20th century Decolonization Intro
•Download as PPT, PDF•
1 like•1,395 views
This document discusses decolonization and independence movements in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East from the 1920s to 1980s. It overviewed how many regions in these parts of the world freed themselves from European imperial dominance by the mid-20th century through processes like European withdrawal, revolutions overthrowing Europeans, and non-violent independence movements. Some of the key causes that led to decolonization included education and information acquired by local populations, the two World Wars, and the growth of nationalism as people questioned European superiority. The results were many new independent nation-states, though economic dependency and gaps between rich and poor persisted as problems in some places.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Decolonisation
Decolonization refers to the process by which colonies become independent nations. It occurred from 1945-1960 as countries that had been ruled by European colonial powers gained autonomy and self-governance. Key drivers of decolonization included nationalist movements inspired by leaders like Gandhi, contributions by colonies during World War 2, and the rise of ideologies supporting self-determination. The end of colonial rule had political, economic, and social consequences for newly independent nations.
HISTORY YEAR 9 - THE COLD WAR
The Cold War was a state of political and military tension between Western powers led by the US and Eastern powers led by the Soviet Union from 1945-1989. It arose due to ideological differences that divided Europe into Western and Eastern blocs, with the Iron Curtain symbolizing efforts by the Soviet Union to isolate itself and its satellite states. Though direct war was avoided due to nuclear deterrence, the conflict played out through regional proxy wars like in Korea and Vietnam, and crises like the Berlin Blockade increased tensions between the two superpowers.
U8. Decolonisation & Cold war
After World War 2, the world saw two major processes: decolonization as European colonial empires dissolved and former colonies gained independence, and the division of the world into capitalist and communist blocs led by the US and USSR respectively, which confronted each other in the Cold War through proxy wars and an arms race involving nuclear weapons. The document provides background information on decolonization across Asia, Africa and other regions between 1945-1991, and discusses the emergence of the Cold War conflict between the capitalist West and communist East.
Cold War in a Global Context
The document provides background information on the early Cold War period from 1947 to 1970. It discusses key events like the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan that established the US policy of containment of communism. It also covers the establishment of military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact, proxy wars in Korea and Vietnam, and crises over places like Berlin, Cuba, and Czechoslovakia. The arms race between the US and USSR is examined, as well as the emergence of the Non-Aligned Movement led by countries seeking to avoid alignment with either superpower.
Korean War 1950-1953
The document provides information about the Korean War from 1950-1953. It discusses the division of Korea along the 38th parallel by the US and USSR following World War 2. This division and tensions between capitalism and communism led to the countries trying to unify Korea under their respective ideologies, resulting in the Korean War. The war involved limited warfare between the US and USSR by proxy through South Korea and North Korea. It also impacted civilians through millions of casualties and economic and political changes in South Korea.
Post-colonialism
This document provides an overview of post-colonialism as it relates to international relations. It discusses how post-colonial thinking emerged in the 1990s after the end of the Cold War to challenge mainstream theories. Post-colonialism takes a "bottom-up" approach focused on culture as seen through fiction, poetry and memoir from a post-colonial perspective. It also discusses decolonization after World War II, challenges to concepts of development, voices from former colonies, and influential post-colonial thinkers like Fanon who argued colonialism must be overcome mentally for independence to be meaningful.
Events of the cold war
This document summarizes key events of the Cold War that demonstrated the ideological struggle between Soviet communist ideals and Western capitalist ideals. These events include the division of Germany after WWII, the Berlin Blockade, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the fall of the Berlin Wall, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact, the U-2 espionage incident, and arms limitation treaties like SALT and START. Images are included that depict each event.
End of WWII / Cold War
Following WWII, Europe was divided between Western allies like the US and Eastern bloc countries under Soviet control, giving rise to the Cold War. Germany was divided and occupied by the Allied powers. The US and USSR emerged as new superpowers but had opposing economic and political ideologies, leading to strategic alliances against each other. Both sides sought to prevent the spread of the other's influence and system, fearing an arms race eventually developed around nuclear weapons.
Recommended
Decolonisation
Decolonization refers to the process by which colonies become independent nations. It occurred from 1945-1960 as countries that had been ruled by European colonial powers gained autonomy and self-governance. Key drivers of decolonization included nationalist movements inspired by leaders like Gandhi, contributions by colonies during World War 2, and the rise of ideologies supporting self-determination. The end of colonial rule had political, economic, and social consequences for newly independent nations.
HISTORY YEAR 9 - THE COLD WAR
The Cold War was a state of political and military tension between Western powers led by the US and Eastern powers led by the Soviet Union from 1945-1989. It arose due to ideological differences that divided Europe into Western and Eastern blocs, with the Iron Curtain symbolizing efforts by the Soviet Union to isolate itself and its satellite states. Though direct war was avoided due to nuclear deterrence, the conflict played out through regional proxy wars like in Korea and Vietnam, and crises like the Berlin Blockade increased tensions between the two superpowers.
U8. Decolonisation & Cold war
After World War 2, the world saw two major processes: decolonization as European colonial empires dissolved and former colonies gained independence, and the division of the world into capitalist and communist blocs led by the US and USSR respectively, which confronted each other in the Cold War through proxy wars and an arms race involving nuclear weapons. The document provides background information on decolonization across Asia, Africa and other regions between 1945-1991, and discusses the emergence of the Cold War conflict between the capitalist West and communist East.
Cold War in a Global Context
The document provides background information on the early Cold War period from 1947 to 1970. It discusses key events like the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan that established the US policy of containment of communism. It also covers the establishment of military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact, proxy wars in Korea and Vietnam, and crises over places like Berlin, Cuba, and Czechoslovakia. The arms race between the US and USSR is examined, as well as the emergence of the Non-Aligned Movement led by countries seeking to avoid alignment with either superpower.
Korean War 1950-1953
The document provides information about the Korean War from 1950-1953. It discusses the division of Korea along the 38th parallel by the US and USSR following World War 2. This division and tensions between capitalism and communism led to the countries trying to unify Korea under their respective ideologies, resulting in the Korean War. The war involved limited warfare between the US and USSR by proxy through South Korea and North Korea. It also impacted civilians through millions of casualties and economic and political changes in South Korea.
Post-colonialism
This document provides an overview of post-colonialism as it relates to international relations. It discusses how post-colonial thinking emerged in the 1990s after the end of the Cold War to challenge mainstream theories. Post-colonialism takes a "bottom-up" approach focused on culture as seen through fiction, poetry and memoir from a post-colonial perspective. It also discusses decolonization after World War II, challenges to concepts of development, voices from former colonies, and influential post-colonial thinkers like Fanon who argued colonialism must be overcome mentally for independence to be meaningful.
Events of the cold war
This document summarizes key events of the Cold War that demonstrated the ideological struggle between Soviet communist ideals and Western capitalist ideals. These events include the division of Germany after WWII, the Berlin Blockade, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the fall of the Berlin Wall, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact, the U-2 espionage incident, and arms limitation treaties like SALT and START. Images are included that depict each event.
End of WWII / Cold War
Following WWII, Europe was divided between Western allies like the US and Eastern bloc countries under Soviet control, giving rise to the Cold War. Germany was divided and occupied by the Allied powers. The US and USSR emerged as new superpowers but had opposing economic and political ideologies, leading to strategic alliances against each other. Both sides sought to prevent the spread of the other's influence and system, fearing an arms race eventually developed around nuclear weapons.
Origins of the cold war
The Cold War began at the end of World War II due to rising tensions and distrust between the United States and the Soviet Union. This was exacerbated by disagreements at the Potsdam Conference in 1945. The Cold War was characterized by an ideological battle between capitalism and communism, an arms race, and numerous proxy wars between the two superpowers over the next several decades until the fall of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s.
Theoriesof ir
The document discusses some of the hidden dangers of using Facebook based on an expert's analysis. It outlines 5 main risks: 1) personal information being shared with third parties through applications and connections; 2) privacy settings reverting to less safe defaults with site redesigns; 3) ads potentially containing malware; 4) friends unintentionally exposing personal information; and 5) profile information retention even after deleting accounts. The expert warns that Facebook's business practices sometimes compromise users' privacy for marketing goals.
COLD WAR .PPT
The document discusses the period from 1945-1960 following World War 2. It describes the tensions that emerged between Western allies like the US and UK and the Soviet Union, including the division of Germany and establishment of satellite states in Eastern Europe behind an "Iron Curtain." It also summarizes early conflicts in the Cold War such as the Berlin Blockade and Korean War, as well as domestic tensions in the US over communism and spies.
Maoism concept: Asian History
This is thew vital assignment for IPE257 ASIAN HISTORY, IPED Program, Rangsit University. This course provides students with a broad introduction to the rich variety of Asian civilizations, with special emphasis on the development of Chinese Indian empires and East Asia regions, dynasties, and republics. The class covers in some detail twentieth century wars in Asia and the West. In addition, the class explores Asian religion, independence struggles, Asian diasporas and the effects of globalization in Asia and the world.
African perspectives on Africa-Europe relations
African perspectives on Africa-Europe relationsEuropean Centre for Development Policy Management (ECDPM)
African perspectives on Africa-Europe relations
Geneva Centre for Security Policy, European Training Course in Security Policy
Dr. Damien Helly
Policy Officer, ECDPM
19 March 2014Causes of the Cold War - ideological differences
The Cold War started due to ideological differences between the capitalist United States and communist Soviet Union. The US believed in individual freedoms and free markets while the USSR promoted atheism and a command economy. Both sides wanted to spread their influence globally and feared the other, causing tensions. The US sought to contain communism through actions like the Marshall Plan and military alliances. However, some historians argue the rivalry was exaggerated as the two countries had been allies in WWII, and neither believed the other could survive long-term.
Liberalism
The document discusses several key aspects of liberal theories in international relations. It covers:
1) Early liberal thinkers like Kant who argued that states could cooperate through international organizations and that democracies are more peaceful.
2) 19th century liberalism focused on free trade increasing interdependence and making war less likely.
3) Wilsonian idealism promoted collective security and international law to prevent war.
4) Neoliberal institutionalism sees states cooperating through international regimes when it is in their self-interest to do so and institutions help address collective action problems.
5) Concepts like collective security, international regimes, and the democratic peace theory are discussed as key aspects of modern liberal
Us policy of containment of communism auto saved
A presentation that explains how USA tried to stop spread of communism through its policy of Containment.
Korean war
Korea has experienced a long history of domination by other countries. It was occupied by Japan from 1910 to 1945. After World War 2, the country was divided, with the Soviet Union occupying the north and the United States occupying the south. This led to the establishment of two separate Korean states - North Korea and South Korea. In 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea, launching the Korean War. After years of fighting, a ceasefire was agreed in 1953 along the original border between the two Koreas. Today, North Korea remains isolated under a repressive regime led by the Kim family, while South Korea has emerged as a prosperous democracy with a strong alliance with the United States.
End of cold war
The document summarizes key events in the 1980s that led to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the emergence of the United States as the sole superpower. It discusses President Reagan's confrontational stance towards the Soviet Union, the USSR's economic struggles and failed war in Afghanistan. Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms of perestroika and glasnost are described as unleashing forces that weakened the Soviet system. By 1991, revolutions in Eastern Europe and independence movements within the USSR led to its collapse, leaving the US as the world's dominant power.
Disarmament & Arms Control
The document discusses the importance of disarmament and arms control in reducing threats from nuclear weapons and achieving peace. It notes that we must choose between disarmament, a divided world, or total destruction. Over 30,000 nuclear weapons currently exist worldwide in the arsenals of 9 states. The document outlines the differences between disarmament and arms control, and various international treaties and organizations working on limiting weapons proliferation and reducing stockpiles. While progress has been mixed, continued cooperation on binding agreements is important for global security.
Non proliferation treaty-23_47
1. The document discusses nuclear non-proliferation, disarmament, and the Indo-US nuclear deal. It provides information on horizontal and vertical nuclear proliferation and defines disarmament.
2. It summarizes various international treaties and agreements aimed at limiting nuclear weapons such as the NPT, SALT, START, and CTBT. It also discusses regional nuclear weapon free zones.
3. The document then provides details on India's nuclear weapons program and missiles, and summarizes the key aspects of the Indo-US nuclear deal.
African Independence/Ethnic Conflict
The document discusses several key topics related to African decolonization in the 20th century, including:
1) The negative consequences of the "scramble for Africa" in the late 19th century, including how arbitrary European-drawn borders disrupted ethnic groups and social structures.
2) African resistance to colonial rule through figures like Jomo Kenyatta and his advocacy for independence in Kenya.
3) The various influences and challenges that African states faced in achieving independence in the post-WWII period as European powers grew weaker.
4) The ongoing struggles that newly independent African nations experienced with issues like ethnic conflict, economic dependence, and political instability.
War and its types.
It is very simple to understand for students, it is my assignment which i have submitted to my instructer.
Guerra Fria
La Guerra Fría fue un enfrentamiento ideológico y militar entre Estados Unidos y la Unión Soviética que duró desde 1947 hasta 1991. Representó la rivalidad entre el capitalismo y el comunismo. Aunque nunca hubo un conflicto armado directo entre las dos superpotencias, compitieron por expandir su influencia a través de la carrera armamentista, la carrera espacial, y apoyando revoluciones en otros países. Finalmente terminó con el colapso de la Unión Soviética y el fin del comunismo.
Making of the u.s foreign policy
Looking at historical background and the process of creating and applying the United States Foreign Policy
The Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban Missile Crisis occurred in October 1962 and brought the US and Soviet Union close to nuclear war. The Soviet Union had placed nuclear missiles in Cuba to counter the US's nuclear advantage. US reconnaissance flights discovered the missile sites under construction in Cuba. President Kennedy established a naval blockade of Cuba and demanded the Soviets remove the missiles. After several tense days of negotiations, the Soviets agreed to remove the missiles in exchange for the US agreeing not to invade Cuba and removing its missiles from Turkey. The crisis ended on October 28th, averting nuclear conflict.
End of the history and the last man
Francis Fukuyama argues that with the end of the Cold War, Western liberal democracy may represent the final form of human government. He claims history has reached an "end point" with this ideological victory, as no alternative could now surpass liberal democracy. However, critics argue Fukuyama ignores issues within liberal democracies and the potential for new ideologies to emerge over time.
Colonialism & Orientalism
Presentation I worked on and co presented at the faculty of International Relations of the fConstantine the Philosopher University in Nitra 2016/2017
Reasons the Cold War ended - USSR defeat in Afghanistan
The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 marked the end of détente between the USSR and USA and plunged the countries further into the Cold War. The Soviets struggled to defeat the Mujahedeen rebels due to their use of guerilla warfare and weapons provided secretly by the US. Over 14,000 Soviet troops died and hundreds of aircraft were destroyed. This drain on resources and blow to national pride, on top of economic troubles, contributed to Gorbachev's decision to withdraw from Afghanistan in 1989, signaling a end to the Cold War.
Decolonization Overview
Between the 1920s and 1980s, many regions in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East gained independence from European imperial dominance through various processes. Decolonization occurred as Europeans withdrew from colonies, revolutions overthrew European rule, and non-violent independence movements succeeded. Factors like education, information, nationalism, and wars weakened European superiority and questioned colonialism, leading to new independent nation-states. However, problems from economic dependency to internal conflicts remained in some of the newly independent countries.
Decolonization africa, asia, the middle east
Between the 1920s and 1980s, many regions in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East gained independence from European colonial rule through various means such as non-violent protest movements, revolutions that overthrew European powers, and peaceful withdrawals. Nationalist sentiments grew as locals received more education and questioned European claims of superiority, and decolonization was further spurred by the world wars and anti-colonial wars within territories. However, independence did not solve all problems as new nations struggled with economic dependence and inequality.
More Related Content
What's hot
Origins of the cold war
The Cold War began at the end of World War II due to rising tensions and distrust between the United States and the Soviet Union. This was exacerbated by disagreements at the Potsdam Conference in 1945. The Cold War was characterized by an ideological battle between capitalism and communism, an arms race, and numerous proxy wars between the two superpowers over the next several decades until the fall of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s.
Theoriesof ir
The document discusses some of the hidden dangers of using Facebook based on an expert's analysis. It outlines 5 main risks: 1) personal information being shared with third parties through applications and connections; 2) privacy settings reverting to less safe defaults with site redesigns; 3) ads potentially containing malware; 4) friends unintentionally exposing personal information; and 5) profile information retention even after deleting accounts. The expert warns that Facebook's business practices sometimes compromise users' privacy for marketing goals.
COLD WAR .PPT
The document discusses the period from 1945-1960 following World War 2. It describes the tensions that emerged between Western allies like the US and UK and the Soviet Union, including the division of Germany and establishment of satellite states in Eastern Europe behind an "Iron Curtain." It also summarizes early conflicts in the Cold War such as the Berlin Blockade and Korean War, as well as domestic tensions in the US over communism and spies.
Maoism concept: Asian History
This is thew vital assignment for IPE257 ASIAN HISTORY, IPED Program, Rangsit University. This course provides students with a broad introduction to the rich variety of Asian civilizations, with special emphasis on the development of Chinese Indian empires and East Asia regions, dynasties, and republics. The class covers in some detail twentieth century wars in Asia and the West. In addition, the class explores Asian religion, independence struggles, Asian diasporas and the effects of globalization in Asia and the world.
African perspectives on Africa-Europe relations
African perspectives on Africa-Europe relationsEuropean Centre for Development Policy Management (ECDPM)
African perspectives on Africa-Europe relations
Geneva Centre for Security Policy, European Training Course in Security Policy
Dr. Damien Helly
Policy Officer, ECDPM
19 March 2014Causes of the Cold War - ideological differences
The Cold War started due to ideological differences between the capitalist United States and communist Soviet Union. The US believed in individual freedoms and free markets while the USSR promoted atheism and a command economy. Both sides wanted to spread their influence globally and feared the other, causing tensions. The US sought to contain communism through actions like the Marshall Plan and military alliances. However, some historians argue the rivalry was exaggerated as the two countries had been allies in WWII, and neither believed the other could survive long-term.
Liberalism
The document discusses several key aspects of liberal theories in international relations. It covers:
1) Early liberal thinkers like Kant who argued that states could cooperate through international organizations and that democracies are more peaceful.
2) 19th century liberalism focused on free trade increasing interdependence and making war less likely.
3) Wilsonian idealism promoted collective security and international law to prevent war.
4) Neoliberal institutionalism sees states cooperating through international regimes when it is in their self-interest to do so and institutions help address collective action problems.
5) Concepts like collective security, international regimes, and the democratic peace theory are discussed as key aspects of modern liberal
Us policy of containment of communism auto saved
A presentation that explains how USA tried to stop spread of communism through its policy of Containment.
Korean war
Korea has experienced a long history of domination by other countries. It was occupied by Japan from 1910 to 1945. After World War 2, the country was divided, with the Soviet Union occupying the north and the United States occupying the south. This led to the establishment of two separate Korean states - North Korea and South Korea. In 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea, launching the Korean War. After years of fighting, a ceasefire was agreed in 1953 along the original border between the two Koreas. Today, North Korea remains isolated under a repressive regime led by the Kim family, while South Korea has emerged as a prosperous democracy with a strong alliance with the United States.
End of cold war
The document summarizes key events in the 1980s that led to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the emergence of the United States as the sole superpower. It discusses President Reagan's confrontational stance towards the Soviet Union, the USSR's economic struggles and failed war in Afghanistan. Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms of perestroika and glasnost are described as unleashing forces that weakened the Soviet system. By 1991, revolutions in Eastern Europe and independence movements within the USSR led to its collapse, leaving the US as the world's dominant power.
Disarmament & Arms Control
The document discusses the importance of disarmament and arms control in reducing threats from nuclear weapons and achieving peace. It notes that we must choose between disarmament, a divided world, or total destruction. Over 30,000 nuclear weapons currently exist worldwide in the arsenals of 9 states. The document outlines the differences between disarmament and arms control, and various international treaties and organizations working on limiting weapons proliferation and reducing stockpiles. While progress has been mixed, continued cooperation on binding agreements is important for global security.
Non proliferation treaty-23_47
1. The document discusses nuclear non-proliferation, disarmament, and the Indo-US nuclear deal. It provides information on horizontal and vertical nuclear proliferation and defines disarmament.
2. It summarizes various international treaties and agreements aimed at limiting nuclear weapons such as the NPT, SALT, START, and CTBT. It also discusses regional nuclear weapon free zones.
3. The document then provides details on India's nuclear weapons program and missiles, and summarizes the key aspects of the Indo-US nuclear deal.
African Independence/Ethnic Conflict
The document discusses several key topics related to African decolonization in the 20th century, including:
1) The negative consequences of the "scramble for Africa" in the late 19th century, including how arbitrary European-drawn borders disrupted ethnic groups and social structures.
2) African resistance to colonial rule through figures like Jomo Kenyatta and his advocacy for independence in Kenya.
3) The various influences and challenges that African states faced in achieving independence in the post-WWII period as European powers grew weaker.
4) The ongoing struggles that newly independent African nations experienced with issues like ethnic conflict, economic dependence, and political instability.
War and its types.
It is very simple to understand for students, it is my assignment which i have submitted to my instructer.
Guerra Fria
La Guerra Fría fue un enfrentamiento ideológico y militar entre Estados Unidos y la Unión Soviética que duró desde 1947 hasta 1991. Representó la rivalidad entre el capitalismo y el comunismo. Aunque nunca hubo un conflicto armado directo entre las dos superpotencias, compitieron por expandir su influencia a través de la carrera armamentista, la carrera espacial, y apoyando revoluciones en otros países. Finalmente terminó con el colapso de la Unión Soviética y el fin del comunismo.
Making of the u.s foreign policy
Looking at historical background and the process of creating and applying the United States Foreign Policy
The Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban Missile Crisis occurred in October 1962 and brought the US and Soviet Union close to nuclear war. The Soviet Union had placed nuclear missiles in Cuba to counter the US's nuclear advantage. US reconnaissance flights discovered the missile sites under construction in Cuba. President Kennedy established a naval blockade of Cuba and demanded the Soviets remove the missiles. After several tense days of negotiations, the Soviets agreed to remove the missiles in exchange for the US agreeing not to invade Cuba and removing its missiles from Turkey. The crisis ended on October 28th, averting nuclear conflict.
End of the history and the last man
Francis Fukuyama argues that with the end of the Cold War, Western liberal democracy may represent the final form of human government. He claims history has reached an "end point" with this ideological victory, as no alternative could now surpass liberal democracy. However, critics argue Fukuyama ignores issues within liberal democracies and the potential for new ideologies to emerge over time.
Colonialism & Orientalism
Presentation I worked on and co presented at the faculty of International Relations of the fConstantine the Philosopher University in Nitra 2016/2017
Reasons the Cold War ended - USSR defeat in Afghanistan
The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 marked the end of détente between the USSR and USA and plunged the countries further into the Cold War. The Soviets struggled to defeat the Mujahedeen rebels due to their use of guerilla warfare and weapons provided secretly by the US. Over 14,000 Soviet troops died and hundreds of aircraft were destroyed. This drain on resources and blow to national pride, on top of economic troubles, contributed to Gorbachev's decision to withdraw from Afghanistan in 1989, signaling a end to the Cold War.
What's hot (20)
Reasons the Cold War ended - USSR defeat in Afghanistan
Reasons the Cold War ended - USSR defeat in Afghanistan
Similar to 20th century Decolonization Intro
Decolonization Overview
Between the 1920s and 1980s, many regions in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East gained independence from European imperial dominance through various processes. Decolonization occurred as Europeans withdrew from colonies, revolutions overthrew European rule, and non-violent independence movements succeeded. Factors like education, information, nationalism, and wars weakened European superiority and questioned colonialism, leading to new independent nation-states. However, problems from economic dependency to internal conflicts remained in some of the newly independent countries.
Decolonization africa, asia, the middle east
Between the 1920s and 1980s, many regions in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East gained independence from European colonial rule through various means such as non-violent protest movements, revolutions that overthrew European powers, and peaceful withdrawals. Nationalist sentiments grew as locals received more education and questioned European claims of superiority, and decolonization was further spurred by the world wars and anti-colonial wars within territories. However, independence did not solve all problems as new nations struggled with economic dependence and inequality.
Decolonization in africa
The document discusses decolonization in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East from the 1920s to 1980s. Many regions freed themselves from European dominance after World War II weakened the colonial powers. Decolonization occurred earlier in Asia, with India gaining independence which became a model for other countries. While independence was achieved, newly independent nations still faced economic dependency and challenges from tribal, racial, and religious differences.
Imperialism second wave
The document summarizes the second wave of European colonial conquests from 1750-1900. It involved new European powers like Germany, Italy, Belgium, the US, and Japan expanding their colonies to South and Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Pacific Islands. The colonies were divided into "white colonies" like Canada, Australia and New Zealand that were settlements for Europeans, and "non-white colonies" in Asia and Africa that were ruled indirectly through local elites but controlled by European governments from abroad. By the late 1800s, European powers had partitioned most of Africa at the Berlin Conference and established control over 90% of the land by 1914.
Sub-Saharan Africa Post-Independence Starting in t.docx
Sub-Saharan Africa: Post-Independence
Starting in the late 1950s, Sub-Saharan Africans intensified the struggle for independence from their European colonizers, and the
white rulers. So came to Sub-Saharan Africa the process known as
decolonization. Following World War II, the region’s European rulers
came to realization that their control over the colonies could not
continue as usual. Two main forces emerged to challenge the
European domination of Africans. First, challenges came from
African nationalists who wanted something so simple yet so difficult
to realize: Africa for Africans. Second, after World War II, which was
framed as epic battle against undemocratic tyranny of
totalitarianism, Africans began to challenge why the allies could not
uphold the same democratic values in Africa. To many African
nationalists, it was an example of supreme irony that nations that
defeated Nazism and Fascism were doing something Hitler’s
Germany wanted to do in Europe, conquest and exploitation. (The
above is a picture of the founding members of the anti-apartheid
organization later became African National Congress.) They
obviously felt justified in resisting European colonization more aggressively after World War II, which, by the way, destroyed and
weakened European societies.
This decolonization process was relatively peaceful in countries like Kenya, Tanzania, and Ivory Coast. However, independence did
not come easily in southern part of Africa. In Rhodesia, a formal British colony, 250,000 white
residents who owned the country’s farmlands refused to let their power and domination pass away
peacefully. Instead of accepting the black majority rule, they
declared Rhodesia independent as a white-supremacist state.
The blacks in turn declared war against the white rulers and
the civil war continued until 1975 when the Rhodesian
government capitulated. So came the birth of Zimbabwe, but
at a heavy human and material cost.
Something similar happened in Angola and Mozambique,
both Portuguese colonies. When Lisbon refused to grant
independence to these countries, people of Angola and
Mozambique turned to guerrilla warfare. The war in Angola
became even more violent, when the U.S. and the Soviet Union turned that civil war into a theater
of their own superpower competition. The Marxist groups within guerrilla movement, supported by the Soviet Union and Cuba,
eventually succeeded in forcing Portugal to leave Angola and Mozambique, and setup leftist governments. The U.S. and South Africa
perceived the leftist governments in Angola and Mozambique as thereat to their interests and financed guerrilla forces seeking to
topple the Marxist government of Angola and Mozambique. The fighting continued
well into the 1980s. The war ended at least in Mozambique due in large part to the
Soviet Union and the U.S. losing interest in it following the end of the cold war. In
Angola, low intensity war drags on, however. .
New Imperialism: Colonial encounters
1) Europeans established colonial empires through conquest and coercion between 1750-1914, focusing on dividing Africa and gaining control of Asia.
2) Under colonial rule, Europeans often forced local populations into manual labor and cash crop agriculture, disrupting traditional economies and societies.
3) Some colonial peoples cooperated by working for colonial governments, but this also led to rebellions, nationalism, and independence movements in the 20th century.
Student Questions on Imperialism - 3A
1) It was hardest for Europeans to conquer Ethiopia, as Italy failed in its attempt due to Menelik's foresight in arming Ethiopia against them.
2) World War 1 effectively ended the Age of Imperialism as European powers no longer had the resources to focus on imperial expansion.
3) Imperialism involved indirect methods of control like protectorates and spheres of influence, while colonialism primarily used direct settlement colonies.
27 Imperialism
European powers colonized much of Africa and other regions in the late 1800s for economic and political reasons. They sought to obtain raw materials, expand their influence, and believed imperialism demonstrated their superiority. By 1914, Europe had divided most of Africa among itself without input from Africans. This arbitrary partitioning combined different ethnic and linguistic groups within colonial borders, sowing tensions that contributed to post-colonial conflicts like the Rwandan genocide, where Hutu militias killed over 1 million Tutsi and moderate Hutu from 1994 in just 3 months. The legacy of European colonialism continues to impact many former colonies.
27 imperialism
Imperialism in the 1800s saw European nations aggressively colonizing Africa and other regions for political and economic gain. Motivated by access to raw materials for industry and new markets for goods, as well as expanding their power and influence, Europeans partitioned Africa at the 1884 Berlin Conference without African representation. This resulted in grouping different ethnic and tribal groups together in colonies, sowing tensions that contributed to post-colonial conflicts like the Rwandan genocide of 1994, where up to 1 million Tutsis and Hutus were killed in just 3 months.
Imperialism w notes
The document provides an introduction to European imperialism between the mid-19th and early 20th centuries. It defines imperialism as one nation dominating another's economy, government, and culture. The key motives for European imperialism were nationalism, racism/ethnocentrism, industrialization/capitalism, and a sense of adventure. Spain and Portugal were early imperial powers in the 15th-16th centuries, conquering Latin America and Africa for gold, religion, and glory. By the early 20th century, Europe controlled 96% of Africa due to military advantages, medicine like quinine, and dividing African tribes against each other.
Lecture- nationalist movements in africa
Nationalist movements in Africa were inspired by ideals of self-determination and independence. They were led by figures like Nkrumah of Ghana, Kenyatta of Kenya, and Lumumba of the Congo who adopted philosophies like pan-Africanism and negritude. These leaders and their organizations worked to end colonial rule and promote African unity, though they also faced opposition from colonial powers and influence from the Cold War.
27 imperialism
The document discusses the rise of European imperialism in the 1800s. Key reasons for imperialism included obtaining raw materials for industry, expanding political and economic power, and a belief in European racial/cultural superiority. Europeans colonized much of Africa and Asia by 1900. However, the arbitrary borders drawn at the Berlin Conference divided ethnic groups and contributed to long-term conflicts after independence. One example is the 1994 Rwandan genocide that resulted from tensions between the Hutu and Tutsi ethnic groups exacerbated by Belgian colonial policies.
20.3 the atlantic slave trade (1st period)
The Atlantic slave trade involved the transport of over 9.5 million Africans to the Americas between the 16th and 19th centuries. It began as a small enterprise in the 1500s but grew massively, with nearly 1.3 million Africans sold as slaves in the 1600s alone. The triangular trade route saw Europeans exchange goods for slaves from African leaders, who then transported the slaves across the Atlantic to be sold to Americans and forced to work plantations. The Middle Passage of this route saw horrific conditions that caused many slave deaths. African slaves faced immense cruelty and hardship through forced labor on American plantations. Some resisted through slow work or rebellion, but the slave trade profoundly impacted societies in Africa, Europe, and the
Nationalism
This document discusses the origins and definitions of nationalism. It begins by defining nationalism as a feeling of loyalty and pride in one's nation, and a desire for political independence. It then discusses how nationalism emerged in Europe in the late 18th and 19th centuries due to events like the French Revolution and Industrial Revolution, which challenged old power structures and led to the rise of nation-states. Nationalism further developed due to the growth of the middle class and their desire for more political rights and representation. The document also introduces the concept of the "imagined community" which underlies modern nationalist movements.
Decolonization - Africa
The document discusses decolonization in Africa following World War II. It outlines Kwame Nkrumah's vision of a unified and economically integrated Africa with less Western influence through Pan-Africanism. It then examines the internal and external challenges African nations faced in gaining independence, as well as the impact of the Cold War. Most nations achieved independence through negotiated deals or incomplete decolonization, though settler colonies like Kenya and Algeria faced violent uprisings. The results of decolonization were often non-revolutionary transfers of power to corrupt elites and continued economic dependence on the West. South Africa remained under white minority rule until the end of apartheid in the 1990s. Nkrumah's vision of a united
CHAPTER 6 CULTURAL HISTORY AND POLITICAL INFLUENCES
The document provides an overview of the cultural histories and political influences of several world regions, including Southeast Asia, East Asia, Europe, and North America. For Southeast Asia, it summarizes Thailand avoiding colonization by allying with foreign powers and Indonesia gaining independence from Dutch rule in 1948 after being controlled by Portugal, the Netherlands, Britain, and Japan at different points. For East Asia, it reviews the Chinese empires, Japan's period of isolationism, and the Korean origins. It then examines the ethnicities and cultures of Western Europe, Mediterranean Europe, and East Central Europe. Finally, it discusses the emergence of North America, Native American populations, and European settlement in North America.
Chapter 6 cultural history and political influences
The document provides an overview of the cultural histories and political influences of several world regions, including Southeast Asia, East Asia, Europe, and North America. For Southeast Asia, it discusses the colonialism and independence movements in Thailand and Indonesia. For East Asia, it reviews the Chinese empires, Japan's period of isolationism, and the origins of Korea. It then explains the ethnicities and cultures of Western Europe, Mediterranean Europe, and East Central Europe. Finally, it discusses the emergence of the North America region and the native populations and European settlement in North American countries.
Transatlantic slave trade
1) The transatlantic slave trade transported 10-20 million Africans to the Americas over 300 years, mostly to Brazil, the Caribbean, and Spanish colonies. Less than 5% went to North America.
2) Enslaved Africans were subjected to brutal conditions during capture, the Middle Passage voyage, and on plantations where they produced crops like cotton, sugar, and tobacco.
3) The slave trade had devastating impacts on Africa's population and development while fueling economic growth in Europe through plantation agriculture.
Africa lecture #6
The document summarizes key aspects of African nationalism and decolonization. It discusses how Europeans practiced paternalism over African citizens. It also describes how Pan-Africanism emerged as a belief in uniting Africa in response to European colonialism. Important figures like Marcus Garvey and Leopold Sedar Senghor promoted Pan-Africanism and negritude. After World War 2 weakened European powers, independence movements gained strength and new African nations emerged, though colonial legacies had lasting effects.
Imperialism
The document discusses European imperialism in the 18th and 19th centuries. It provides context on why industrialized European nations sought to control areas of the world during this time period. Key reasons included access to raw materials for factories, markets for finished goods, nationalism, and profit motives. New technologies like steamboats and advances in medicine enabled European powers to explore and colonize parts of Africa in this time period, known as the "Scramble for Africa". Social Darwinism and ideas of European racial and cultural superiority also contributed to the wave of imperialism.
Similar to 20th century Decolonization Intro (20)
Sub-Saharan Africa Post-Independence Starting in t.docx
Sub-Saharan Africa Post-Independence Starting in t.docx
CHAPTER 6 CULTURAL HISTORY AND POLITICAL INFLUENCES
CHAPTER 6 CULTURAL HISTORY AND POLITICAL INFLUENCES
Chapter 6 cultural history and political influences
Chapter 6 cultural history and political influences
More from Nathan Roher
Test review world communism
The document contains summaries of similarities and differences between how communism rose to power in Russia and China in the 20th century. It lists key events like the Russian Revolution and Civil War that brought the communists to power in Russia, and the Chinese Civil War that allowed Mao and the communists to take control in China. It also notes how both communist governments made changes to Marxist theories to apply them to their local situations.
Communist USSR - Economy and Social Changes
The document summarizes key events and developments in Russia between 1917 and the 1950s, when it was known as the Soviet Union or USSR. It overviews the Russian Revolution, establishment of Communist Russia, and the USSR's economy and social changes under Stalin's rule. Major events included rapid industrialization, collectivization of agriculture, and changes to the social class system that removed the wealthy and destroyed the kulak class.
Communist China - Economy and Social Changes
The document summarizes key events and policies in China following the communist revolution, including the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution. The Great Leap Forward involved collectivization of farms, relocation of citizens, and failed industrialization plans that led to a famine killing over 20 million people. The Cultural Revolution saw Mao regain power by creating the Red Guard youth group to attack those who disagreed with him, imprisoning suspects and destroying traditional culture and education. Both events had disastrous consequences before the programs eventually ended.
Cold War Overview
The Cold War was a period of diplomatic hostility between communist nations led by the Soviet Union and capitalist nations led by the United States from 1945-1991. The rivalry between the two superpowers was expressed through military coalitions, propaganda, proxy wars, espionage, and a massive arms race. Ultimately, the Soviet Union's economy failed under the burden of military spending and a lack of individual freedoms, leading to its collapse and the end of the Cold War, with the United States emerging as the victor.
Strayer Comparing USSR and China
This document outlines 6 topics to compare the USSR and China in their early communist periods: 1) international position and support starting in 1938, 2) efforts to change the status of women, 3) efforts to build socialism in rural areas, 4) industrialization processes, 5) responses to social changes by Stalin/successors and Mao, and 6) how the leaderships dealt with enemies. The reader is assigned a comparison of these 6 aspects between the USSR and China to be completed by Friday.
World wars & Depression test review
This document provides a review of topics for a test on World Wars and the Depression. It asks the learner to compare the causes and results of World Wars I and II, discuss the changes outside of Europe from WWI including in the Ottomans, Middle East, East Asia, and US. It also asks about the causes and results of the Global Economic Depression, how WWII differed from WWI in its conduct, effects on civilians, government role, women, and the Holocaust. Additionally, it provides questions on the effect of WWII on European colonies and the three factors that led to Europe's quick recovery after WWII.
World wars compared results
Both World Wars resulted in massive death and destruction as well as redrawn maps with losing sides losing territory. They also changed political structures by expanding government power and creating international organizations. New powers emerged like the U.S. after both wars and the Soviet Union after WWII. Societies changed with women gaining more power and colonial subjects pushing for independence.
Global economic depression overview
The document provides an overview of the causes and results of the Great Depression between 1929-World War II. The key causes included the US economy's influence on world trade and loans which destabilized when the US stock market crashed in 1929. This led European economies to fail as they were unable to pay back loans to the US. As a result, unemployment rose to 30% in some nations, thousands of banks failed, global trade declined sharply, and agricultural and industrial production plummeted worldwide.
World wars compared warfare
Both World War I and II were massive global conflicts that mobilized entire nations and saw the development and use of new destructive weapons and technologies. Both wars involved the targeting of civilians, genocide including the Holocaust, and total mobilization of society and resources for war. While World War I featured stalemated trench warfare, World War II saw more mobile and surprise attacks across air, sea, and land.
World Wars Compared - Overview
The document provides an overview of World War I and World War II. It notes that WWI was from 1914-1918 with US involvement from 1917-1918. WWII lasted from 1937-1945 in Asia and 1939-1945 in Europe and Africa, with US involvement from 1941-1945. Both wars resulted in major economic, social, and political changes globally and impacted civilian populations, governments, and economies.
Japan - Meiji 18th and 19th centuries
Under the Tokugawa shogunate in the early 1600s, Japan pursued a policy of isolationism, expelling foreigners and prohibiting the Japanese from leaving. However, in the 1800s, outside powers like Britain threatened Japan militarily. Japanese leaders opened the country to trade and Western influence to modernize. This led to the overthrow of the Tokugawa rulers and the start of the Meiji period. During the Meiji restoration from 1860 to 1900, Japan transformed rapidly into an industrial and military power by selectively adopting Western ideas while maintaining independence.
Imperialism in the 18th and 19th centuries
In the 18th and 19th centuries, industrialized nations strengthened control over their colonies and established overseas empires throughout Asia, Africa, and the Pacific in order to gain access to raw materials, capture valuable trade routes, expand markets for their goods, and demonstrate their power in the international system. Nations justified their imperialism through beliefs of racial and cultural superiority as well as a desire to spread Christianity and civilization. They used military superiority provided by new technologies like steam power, strong navies, and wealth to influence local leaders and conquer territories to build their empires.
Industrial Revolution - some ideas
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 18th century and spread to other Western European countries, the United States, Russia, and Japan in the 19th century. It involved a transition from manual labor and animal or water power to machine production using steam power in factories. This led to increased production, specialization of labor, and a shift from rural home production to urban factory work. The Industrial Revolution brought both benefits like improved production but also social problems such as child labor and poor working conditions.
Atlantic Revolutions - Results
The document summarizes some of the results and impacts of the American Revolution, French Revolution, Haitian Revolution, and revolutions in Latin America between 1700-1850. It notes that the American Revolution led to a stable democratic government under the US Constitution, with continued economic and social freedoms. The French Revolution saw frequent government changes but the spread of revolutionary ideals. The Haitian Revolution led to the end of slavery and plantation agriculture in Haiti. Revolutions in Latin America resulted in regional conflicts and the splitting of Central and South America into nation-states.
Revolutions causes compared (2016)
The document discusses the political revolutions in the 18th and 19th centuries in North America, France, Haiti, and Latin America. It identifies several similarities in the causes of these Atlantic revolutions, including that they were influenced by the Enlightenment and ideas of natural rights and social contract. They also involved conflicts between social classes and economic problems like inflation and taxation that led the lower classes to rebel. Finally, the revolutions inspired and caused other revolutions, and European wars either directly or indirectly contributed to the revolutions.
DBQ grading & corrections
This document outlines how students can earn points on a DBQ essay grading rubric, including +50 for a good introduction, +20 for a clear thesis, and +15 each for addressing at least one social and economic effect from the documents, attempting to group the documents in topic sentences, and explaining the point of view of one document's author or speaker. It also provides instructions for students to write addition paragraphs on a separate sheet of paper by Tuesday to earn points for any parts of the rubric they did not receive originally, such as writing a thesis if one was not present.
Essay format review
This document provides instructions for two essay tests on Thursday. The first test asks students to compare the rise of the Mongols to the rise of one of several empires between 1200-1400 CE. Students are instructed to write a thesis with one similarity and difference, and two body paragraphs analyzing causes and providing evidence. The second test asks students to analyze changes and continuities in Mediterranean culture from 500-1200 CE, following a similar outline of writing a thesis and two body paragraphs.
Tokugawa Japan - Brief Look
Before the 1500s, Japan experienced political fragmentation and civil wars between feudal lords. When Europeans arrived in the 1500s, they introduced firearms and trade goods. Christian missionaries converted thousands of Japanese with support from some feudal lords. In the 1600s, the Tokugawa family gained power and unified most of Japan under a feudal shogunate that lasted into the 1800s. The Tokugawa shoguns severely limited European influence by banning Christianity, restricting trade, and isolating Japan from most foreign contact for over 200 years. During this period of isolation, Japan centralized its government, improved infrastructure, and experienced cultural and economic growth.
Silver Trade 140-1750
Global silver trade in the 16th-17th centuries fueled global commerce. The discovery of silver deposits in Japan, Mexico, and South America coincided with the Ming dynasty demanding payment in silver, establishing global trade routes like the Manila Galleons that exchanged American silver for Asian goods. This commercialization boosted economies worldwide but also led to the deaths of over 8 million native people mining silver and the bankruptcy of the Spanish government once silver values dropped.
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
The document summarizes the effects of the Atlantic slave trade on Africa and the Americas. In Africa, the slave trade disrupted demographic patterns and family structures by targeting men. It undermined the economy by introducing European goods used to trade for slaves. It also increased wars and tensions as slaves became a commodity. In the Americas, the slave trade led to demographic changes and the integration of African culture. It also boosted the economy but left a legacy of racial and economic inequality. The Atlantic slave trade differed from other historical slavery in its immense scale, hereditary nature without chance of freedom, targeting of Africans, and rationalization by Europeans.
More from Nathan Roher (20)
Recently uploaded
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
HYPERTENSION - SLIDE SHARE PRESENTATION.
IT WILL BE HELPFULL FOR THE NUSING STUDENTS
IT FOCUSED ON MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND NURSING MANAGEMENT.
HIGHLIGHTS ON HEALTH EDUCATION.
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
Practical manual for National Examination Council, Nigeria.
Contains guides on answering questions on the specimens provided
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation results
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
مصحف القراءات العشر أعد أحرف الخلاف سمير بسيوني.pdf
مصحف أحرف الخلاف للقراء العشرةأعد أحرف الخلاف بالتلوين وصلا سمير بسيوني غفر الله له
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
Recently uploaded (20)
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
REASIGNACION 2024 UGEL CHUPACA 2024 UGEL CHUPACA.pdf
REASIGNACION 2024 UGEL CHUPACA 2024 UGEL CHUPACA.pdf
Juneteenth Freedom Day 2024 David Douglas School District
Juneteenth Freedom Day 2024 David Douglas School District
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
مصحف القراءات العشر أعد أحرف الخلاف سمير بسيوني.pdf
مصحف القراءات العشر أعد أحرف الخلاف سمير بسيوني.pdf
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...
20th century Decolonization Intro
- 1. Decolonization/ Independence movements in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East 1920s – 1980s
- 3. Overview By the mid-20th century, many REGIONS in Africa, Asia & the Middle East had “freed” themselves from European Imperial dominance. Decolonization is the term historians have used to describe this process
- 6. What happened? European withdrawal Revolutions overthrew Europeans Non-violent Independence Movements
- 7. Causes of Decolonization Education & information acquired by Asians & Africans. World Wars Asians & Africans questioned European superiority War in the colonies Nationalism!
- 8. Decolonization Many different African and Asian groups used a variety of ways to gain independence.
- 11. RESULTS of Decolonization Regions of the world became “independent”; new nation-states were born
- 12. Problems remained (or were they caused by European imperialism?) Economic dependency on the West and other regions of the world.
- 13. the indigenous elite often replaced the colonial elite maintaining a large gap between rich and poor.
- 14. Tribal, racial, religious differences led to conflicts & wars INDIAN PARTITION
- 15. Civil War in Nigeria Tribal-based genocide in Rwanda Civil War in Vietnam