into two basic
categories: aerobic and anaerobic.

16. Getting Fit
Aerobic exercise raises your heart rate and
increases your body’s use of oxygen. Jogging,
swimming, and riding a bike are examples.
Aerobic exercise
All rhythmic activities that use large
muscle groups for an extended
period of time

17. Getting Fit
Sprinting and lifting weights are examples of
anaerobic exercise.
Anaerobic exercise
Intense, short bursts of activity in
which the muscles work so hard
that they produce energy without
using oxygen

18. Improving Cardiorespiratory Endurance
Aerobic exercise increases your heart rate and
pumps more blood throughout your body.
Over time, your heart and lungs adapt to the
demands made by aerobic activity by working
more efficiently.

19. Improving Muscular Strength and Endurance
Anaerobic exercises improve muscular strength
and endurance.
Exercises like lifting weights strengthen the
muscles and are known as resistance or strength
training.

20. Improving Muscular Strength and Endurance
Ways to Use Resistance to Work Your Muscles
Isometric
Exercises
Isotonic
Exercises
Isokinetic
Exercises

21. Improving Muscular Strength and Endurance
Isometric exercises use muscle tension to improve
strength with little or no movement of the body
part.
Pushing against a wall or other immovable object
is an example of isometric exercise.

22. Improving Muscular Strength and Endurance
Isotonic exercises combine movement of the joints
with contraction of the muscles, building flexibility
and strength.
Lifting free weights or doing calisthenics, such as
pull-ups, push-ups, and sit-ups are examples of
isotonic exercises.

23. Improving Muscular Strength and Endurance
Isokinetic exercises exert resistance against a
muscle as it moves through a range of motion at a
steady rate of speed.
Various types of weight machines and other
exercise equipment provide isokinetic exercise.

24. Improving Flexibility
Stretching exercises improve your flexibility,
circulation, posture, and coordination.
They also reduce your risk of injury during other
activities.

25. Exercise and Bone Strength
Weight-bearing exercises work with gravity, and
are good for strengthening bones.
Strength training, walking, aerobics, and dancing
are all weight-bearing exercises.

26. After You Read
Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary
1. What are the five elements of fitness?
Cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular
strength, muscular endurance, flexibility,
body composition

27. After You Read
Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary
2. Which element of fitness does the sit and
reach test measure?
Flexibility

28. After You Read
Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary
3. What kind of exercise would you do to
improve your cardiorespiratory
endurance?
Aerobic exercise