Ch 24_The 1950s
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Eisenhower was elected president in 1952, choosing Richard Nixon as his vice president. Eisenhower ran on a campaign promising to end the Korean War and appealed to voters with his message of stability and security. Despite attacks against Nixon, Eisenhower easily won the election. As president, Eisenhower pursued fiscal conservatism while maintaining New Deal programs. He also emphasized deterrence over military strength in foreign policy and escalated US involvement in Vietnam against communist influences.
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CH_24_The 1950s
Eisenhower was elected president in 1952, running on a platform to end the Korean War. He chose Richard Nixon as his vice president. Eisenhower and the Republicans appealed to voters with their message of stability amid fears of nuclear war. Eisenhower kept many New Deal programs but reined in spending. His "New Look" military policy emphasized deterrence over traditional forces. The 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision banned racial segregation in schools, fueling the civil rights movement. Despite tensions over issues like Vietnam and civil rights, the 1950s saw economic prosperity and growth of suburban America.
Decolonization
The document summarizes the process of decolonization and nation-building after World War II. It discusses the rise of anti-colonial nationalism, patterns of independence like civil war, negotiated independence, and incomplete decolonization. It also examines decolonization processes in different regions, including French colonies in North Africa, West Africa, Southern Africa, Central Africa, and the Congo.
Lbj and vietnam
The document discusses the US involvement in the Vietnam War under President Lyndon B. Johnson. It describes how the US initially provided support to France in fighting communist forces led by Ho Chi Minh. It then escalated its own involvement throughout the 1960s despite growing domestic opposition, leading to the deployment of 500,000 troops by 1968. The Tet Offensive in early 1968 was a major turning point that turned US public opinion against the war and led to LBJ deciding not to seek re-election.
Decolonisation process
The document discusses the debates around the decolonization of West Africa. It outlines that decolonization took different forms across West Africa, including peaceful transitions, violence, and civil unrest. Scholars debate whether decolonization was driven more by internal factors like emerging nationalist movements and economic grievances, or external factors such as the formation of the UN and changes in global power dynamics after World War II. The document examines evidence for factors on both sides of the debate.
Eoct review questions gps 21 technology and economy 1945 1975
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20th century Decolonization Intro
This document discusses decolonization and independence movements in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East from the 1920s to 1980s. It overviewed how many regions in these parts of the world freed themselves from European imperial dominance by the mid-20th century through processes like European withdrawal, revolutions overthrowing Europeans, and non-violent independence movements. Some of the key causes that led to decolonization included education and information acquired by local populations, the two World Wars, and the growth of nationalism as people questioned European superiority. The results were many new independent nation-states, though economic dependency and gaps between rich and poor persisted as problems in some places.
Eoct review questions gps 22 24 civil rights
The document summarizes key people and events of the civil rights movement from the 1950s-1960s, including:
- The Voting Rights Act of 1965 which increased African American voter registration.
- Martin Luther King Jr. as the leader of the nonviolent civil rights movement who was assassinated in 1968.
- The Civil Rights Act of 1964 which prohibited segregation and discrimination.
- Resistance to school desegregation through events like the Little Rock Nine.
- Important Supreme Court cases like Brown v. Board of Education and Miranda v. Arizona under the Warren Court.
- The assassinations of JFK, Malcolm X, and Robert F. Kennedy in the tumultuous year
Decolonisation
Decolonization refers to the process by which colonies become independent nations. It occurred from 1945-1960 as countries that had been ruled by European colonial powers gained autonomy and self-governance. Key drivers of decolonization included nationalist movements inspired by leaders like Gandhi, contributions by colonies during World War 2, and the rise of ideologies supporting self-determination. The end of colonial rule had political, economic, and social consequences for newly independent nations.
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CH_24_The 1950s
Eisenhower was elected president in 1952, running on a platform to end the Korean War. He chose Richard Nixon as his vice president. Eisenhower and the Republicans appealed to voters with their message of stability amid fears of nuclear war. Eisenhower kept many New Deal programs but reined in spending. His "New Look" military policy emphasized deterrence over traditional forces. The 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision banned racial segregation in schools, fueling the civil rights movement. Despite tensions over issues like Vietnam and civil rights, the 1950s saw economic prosperity and growth of suburban America.
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The document summarizes the process of decolonization and nation-building after World War II. It discusses the rise of anti-colonial nationalism, patterns of independence like civil war, negotiated independence, and incomplete decolonization. It also examines decolonization processes in different regions, including French colonies in North Africa, West Africa, Southern Africa, Central Africa, and the Congo.
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The document discusses the US involvement in the Vietnam War under President Lyndon B. Johnson. It describes how the US initially provided support to France in fighting communist forces led by Ho Chi Minh. It then escalated its own involvement throughout the 1960s despite growing domestic opposition, leading to the deployment of 500,000 troops by 1968. The Tet Offensive in early 1968 was a major turning point that turned US public opinion against the war and led to LBJ deciding not to seek re-election.
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The document discusses the debates around the decolonization of West Africa. It outlines that decolonization took different forms across West Africa, including peaceful transitions, violence, and civil unrest. Scholars debate whether decolonization was driven more by internal factors like emerging nationalist movements and economic grievances, or external factors such as the formation of the UN and changes in global power dynamics after World War II. The document examines evidence for factors on both sides of the debate.
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20th century Decolonization Intro
This document discusses decolonization and independence movements in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East from the 1920s to 1980s. It overviewed how many regions in these parts of the world freed themselves from European imperial dominance by the mid-20th century through processes like European withdrawal, revolutions overthrowing Europeans, and non-violent independence movements. Some of the key causes that led to decolonization included education and information acquired by local populations, the two World Wars, and the growth of nationalism as people questioned European superiority. The results were many new independent nation-states, though economic dependency and gaps between rich and poor persisted as problems in some places.
Eoct review questions gps 22 24 civil rights
The document summarizes key people and events of the civil rights movement from the 1950s-1960s, including:
- The Voting Rights Act of 1965 which increased African American voter registration.
- Martin Luther King Jr. as the leader of the nonviolent civil rights movement who was assassinated in 1968.
- The Civil Rights Act of 1964 which prohibited segregation and discrimination.
- Resistance to school desegregation through events like the Little Rock Nine.
- Important Supreme Court cases like Brown v. Board of Education and Miranda v. Arizona under the Warren Court.
- The assassinations of JFK, Malcolm X, and Robert F. Kennedy in the tumultuous year
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Decolonization refers to the process by which colonies become independent nations. It occurred from 1945-1960 as countries that had been ruled by European colonial powers gained autonomy and self-governance. Key drivers of decolonization included nationalist movements inspired by leaders like Gandhi, contributions by colonies during World War 2, and the rise of ideologies supporting self-determination. The end of colonial rule had political, economic, and social consequences for newly independent nations.
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Decolonization Overview
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Decolonization refers to the process by which colonized territories gained independence from imperial rule. There are two main definitions - one views it as territories legally becoming independent sovereign states, while the other sees it as reversing the impacts of European imperialism on political, economic, social and cultural aspects. Decolonization occurred as colonized peoples thirsted for freedom, World War II weakened colonial powers' perceived invulnerability, and anti-colonialism grew internationally through organizations like the United Nations. Scholars like Tony Chafer, Martin Shipway, and Martin Thomas have contributed to the study of decolonization.
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2) Railroads expanded greatly due to steel, facilitating westward expansion and economic growth by connecting farms and industries across long distances. They relied on steel produced cheaply by Carnegie.
3) Chinese and Irish immigrants faced difficult and dangerous conditions building the transcontinental railroad but were essential to its completion in 1869, connecting the country by rail coast to coast.
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- In India, nationalist leaders built a strong Hindu base but alienated Muslims, and figures like B.G. Tilak advocated for Hindu nationalism, causing concern for minority religions. Mohandas Gandhi later advocated for non-violent resistance.
- In Egypt, the British occupied in 1882 and imposed economic reforms benefiting elites but not masses. Nationalism emerged from the middle-class Effendi, but they failed to build mass support like in India. Uprisings increased calls for independence.
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- The document discusses decolonization in various regions following World War 1, including India, Egypt, Turkey, Palestine, and parts of Africa.
- In India, nationalist leaders built a strong Hindu base but alienated Muslims, and figures like B.G. Tilak advocated for Hindu nationalism, causing concern for minority religions. Mohandas Gandhi later advocated for non-violent resistance.
- In Egypt, the British occupied in 1882 and imposed economic reforms benefiting elites but not masses. Nationalism emerged from the middle-class Effendi, but they failed to build mass support like in India. Uprisings increased calls for independence.
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Between the 1920s and 1980s, many regions in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East gained independence from European colonial rule through various means such as non-violent protest movements, revolutions that overthrew European powers, and peaceful withdrawals. Nationalist sentiments grew as locals received more education and questioned European claims of superiority, and decolonization was further spurred by the world wars and anti-colonial wars within territories. However, independence did not solve all problems as new nations struggled with economic dependence and inequality.
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Eoct review questions gps 11 14 industrialization expansion progressive era i...
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Decolonization in the post wwi era (part 2 of chapter 21)
Decolonization in the post wwi era (part 2 of chapter 21)
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This document discusses the history of civil rights in America from the late 18th century to the mid-20th century. It describes how civil rights were initially established in the Constitution and Bill of Rights but excluded many groups. The Civil War and subsequent amendments extended some rights to freed slaves, but these were not fully enforced. Later acts sought to protect civil rights but were invalidated by the Supreme Court. Landmark cases like Plessy v. Ferguson established the separate but equal doctrine and allowed segregation. From the late 1800s to 1944, southern states passed measures like literacy tests and poll taxes to restrict black voting rights.
Ch 27 the 1990s
George H.W. Bush presided over the end of the Cold War and the decline of the Soviet Union. He launched the Gulf War in response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. Bill Clinton defeated Bush in 1992 and presided over a period of economic growth but was impeached for perjury related to an affair with Monica Lewinsky. The 2000 election between Al Gore and George W. Bush was extremely close and controversial, ultimately being decided by the Supreme Court in Bush's favor.
Ch 23_The Cold War Era
The post-war US economy saw rapid population growth, reconversion of factories to consumer goods, and increased consumer spending, leading to economic recovery. The GI Bill provided education and home loans for veterans, fueling suburban housing growth and reinforcing middle-class values. The onset of the Cold War brought tensions with the Soviet Union, leading to the policy of Soviet containment to block expansion. This included the Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, and formation of NATO to promote democracy and Western influence in Europe in response to the Soviet occupation of Eastern Europe.
Ch 8 Age Of Agrarian Discontent
This document summarizes the development of railroads and their economic impact in Texas from the 1870s to early 1900s. It discusses how the Railroad Land Grant Law of 1876 subsidized railroad expansion by granting land. This led to rapid growth but also speculation and ghost towns. The railroad network connected farmers to new markets but also concentrated wealth and power. The growth of industries like lumber and the problems of tenant farming and unions are also covered.
Ch 7 A Frontier Society In Transition
This document provides information on the population and demographics of Texas from 1870 to 1900. Some key points:
- The population steadily increased overall and in urban areas during this period, while the black population steadily decreased. Immigration was primarily from southern states.
- Ranching expanded after the Civil War, especially in South Texas, fueled by demand from northern beef markets. Large ranches like the King Ranch emerged. Farming followed ranching.
- Native American tribes like the Comanches still controlled West Texas in the 1870s, but the US Army forcibly removed them to reservations through attacks on villages and slaughtering of pony herds. Their nomadic lifestyle made them difficult to defeat.
- Town
Govt 2306 ch_11
The document discusses fiscal policy in Texas. It notes that Texas has traditionally taken a low-tax approach to fiscal policy, with a commitment to balanced budgets through low spending levels. The state's tax policy emphasizes regressive sales taxes over income taxes. Business taxes include franchise taxes and selective taxes on industries like oil and gas. Texas ranks low in per capita government spending and tax burden compared to other states. Revenue also comes from selective sales taxes on items like cigarettes, alcohol, and fuel as well as lottery proceeds and federal grants.
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Similar to Ch 24_The 1950s
A.p. ch 38 p.p
The document provides an overview of key events and issues during Dwight Eisenhower's presidency from 1952-1960. Some highlights include:
- Eisenhower was elected in 1952 on a message of ending the Korean War and bringing calm after years of global conflict.
- He had to deal with the rise of Senator Joseph McCarthy and communism fears. The Army-McCarthy hearings in 1954 helped turn public opinion against McCarthy.
- The Supreme Court's 1954 Brown v. Board decision requiring school desegregation was a landmark, but met strong resistance in the South. Eisenhower had to send troops to integrate schools in Little Rock in 1957.
- The civil rights movement gained momentum through figures like Martin Luther King
LOAPUSH 37 I like Ike
During the Eisenhower era of the 1950s, the United States experienced an economic boom driven by suburban home building, growth in electronics and aerospace, and a shift to more white-collar jobs. Women increasingly entered the workforce, though the 1950s ideal still emphasized domesticity. Betty Friedan's 1963 book The Feminine Mystique sparked the modern feminist movement. Consumerism expanded with new technologies like credit cards and entertainment forms including television and rock music. Eisenhower ended the Korean War and pursued a "New Look" foreign policy emphasizing nuclear deterrence over conventional forces. However, events like the Soviet invasions of Hungary and developments in the Middle East challenged this strategy. The civil rights movement gained momentum through the NA
60s ppt Issues and Themes
The document provides context about JFK and early 1960s America. It describes the contradictions in American society and culture at the time including racism, sexism, suburban conformity versus individualism, and the influence of big business. It outlines key events like the Bay of Pigs invasion and Cuban Missile Crisis, both of which involved attempts to remove Fidel Castro from power in Cuba and confront Soviet influence. The document also summarizes the rise of youth and counterculture in the 1960s fueled by rock music, the sexual revolution, and consumerism.
5.2 post wwii and _cold_war
The Cold War had major impacts on Canada in the 1950s. Newfoundland joined Canada as a province in 1949. Canada's economy and population boomed during this period due to resource development and the post-war baby boom. However, the emerging Cold War between Western democracies led by the US and communist states led by the Soviet Union also influenced Canada. Canada participated in the Korean War and joined NATO and NORAD partnerships for continental defense. The Soviet launch of Sputnik began the Space Race and nuclear arms buildup caused fears of nuclear war. Domestically, the Avro Arrow jet was cancelled, damaging Canada's aviation industry. Internationally, Lester Pearson helped resolve the 1956 Suez Crisis diplomatically
The 1950s were a time in American history of tremendous affluence. .docx
The 1950s were a time in American history of tremendous affluence. Americans enjoyed a level of prosperity and comfort not seen in many years. The middle class expanded during this decade as millions of Americans returned to their lives after the war. They could buy homes in the growing suburbs, televisions and other consumer products. American prosperity, however, came with its own problems. First, the United States had to address its racial problems, particularly in the American South and segregation. The Civil Rights movement fought to end Jim Crow laws and many white Americans worked to undermine equality. The desegregation of American schools, which began in earnest after the 1954 Supreme Court case
Brown v. Board of Education,
set off a firestorm in the United States over the integration of public schools. Second, women were expected to go back into the homes to raise children and take on traditional gender roles. Third, Americans lived during a time of atomic anxiety. They feared a nuclear war with the Soviet Union that would have killed millions of people. Not all Americans conformed to what society expected of them. Teenagers, the Beat writers and poets, artists and Rock and Roll challenged the status quo in American society. Finally, in American politics, former Allied commander Dwight Eisenhower won the presidency in 1952 and reelection in 1956. He was the first Republican to win the White House since Herbert Hoover in 1928. Eisenhower was a
moderate
Republican who supported many New Deal programs, cutting military spending and balancing the budget. (Essentially, Eisenhower would not be welcome in today’s Republican Party). He would lead America during this decade of prosperity but also the trials facing the nation over Civil Rights and the Cold War.
Required Reading:
www.americanyawp.com——American YAWP Chapter 26.
Primary Sources:
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
(1954)
Richard Nixon on the American Standard of Living (1959)
John F. Kennedy on the Separation of Church and State (1960)
Little Rock Rally (1959)
QUIZ 9 (Short Essay format!)
Describe the prosperity of the 1950s. What changes did Americans encounter after the war? How did many Americans, such as Vice President Richard Nixon, see their prosperity in relation to the rest of the world. How and why did some Americans challenge the status quo of the 1950s? What did the Supreme Court rule in
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
in 1954? How did many white Americans react to this ruling? How did the United States government enforce the integration of public schools? Finally, when he ran for president in 1960, how did John F. Kennedy reassure Americans about his Catholic faith and the separation of church and state? Use specifics/direct quotes from these primary sources!
.
The Fracturing of the New Deal CoalitionThe credibility” issu.docx
The Fracturing of the New Deal Coalition
The “credibility” issue: Many will increasingly distrust what their government tells them. The Vietnam War will indicate to many that their government cannot be trusted.
In the 1950s, many regarded the government as the engine of growth. Between the 1950s and 1960s, however, many began to grow suspicious of government action. Rather than providing for an improved
McCarthyism
Student Activism
Students for a More Democratic Society
“The Port Huron Statement,” 1962
“We are people of this generation, bred in at least modest comfort, housed now in universities, looking uncomfortably to the world we inherit.”
Answering a Question on the Review Sheet!!!
How did fear of foreign communism help to shape post-war American culture? Why were many concerned that the effort to fight communism overseas my have a negative impact on Freedom and democracy at home?
The Civil Rights Era or the Black Freedom Movement
Historians have had a tendency to isolate the events of the late 1950s and the 1960s from the broader chronology of African Americans pushing for civil rights.
The Life of Ella Baker
Ella Baker’s life demonstrates the difficulty of limiting the civil rights era to the 1950s and 1960s.
Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka
From Chief Justice Earl Warren’s decision: “We come then to the question presented: Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other ‘tangible’ factors may be equal deprive the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities? We believe that it does.”
The Actions of Civil Rights Activists also helped to build momentum for Civil Rights
Montgomery Bus Boycotts, 1955 -- largely failed to get national attention.
Violence in other places around the South, however, provided powerful images for the national media.
Little Rock, Arkansas
In 1957, President Eisenhower sent the 101 Airborne division to enforce a court order forcing integration of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas.
Woolworth Sit Ins
In 1960, four black college students from North Carolina A&T in Greensboro decided to sit at the “whites only” counter in their local F.W. Woolworth and order coffee and doughnuts.
For the Michigan students who would organize the SDS in 1962, it seemed like an advance for democracy and were excited about joining the movement to topple Jim Crow in the United States.
Answering a Question on the Review Sheet!!!
How was the “sit-in” movement of 1960 an outgrowth of earlier protests? What major differences divided the various groups—SNCC, SCLC, NAACP, CORE, and others—that were active in protesting against white supremacy in the 1960s?
Violence in Birmingham
Growing Pressures on the Democratic Party
In the 1960s, the Democratic Party would suffer the impossible challenge of defeating communism, satisfying the concerns of student activists, meeting the demands o.
Cold War Culture (Spring 2012)
The document provides context on the origins and development of the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union following World War II. It discusses key events like the Potsdam Conference, Winston Churchill's "Iron Curtain" speech, and George Kennan's "Long Telegram" that increased tensions. It also covers the creation of institutions and adoption of policies like NATO and containment that characterized the emerging conflict between the two superpowers.
Unit 10 PowerPoint (The 1950s and 1960s)
The document provides an overview of America in the 1950s. It discusses several key events and trends of the decade including the GI Bill providing benefits for WWII veterans, the baby boom, suburban expansion, technological advances like television and the polio vaccine, and the rise of rock and roll music. It also summarizes civil rights progress under Truman and cultural aspects like television shows and movies that were popular during the 1950s.
1960s counter culture
The 1960s saw the rise of a counter-culture movement in response to social and political events of the decade. The civil rights movement achieved some successes through legislation but continued to face violent resistance from white communities. Figures like Martin Luther King Jr. advocated non-violence, though the government response was at times still brutal. Meanwhile, other groups began advocating more confrontational tactics in the fight for racial justice and social change.
Running head Civil Rights Leaders Malcolm X1Civil Rights L.docx
Running head: Civil Rights Leaders: Malcolm X
1
Civil Rights Leaders: Malcolm X
3Civil Rights Leaders: Malcolm X
Student’s Name
Institution Affiliation
Civil Rights Leaders: Malcolm X
Malcolm X born as Malcolm Little in 1925 Omaha Nebraska will be remembered for many things, but mostly, he is remembered for being one of the most African Americans in history. He was orphaned at an early age after his father was killed and his mother placed in a mental institution. He was later arrested and imprisoned at 20 for larceny and in there he become a member of the Nation of Islam. After his parole in 1952, he was become one of the top most leaders of the organization. His name X was a name he took up while in prison to symbolize his stolen African Identity and the fact that the Nation Islam spoke of Europeans as Immoral and advocated for Black Nationalism and racial separatism pulled Malcolm to the organization. This is the same message he spoke to people while in and out of prison and it captured many people’s hearts (History, 2016).
He will be remembered for his leadership in Islam that saw the population grow from 400 to 40,000 members in a span of 10 years. He exhorted black communities to cast of Slavism by whichever means possible, violence inclusive. He was the first African American to form the Afro-American Unity organization where he spoke with so much conviction that the problem facing African-Americans in the U.S.A. was racism and not the white counter parts as many would have thought. Malcolm will be remembered for making speeches that racism should be rid of as it was the greatest foe to African-Americans and his passion for the rights of his people made his movement gain many followers and he became one of the most influential civil rights movement in history (History, 2016).
References
History. (2016). This Day In History: Malcomm X Assasinated. History, 1.
HIS 1120, American History II 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VII
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
8. Analyze the social, political, and economic impact on civil rights from the mid-20th century to
today.
Reading Assignment
H. J. Res. 1145, 88th Cong. 88-408 (1964) (enacted). Retrieved from
http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?doc=98&page=transcript
Kennedy, J. F. (1962, September 12). 1962-09-12 Rice University [Speech]. Retrieved from
http://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/MkATdOcdU06X5uNHbmqm1Q.aspx
Kennedy, R. F. (1968, April 4). 1968-04-04 RFK on MLK [Audio file]. Retrieved from
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1968-04-04_RFK_on_MLK.ogg
The Bay of Pigs. (n.d.). JFK in history. Retrieved from http://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/JFK-in-History/The-Bay-of-
Pigs.aspx
In order to access the resources below, you must first log into the myWaldorf Student Portal and access the
America: History and Life with Full Text database within the Waldorf Online Library.
In order to access the following resource(s ...
Tabakian Pols 5 PP7 Fall 2014
This document provides a summary of topics covered in a lecture on Western political thought, including:
- Biographies of writers Meridel Le Sueur and photographers Agee & Evans
- An overview of FDR's "Four Freedoms" speech and policies leading up to WWII
- Discussion of post-WWII America's economic prosperity and rise of the Cold War
- Synopses of books by Betty Friedan on women's roles and W.H. Whyte on "Organization Men"
- Mention of the Beat Generation writer J.C. Holmes and rebellion against 1950s conformity
Presidents Truman to Ford Powerpoint
The document provides biographical information and accomplishments of U.S. presidents Harry Truman through Richard Nixon. It notes that Truman took over after FDR's death and dealt with the transition to peacetime economy after WWII. His accomplishments included the Marshall Plan and recognizing Israel. John F. Kennedy served as president from 1961-1963 until his assassination, focusing on space exploration and civil rights. Lyndon Johnson passed major civil rights legislation and launched the Great Society program. Richard Nixon ended U.S. involvement in Vietnam and established the EPA while also resigning due to the Watergate scandal.
America Compared
Though the United States claims not to be an empire, it has acted in imperialist ways since World War 2 by enforcing its power and priorities globally. After the war, America's economic might surpassed even Britain's height. While not taking direct control of territories, the US used its influence to open foreign markets and shape the global order. This unilateral approach under Reagan led to debates around an "American empire" and accusations the US exempted itself from international rules, though it denied being an empire and saw itself as promoting stability. Some embraced the idea of an American empire to spread democracy and human rights.
A.p. ch 39 power point
Kennedy came into office promising a "New Frontier" and change after a complacent 1950s. His youth and vigor inspired Americans. Key programs included the Peace Corps, pushing to put a man on the moon, and proposals to aid education and the elderly. However, Kennedy faced challenges like a weak economy and tensions with the Soviet Union over Berlin and Cuba. The Cuban Missile Crisis in particular brought the world close to nuclear war. Kennedy also had to navigate the growing Civil Rights movement and calls for desegregation amid violence. His assassination in 1963 left America in mourning and Vice President Johnson took over promising to carry on Kennedy's legacy through programs like the Great Society, aimed at reducing poverty.
Video Reflection 1 Keckler-Alexander
The document discusses David Farber's thesis in his book The Age of Great Dreams about interpreting the 1960s in context of the "American Century" and as a result of emerging new ideas and values in the "human marketplace." It also discusses themes of the 1960s like change, self-expression, and responsibility. The author believes the turbulence of the 1960s was a "perfect storm" brought on by simmering social issues, the assassination of JFK, the Vietnam War, and the rise of mass media and television news, which psychologically impacted Americans and prevented a return to normalcy after traumatic events.
CH_20_The Roaring Twenties
This document discusses the rise of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s, particularly in Texas. It describes the reemergence of the KKK in 1915 led by William Joseph Simmons. Membership grew rapidly in Texas in the early 1920s, including prominent chapters in Houston, Dallas, and Waco. Tensions rose following a violent confrontation between the Waco KKK and local law enforcement in Lorena, Texas in 1921. The document also outlines a meeting of KKK leaders in Waco to determine which candidate for U.S. Senate in 1922 would receive the group's official endorsement, known as the "Waco Agreement."
I. Origins of American War in Vietnam19th Century French In
I. Origins of American War in Vietnam
19th Century: French Indochina, spawns underground independence movements
World War II: occupied by Japanese; U.S. works with Ho Chi Minh’s forces, the Viet Minh
1945-1954: French return, install puppet government, U.S. sends millions
American Escalation
1954: Battle of Dien Bien Phu
Geneva Conference, temporary boundary at 17th parallel, national elections in 1956
U.S. intervenes; installs Ngo Dinh Diem in South
Diem: Catholic, residing in New Jersey
Viet Minh form NLF or Vietcong; wage war against Diem regime
Buddhists rebel: protest, self-immolation
1963: Diem overthrown and killed by CIA
1964-1970:Frustration and Defeat
By 1967: 500,000 American troops in Vietnam; 2 billion dollars a month; escalation of bombing
1968: U.S. Government, “Victory in sight”
1968: Tet Offensive; U.S. caught in lie
My Lai massacre in 1968
Growing protests at home; President Johnson declines re-election bid
Nixon and the “Secret Plan”
1970—Kent State and Jackson State shootings
War Ends
1970-1971: U.S. and North Vietnam meet in Paris
Jan 1973: Paris Peace Accords: ceasefire; U.S. withdrawal; Nixon ends draft
“Peace With Honor”
1975: U.S. withdraws, war of unification
II. Era of Detente
Sparked by Defeat in Vietnam; questioning of containment
1970s-1990s: Era of Détente
Nixon opens relations with China; first president to visit Soviet Union
1972: Signed SALT treaty: froze number of nuclear missiles; Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty
From containment to “peaceful coexistence”
Roles of Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev
III. Cold War Ends
Late 1980s: protest movements in Eastern Europe
1989: Berlin Wall falls; Germany reunified in 1990
Social and Economic Crises in Soviet Union: shortages, corruption, apathy
Glasnost and Perestroika
1991 Crisis: coup attempts on Gorbachev, emergence of Boris Yeltsin
Gorbachev resigns
December 25, 1991
IV. Or Does It?
Communist states as Rivals: China, Cuba
Conflicts in Iraq: 1991 and 2003
Conflict in Afghanistan
Ongoing conflict with Russia in 21st Century
I. China in Early 20th Century
Elements of Traditional Society: ruled by aristocrats (mandarins), landed elite, emperor
Large impoverished peasant population
Weak, victimized by Western imperialism
Besieged by Christian missionaries
Sparks patriotic backlash against foreigners, Christians, and imperial government: Boxer Rebellion (1899-1901)
Suppressed by Western armies; prop up imperial government
Young, educated nationalists emerge within army
II. Sun Yat Sen and Chinese Nationalism
Sun Yat Sen (1866-1925) born into peasantry; educated in Hawaii and Hong Kong; dedicated to revolution
Establish liberal republic
Early 20th century; develops secret society; young army officers gravitate to Sun
October 1911: revolt in southern China, establish Nanking as revolutionary capital; Sun Yat Sen elected Presiden ...
America Compared
These two cities were founded in very different contexts but developed similarities in their urban planning and how their populations were established. Karaganda in Kazakhstan was founded as a prison town under authoritarian rule while lacking freedom for its people. Billings, Montana was founded by entrepreneurs and pioneers seeking opportunity and freedom. However, both cities came to utilize grid designs and recruit migrant laborers to support agriculture. Their differing founding principles are contrasted by their subsequent parallel development.
The 1960s
The document provides an overview of the Civil Rights movement in the 1960s, discussing its phases from legalization to black nationalism. It also profiles the presidencies of John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, and Richard Nixon during this period. Additionally, it summarizes the Vietnam War, covering the increasing US involvement under Kennedy and Johnson and Nixon's pledge to end the war.
The 1950s History Alive Ch. 41 and 42
The document discusses various ways in which American culture and society changed in the 1950s from the postwar era. Teenagers and young people began to rebel against social conformity through new forms of music like rock n' roll, fashion, television and movies. New youth subcultures emerged that challenged traditional social and cultural norms of the time through music, art, literature and style. Economic prosperity in the postwar period also led to mass suburbanization and a rise of consumerism.
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I. Origins of American War in Vietnam19th Century French In
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The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
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Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Ch 24_The 1950s
- 1. Chapter 24
- 2. Election of 1952 Eisenhower (President); Richard Nixon (VP) Classic “Good cop, bad cop” personalities; Eisenhower (Ike) espoused morality and took the high road and refrained from criticizing the Democrats However, Nixon had no problem verbally abusing the Democrats Adlai Stevenson (Democratic candidate) Truman chose not to run again He was getting too old and became extremely unpopular due to the Korean War
- 3. Election of 1952 Eisenhower ran a campaign that promised to end the Korean War officially Settled for a armistice shortly after he enters office Democrats tried to discredit Nixon by implicating him as a receiver of inappropriate funds/gifts Nixon goes on television and bears his entire personal life (including finances) in the “Checkers Speech”
- 5. Election of 1952 Despite the attacks on Nixon, Eisenhower easily won the presidency Eisenhower becomes the sterling example of a moderate, stable, and unflappable president Gave the American people a sense of security amidst a country filled with fear, suspicion, and the terror of nuclear war “I Like Ike” becomes the slogan of the campaign and his tenure as president
- 8. Modern Republicanism Eisenhower surprised many as he retained a majority of the social programs from the New Deal However, he reigned in the federal budget whenever possible Fiscal conservatism combined with retention of New Deal programs demonstrated his “flexible” conservative agenda
- 9. Modern Republicanism “New Look” for the military Eisenhower favored massive deterrence over traditional military might Allowed the government to cut defense budgets while engaging in more covert actions The Cold War mentality became entrenched ○ World-wide intelligence gathering became a priority
- 10. Modern Republicanism “New Look” for the military This becomes the stage for the classic James Bond movies of the 1960s The new Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) worked quickly behind the scenes to illicit (and sometimes coerce) changes inside countries that they felt were causing problems for America ○ Primarily Communist-influenced countries Eventually, the area that gave them the most trouble was Vietnam ○ (sort of a second Korean conflict, initially)
- 11. Vietnam (Before the War) Initially, Vietnam was a colony of France that proved vital in the American and French fight against communism Prioritized blocking the spread of communism within the country However, America rejected France’s request for active military aid to retain Indochina (including Vietnam) as a colony As a result, France lost control of Vietnam
- 12. Vietnam (Before the War) After France lost control of Vietnam, Eisenhower actively attempted to prevent the election of Communist dictator Ho Chi Minh Ironic? This is again reinforcing the post-World War II ideal of fascism over communism
- 13. Vietnam (Before the War) Communist China becomes politically deadlocked during the 1950s They cannot trust Russia to respond whenever they are threatened, but they certainly can’t trust the Americans Eisenhower realized China’s weakness with Russia and decided to take a tough approach with them ○ Eisenhower did not realize the differences between Russia and China and squandered potential reciprocity with China throughout the 1950s
- 14. Birth of the Civil Rights Era Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Huge landmark case that led the Supreme Court to strike down Plessy v. Ferguson ○ Plessy -- 1896 ruling that allowed “separate but equal” facilities Racial segregation was ruled a violation of the Equal Protection Clause (14th Amendment) ○ “No state shall…deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws” This ruling paved the way for public school integration and the Civil Rights Movement
- 17. Birth of the Civil Rights Era Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955-56 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Rosa Parks rose to prominence as civil rights activists The bus boycott demonstrated the efficiency of economic boycotts ○ Here’s a throwback to the colonial era! This is the 1760s-era boycotts for the sake of civil rights. The federal government opened a dialogue with civil rights activists after the economy was threatened.
- 19. The Golden Age Appears to be the “Era of Good Feelings” (1820s) with TVs, Quiz Shows, and Suburban Culture President James Monroe likely would have been proud of Eisenhower for taking such a deliberate middle course domestically The economy is surprisingly stable in the 1950s The economy began shifting away from industrial manufacturing and large-scale farming ○ However, farming efficiency grew in Texas, Arizona, and California
- 21. The Golden Age The primary factors of economic growth during the 1950s were residential construction and consumer spending ○ Shopping malls become commonplace Americans became accustomed to living in perpetual economic debt for the sake of owning ‘pretty things’ ○ Cars, homes, appliances, electronics, etc.
- 23. The Golden Age California became the symbol of the post-war suburban boom Western cities became decentralized clusters of single-family homes and businesses become connected by highways (Federal Highway Act of 1956) ○ Ushers in an era of “Leave it to Beaver” ideals Such an odd paradigm amidst an era of utter paranoia and fear of nuclear attack
- 24. The Golden Age Television Replaced newspapers as the most common source of information about public events ○ Quickly connected Americans with a common cultural experience ○ Unifies different regions, cultural differences, and economic backgrounds Becomes the most effective advertising medium ever invented Deliberately championed the virtues of a bland, middle-class life ○ Sitcoms attempted to distract Americans from the paranoia the nightly news fueled
- 26. Check my SlideShare page (rfair07) for more lectures Lectures posted for: United States History before 1877 United States History after 1877 Texas History United States (Federal) Government Texas Government If you would like a great study resource for United States History (college or AP exam), check out the following: AP U.S. History Exam Study