The document provides context on the origins and development of the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union following World War II. It discusses key events like the Potsdam Conference, Winston Churchill's "Iron Curtain" speech, and George Kennan's "Long Telegram" that increased tensions. It also covers the creation of institutions and adoption of policies like NATO and containment that characterized the emerging conflict between the two superpowers.
A Powerpoint presentation on the troubled affluence in the USA after World War Two, with an emphasis on the Civil Rights Movement and the Montgomery Bus Boycott. For the Irish Leaving Cert USA History topic
Religion, the mass media and higher educationNoel Hogan
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Powerpoint on Religion, Mass Media and Education in late 20th Century America for the Leaving Certificate History Course for the Irish Second Level Education system.
A Powerpoint presentation on the troubled affluence in the USA after World War Two, with an emphasis on the Civil Rights Movement and the Montgomery Bus Boycott. For the Irish Leaving Cert USA History topic
Religion, the mass media and higher educationNoel Hogan
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Powerpoint on Religion, Mass Media and Education in late 20th Century America for the Leaving Certificate History Course for the Irish Second Level Education system.
The Fracturing of the New Deal CoalitionThe credibilityâ issu.docxrtodd194
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The Fracturing of the New Deal Coalition
The âcredibilityâ issue: Many will increasingly distrust what their government tells them. The Vietnam War will indicate to many that their government cannot be trusted.
In the 1950s, many regarded the government as the engine of growth. Between the 1950s and 1960s, however, many began to grow suspicious of government action. Rather than providing for an improved
McCarthyism
Student Activism
Students for a More Democratic Society
âThe Port Huron Statement,â 1962
âWe are people of this generation, bred in at least modest comfort, housed now in universities, looking uncomfortably to the world we inherit.â
Answering a Question on the Review Sheet!!!
How did fear of foreign communism help to shape post-war American culture? Why were many concerned that the effort to fight communism overseas my have a negative impact on Freedom and democracy at home?
The Civil Rights Era or the Black Freedom Movement
Historians have had a tendency to isolate the events of the late 1950s and the 1960s from the broader chronology of African Americans pushing for civil rights.
The Life of Ella Baker
Ella Bakerâs life demonstrates the difficulty of limiting the civil rights era to the 1950s and 1960s.
Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka
From Chief Justice Earl Warrenâs decision: âWe come then to the question presented: Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other âtangibleâ factors may be equal deprive the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities? We believe that it does.â
The Actions of Civil Rights Activists also helped to build momentum for Civil Rights
Montgomery Bus Boycotts, 1955 -- largely failed to get national attention.
Violence in other places around the South, however, provided powerful images for the national media.
Little Rock, Arkansas
In 1957, President Eisenhower sent the 101 Airborne division to enforce a court order forcing integration of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas.
Woolworth Sit Ins
In 1960, four black college students from North Carolina A&T in Greensboro decided to sit at the âwhites onlyâ counter in their local F.W. Woolworth and order coffee and doughnuts.
For the Michigan students who would organize the SDS in 1962, it seemed like an advance for democracy and were excited about joining the movement to topple Jim Crow in the United States.
Answering a Question on the Review Sheet!!!
How was the âsit-inâ movement of 1960 an outgrowth of earlier protests? What major differences divided the various groupsâSNCC, SCLC, NAACP, CORE, and othersâthat were active in protesting against white supremacy in the 1960s?
Violence in Birmingham
Growing Pressures on the Democratic Party
In the 1960s, the Democratic Party would suffer the impossible challenge of defeating communism, satisfying the concerns of student activists, meeting the demands o.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
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Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesarâs dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empireâs birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empireâs society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. Origins of the Cold War
ï€ U.S. unease over communism in the ï€ âFrom Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in
1920s and 1930srise of organized the Adriatic, an iron curtain has
labor in the 30s) descended across the Continent.
Behind that line lie all the capitals of
the ancient states of Central and
ï€ Potsdam conference (July, 1945) Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin,
Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade,
ï€ control over Germany vs. creation of Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous
the Eastern Bloc cities and the populations around
them lie in what I must call the Soviet
sphere, and all are subject in one
ï€ âThe Long Telegramâ & âThe Sources form or another, not only to Soviet
of Soviet Conductâ (George F. influence but to a very high and, in
Kennan) many cases, increasing measure of
control from Moscow.â âWinston
ï€ containment& domino theories Churchill
ï€ creation of NATO
ï€ competing atomic weapons testing
programs
3. The Evolving Pledge of Allegiance
1892: âI Pledge Allegiance to my Flag
and the Republic for which it stands;
one nation indivisible, with liberty and
justice for all.â
1923: âI pledge allegiance to the flag
of the United States of America and
to the Republic for which it stands;
one nation indivisible, with liberty and
justice for all.â
1954: âI pledge allegiance to the flag
of the United States of America and
to the Republic for which it stands;
one nation, under God, indivisible,
with liberty and justice for all.â
4. Suburbia
Postwar housing crisis
Greater access to home loans for veterans
Upward mobility for middle classes
Growth of car culture: Interstate highway
system built (âSee the USA in your
Chevroletâ)
Focus on the nuclear family unit (Less
emphasis on extended family/local
community)
âLittle Boxesâ (conformity)
Levittown aerial photo, 1948 ï
5. suburban geography both mimics
and shapes post-war cultural values
Insularity, reified gender roles,
consumerism, anti-communism
6. Consumerism
âAfter total war can come total livingâ
(housing as consumable good; selling a new
American lifestyle)
Proliferation of shopping centers increases
access to goods; reorients consumer away
from Main Street
Mass consumption: middle class starts to have
access to the same goods cross-country
Private space replaces public space
Television becomes a common feature in
most American homes (rise of mass media)
Nixon & Khrushchevâs âKitchen Debate, 1959ï
7. Nuclear Ambivalence (+ / -)
Emphasis on Increased
science education weapons testing
Space race and Actual nuclear
moon landing near-misses
âOur Friend The âDuck and Coverâ
Atomâ
Nuclear power Growth of the
plants âmilitary-industrial
complexâ
âAtoms for Peaceâ Anti-communist
rhetoric
8. âAtoms for Peaceâ
âIt is not enough to take this weapon out of the hands of the soldiers. It must be put into the hands of
those who will know how to strip its military casing and adapt it to the arts of peace. â
âThe United States would be more than willing--it would be proud to take up with others âprincipally
involvedâ the development of plans whereby such peaceful use of atomic energy would be
expedited.â
President Eisenhower addresses the U.N. General Assembly, December 1953
9. âthe atomic Genieâ
âDeep in the tiny atom lies hidden a
tremendous force. This force has
entered the scene of our modern
world as a most frightening power of
destruction⊠We all know of the story
of the military atom, and we all wish
that it werenât true. ⊠But, fortunately,
the story is not yet finished. So far, the
atom is a superb villain. Its power of
destruction is foremost in our minds.
But the same power can be put to
useâŠfor the welfare of all mankind.
âŠIt is up to us to give the story a
happy ending. If we use atomic
energy wisely, we can make a hero
out of a villain.â âThe Walt Disney Story
of Our Friend the Atom, 1956
10. scientific progress shaped the lives of
every day families
ï€ "In the 1950s Americans reaped the benefits of an unprecedented
number of new 'wonder drugs.' During World War II pharmaceutical
companies had enlarged their research and production facilities to
meet the military demand for the new antibiotic, penicillin. Even
before the war's end, enough penicillin was available to begin
distribution to civilians in 1945. Streptomycin, tetracycline,
aureomycin, and other new antibiotics soon followed. By 1958
antibiotics had saved an estimated 1.5 million American lives.â
ï€ âAnother major advance of this era was the elimination of polio
from the United States. By 1950 nearly 40,000 polio cases every year
were leaving thousands of children and young adults permanently
paralyzed. Early attempts at immunization using a live polio virus
failed, but a breakthrough came in 1953 when Jonas Salk first
tested a vaccine using an inactivated form of the virus. In 1961
Albert B. Sabin developed a successful live oral polio vaccine. With
these two vaccines, the menace of polio all but disappeared.â
11. The Lavender Scare
D.C. as an early gay
community Commies and Queers
ï€ WWII âaccelerated the urbanizationâ ï€ Government workers thought to
of D.C., brings in 1000s of government be homosexual were regularly
workers. targets of Sen. McCarthyâs
infamous hearings of the
ï€ Local âanything goesâ mentality: bar supposed communist infiltration
culture, men cruise for sex in of the U.S. government.
Lafayette Park across from WHouse Homosexuality was seen as a
mental illness or a contagionâa
ï€ Postwar fears of American âmoral âcommunicable disease,â akin
declineâ to Communism. Susceptibility to
one âprovedâ susceptibility to
ï€ Kinsey reports of 1948 and 1953 the other. Homosexuals and
(Sexual Behavior in the Human Male; Communists were often
Sexual Behavior in the Human conflated in popular media.
Female) ramp up this fear Both âhiddenâ subcultures were
considered immoral or Godless
ï€ Congress and D.C. police crack at a time when morality and
down on emerging gay communities. religion were key features of
American public life.
12. Youth Culture
Greater attention paid to adolescence and
young adulthood
Fear of sexual promiscuity among youth,
exacerbated by rock-and-roll: Elvis Presley on the
Milton Berle Show, the Beatles on American
Bandstand
Beginning of the âteen consumerâ: emphasis on
individualism (within conformist framework)
1950s: First generation of teenagers with regular
access to automobiles
âBeatâ poets emerge on the West Coast in the
early 50s. Explicitly reacting against conformity;
questioning authority. Interested in Eastern
religions, hallucinogenic drugs. Precursors to
larger, more organized movements for social
change (but with different values)
13. civil rights movement & the 60s:
timeline
ï€ 1954: Brown v Board of ï€ 1964-65: Civil Rights Acts passed
Education
ï€ 1964-67: urban violence/race
ï€ 1955: Montgomery bus boycotts riots (Watts, LA, 1964)
ï€ 1960: Woolworthâs lunch counter ï€ 1964: Gulf of Tonkin resolution
sit-in
ï€ 1965: Malcolm X assassinated;
ï€ 1961: freedom rides begin over 100,000 U.S. troops in
Vietnam
ï€ 1963: demonstrations in
Birmingham (âLetter from a ï€ 1968: Tet Offensive causes great
Birmingham Jailâ), church increase in antiwar sentiment,
bombing, murder of Medgar assassinations of Martin Luther
Evers, march on Washington (âI King, Jr. and RFK, Democratic
Have a Dreamâ), assassination Convention riots in Chicago,
of JFK