This document provides an overview of microbial diseases that affect the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems. It begins with a description of the structure and function of these systems and how they can spread or eliminate infections. Several bacterial diseases are then discussed, including sepsis, endocarditis, rheumatic fever, tularemia, brucellosis, anthrax, and gas gangrene. The document includes learning objectives, definitions, diagrams, and review questions to enhance understanding of these important topics.
This is a PowerPoint presentation on the Plague, also known as the Bubonic Plague and the Black Death. The presentation includes an identification of the agent involved, who is at risk, where it is most common, modes of transmission, clinical manifestations of infection, resistance, and how it could be used in bioterrorism.
microbial diseases of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systemsMerlyn Denesia
This document summarizes various bacterial, viral, protozoan, and parasitic diseases that can affect the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems. It describes the pathogens, signs and symptoms, reservoirs, modes of transmission, treatments, and other details for conditions like rheumatic fever, anthrax, plague, Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, malaria, toxoplasmosis, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, babesiosis, and schistosomiasis. The document provides an overview of many infectious diseases that can spread through the blood and lymph and cause damage to heart, blood vessels, or lymph nodes.
The document discusses the structure and function of the nervous system, including key parts like the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system. It also summarizes bacterial diseases that can affect the nervous system, like meningitis caused by bacteria like Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae, leprosy caused by Mycobacterium leprae, and botulism caused by a toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum. Bacterial meningitis is usually transmitted through respiratory droplets while leprosy spreads through prolonged contact and botulism occurs through ingestion of contaminated food.
This document is a PowerPoint presentation on microbial mechanisms of pathogenicity. It discusses how microorganisms enter the host through various portals of entry like mucous membranes or skin. It defines terms like infectious dose 50 (ID50) and lethal dose 50 (LD50). It also explains how microbes adhere to host cells using adhesins and how they penetrate host defenses using things like capsules, cell wall components, and enzymes. Finally, it covers how pathogens damage host cells through production of exotoxins and endotoxins, and use of toxins, siderophores, and direct damage of host cells.
Brucella is a gram-negative, intracellular bacteria that causes brucellosis (undulant fever) in humans and various animal diseases. The disease is transmitted through contact with infected animals or consumption of unpasteurized dairy. Symptoms in humans are non-specific and include fever, weakness, and joint/back pain. Diagnosis involves blood tests and isolation of the bacteria. Treatment consists of a combination of doxycycline and streptomycin or rifampin for several weeks.
Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative coccobacillus that causes whooping cough (pertussis) in humans. It colonizes the respiratory tract and is transmitted through respiratory droplets. Its virulence factors include adhesins and toxins like pertussis toxin and adenylate cyclase toxin. Expression of virulence factors is controlled by the bvg locus. Whooping cough was a major cause of childhood death before vaccination. While vaccination decreased cases, pertussis is reemerging as vaccine-induced immunity wanes and the bacteria adapts to vaccines through antigenic divergence. Improved vaccines are needed to address ongoing problems with pertussis vaccination and control.
The skin is composed of two main layers, the dermis and epidermis. Bacteria that normally inhabit the skin, known as the normal microbiota, are generally harmless and may be beneficial by competing with pathogens. Bacterial diseases of the skin can occur when pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes infect wounds or compromised areas of the skin and penetrate deeper tissues. Common bacterial infections of the skin discussed in this chapter include folliculitis, impetigo, cellulitis, and acne.
This document discusses the structures and normal microbiota of the urinary and reproductive systems. It describes how the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra make up the urinary system and remove waste from the blood. It also outlines the structures of the male and female reproductive systems, including how the testes, ovaries, uterus and other organs function. Microorganisms normally inhabit parts of the urinary and reproductive tracts in both males and females. The document then examines several bacterial and viral diseases that can infect the urinary and reproductive systems, including urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, chlamydia, herpes, and others.
This is a PowerPoint presentation on the Plague, also known as the Bubonic Plague and the Black Death. The presentation includes an identification of the agent involved, who is at risk, where it is most common, modes of transmission, clinical manifestations of infection, resistance, and how it could be used in bioterrorism.
microbial diseases of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systemsMerlyn Denesia
This document summarizes various bacterial, viral, protozoan, and parasitic diseases that can affect the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems. It describes the pathogens, signs and symptoms, reservoirs, modes of transmission, treatments, and other details for conditions like rheumatic fever, anthrax, plague, Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, malaria, toxoplasmosis, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, babesiosis, and schistosomiasis. The document provides an overview of many infectious diseases that can spread through the blood and lymph and cause damage to heart, blood vessels, or lymph nodes.
The document discusses the structure and function of the nervous system, including key parts like the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system. It also summarizes bacterial diseases that can affect the nervous system, like meningitis caused by bacteria like Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae, leprosy caused by Mycobacterium leprae, and botulism caused by a toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum. Bacterial meningitis is usually transmitted through respiratory droplets while leprosy spreads through prolonged contact and botulism occurs through ingestion of contaminated food.
This document is a PowerPoint presentation on microbial mechanisms of pathogenicity. It discusses how microorganisms enter the host through various portals of entry like mucous membranes or skin. It defines terms like infectious dose 50 (ID50) and lethal dose 50 (LD50). It also explains how microbes adhere to host cells using adhesins and how they penetrate host defenses using things like capsules, cell wall components, and enzymes. Finally, it covers how pathogens damage host cells through production of exotoxins and endotoxins, and use of toxins, siderophores, and direct damage of host cells.
Brucella is a gram-negative, intracellular bacteria that causes brucellosis (undulant fever) in humans and various animal diseases. The disease is transmitted through contact with infected animals or consumption of unpasteurized dairy. Symptoms in humans are non-specific and include fever, weakness, and joint/back pain. Diagnosis involves blood tests and isolation of the bacteria. Treatment consists of a combination of doxycycline and streptomycin or rifampin for several weeks.
Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative coccobacillus that causes whooping cough (pertussis) in humans. It colonizes the respiratory tract and is transmitted through respiratory droplets. Its virulence factors include adhesins and toxins like pertussis toxin and adenylate cyclase toxin. Expression of virulence factors is controlled by the bvg locus. Whooping cough was a major cause of childhood death before vaccination. While vaccination decreased cases, pertussis is reemerging as vaccine-induced immunity wanes and the bacteria adapts to vaccines through antigenic divergence. Improved vaccines are needed to address ongoing problems with pertussis vaccination and control.
The skin is composed of two main layers, the dermis and epidermis. Bacteria that normally inhabit the skin, known as the normal microbiota, are generally harmless and may be beneficial by competing with pathogens. Bacterial diseases of the skin can occur when pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes infect wounds or compromised areas of the skin and penetrate deeper tissues. Common bacterial infections of the skin discussed in this chapter include folliculitis, impetigo, cellulitis, and acne.
This document discusses the structures and normal microbiota of the urinary and reproductive systems. It describes how the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra make up the urinary system and remove waste from the blood. It also outlines the structures of the male and female reproductive systems, including how the testes, ovaries, uterus and other organs function. Microorganisms normally inhabit parts of the urinary and reproductive tracts in both males and females. The document then examines several bacterial and viral diseases that can infect the urinary and reproductive systems, including urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, chlamydia, herpes, and others.
This document provides definitions and information about infectious diseases. It begins by defining infection as the invasion of a host's tissues by microorganisms that can cause subsequent injury and disease. An infectious disease is caused by the presence of microorganisms. Pathogenicity refers to a microbe's ability to cause disease, while virulence refers to the degree of pathogenicity. The document then discusses various microorganisms that can cause infections like viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. It also covers the basic principles of infection transmission, prevention, and the nature of microorganisms. The stages of infectious disease are described along with factors that influence pathogenicity.
Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacteria Coxiella burnetii, which is typically transmitted through contact with livestock, cats, dogs, birds, rodents, or ticks. It has an incubation period of around 20 days and can cause acute symptoms like fever, cough, and breathing difficulties, or develop into chronic Q fever which affects the heart, blood vessels, and bones. Treatment involves a combination of antibiotics like doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine. The disease is considered very infectious and a potential bioterrorism agent.
Flaviviruses are a family of small, spherical, enveloped viruses with single-stranded RNA genomes. Important flaviviruses that cause disease in humans include dengue virus, yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, and Japanese encephalitis virus. Dengue virus is transmitted by mosquitoes and has four serotypes. It causes dengue fever and the more severe dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. Symptoms range from mild fever to bleeding, low platelets and shock. There is no vaccine for dengue virus, so prevention depends on controlling mosquito populations.
This document provides an overview of Brucella, the bacteria that causes brucellosis. It discusses the taxonomy of Brucella, describing the nine recognized species. It covers the pathogenesis of Brucellosis, noting that it is a zoonotic disease transmitted from animals to humans. The clinical manifestations of both acute and chronic Brucellosis are explained. The document also summarizes methods for laboratory diagnosis of Brucellosis, including culture, serology, PCR and skin tests. Treatment involves a combination of tetracycline and doxycycline antibiotics. Prevention strategies include pasteurizing milk, vaccinating animals and slaughtering infected herds.
presentation talking about streptococcus pneumonia ,identification of streptococcus pneumonia ,virulence factors of streptococcus pneumonia and mechanism of pathogenesis
This document discusses bacterial pathogenesis and infection. It covers several key topics:
1) Normal flora are microorganisms that normally live in or on the human body without causing disease. Opportunistic pathogens are normal flora that can cause disease under certain conditions if the host's immunity is compromised.
2) Bacterial infection is determined by factors of both the bacterium and host. The number and virulence of bacteria as well as the host's innate and acquired immunity impact whether infection occurs.
3) Bacterial pathogenicity is influenced by virulence factors like toxins, invasiveness, and the portal of entry. Virulence refers to an organism's ability to cause disease and is determined by its inv
Yersinia pestis is a gram-negative rod that causes plague. It is primarily transmitted between rodents like rats, mice and squirrels via flea bites. Humans are accidental hosts. There are three main forms of plague infection: bubonic plague causes swollen lymph nodes, septicemic plague causes fever and hypotension, and pneumonic plague causes cough and bloody sputum. Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis can cause gastrointestinal illness in humans after consuming contaminated food, especially pork.
Normal flora, or indigenous microbes, regularly colonize specific regions of the human body. They include both resident flora that are lifelong members and transient microbes unable to colonize long-term. The composition of normal flora changes with age, sex, diet, development and environment. While normal flora provide benefits like preventing pathogen colonization and stimulating immunity, they can also act as opportunistic pathogens under certain conditions or share resistance with pathogens. Different regions of the body harbor characteristic normal flora, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis on the skin and Lactobacillus in the healthy adult vagina.
This document summarizes different poxviruses, including orthopox viruses like variola, vaccinia, and monkeypox. It discusses the taxonomy of poxviruses, noting the Chordopoxvirinae and Entomopoxvirinae subfamilies. Key details are provided on variola virus and smallpox, including its global eradication in 1980. Vaccinia virus is described as an artificial virus used for vaccine development. The morphology, properties, antigenic structure, cultivation in cell lines and animals, and laboratory diagnosis of poxviruses are summarized. Specific poxviruses affecting animals like buffalopox, cowpox, orf virus, and tanapox are also outlined
Streptococcus is a diverse genus of gram-positive bacteria that includes both commensal and pathogenic species. S. pyogenes is an important human pathogen causing pyogenic infections like pharyngitis and impetigo. It produces toxins and enzymes that contribute to its virulence. S. agalactiae can cause neonatal meningitis and infections in pregnant and immunocompromised individuals. S. pneumoniae is a leading cause of pneumonia, otitis media, and meningitis in all ages through production of a polysaccharide capsule and other virulence factors.
Zoonotic infections are diseases that can spread from animals to humans. Over 60% of infectious diseases in humans are zoonotic. Transmission can occur through direct contact with infected animals, indirect contact, vectors like ticks and mosquitoes, or contaminated food. Common zoonotic diseases include anthrax, bovine tuberculosis, salmonellosis, E. coli, rabies, avian influenza, and prion diseases. Bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, and prions can all cause zoonotic diseases. Proper hygiene and food handling can help prevent transmission of zoonotic infections.
This document provides an introduction to microbiology. It defines microbiology as the study of microorganisms too small to be seen with the naked eye. It discusses the importance of microbiology in nursing practice. Key contributors to the field are identified, including Leeuwenhoek, Redi, Pasteur, and Koch. Characteristics of different types of microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites are outlined. Methods of classifying and studying microbes are also summarized.
The document discusses several bacterial and viral diseases that affect the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems. It describes key pathogens like bacteria and viruses that cause diseases like sepsis, endocarditis, tularemia, plague, Lyme disease, ehrlichiosis, infectious mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus disease, yellow fever, dengue fever, and African viral hemorrhagic fevers. For each disease, it covers signs and symptoms, pathogens and virulence factors, pathogenesis and epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. The document contains several figures illustrating concepts discussed in the text.
Yersinia pestis is the bacterium that causes bubonic and pneumonic plague in humans. It is typically transmitted via the bites of infected fleas. There have been three major pandemics of plague throughout history, including the infamous Black Death pandemic of the 14th century that killed approximately 50 million people in Europe. Y. pestis is a gram-negative rod that grows rapidly in blood and tissue fluids. It carries plasmids that are essential for virulence. After being bitten by an infected flea, the bacteria migrate to lymph nodes and multiply, causing swelling, necrosis, and sepsis if untreated. Diagnosis involves identifying the bacteria in smears, cultures, or antibodies. Streptomycin is the
This document discusses infection and microbiology. It defines infection as the invasion and growth of microorganisms in body tissues. Microorganisms that cause disease are called pathogens, and can enter the body through various portals of entry. They are then able to multiply if they find a susceptible host. The document outlines different types of infections and how they are classified. It also discusses the factors that influence microbial pathogenicity and how infections are transmitted.
The rickettsiae are a diverse collection of obligately intracellular Gram-negative bacteria found in ticks, lice, fleas, mites, chiggers, and mammals. They include the genera Rickettsiae, Ehrlichia,Orientia, and Coxiella. These zoonotic pathogens cause infections that disseminate in the blood to many organs.
Scientists divide Gram-positive bacilli into spore-forming and non-spore-forming genera. The two spore-forming genera are Bacillus and Clostridium. Bacillus forms endospores centrally and is aerobic. Important pathogenic Bacillus species include B. anthracis and B. cereus. B. anthracis causes anthrax through its toxin and spores. Clostridium forms terminal or subterminal spores and is anaerobic. Important pathogenic Clostridium species are C. perfringens, C. tetani, and C. botulinum, which cause myonecrosis, tetanus, and botulism respectively through their tox
Concise discussion on essential clinical and microbiological aspects of Candia, Pneumocystis and Aspergillus infections in HIV and other immunocompromised patients.
Parvovirus B19 - Causes, Symptoms, Pathology, Diagnosis, Treatment #Parvovirus B19
As the channel name suggests, our channel will be a perfect lounge for the malayali medicos..we wil be covering videos which will be like lecture classes related to the subjects biochemistry and microbiology in which we are specialised.. It will be a better learning experience for the students especially for those who are not able to understand and follow the normal classes in college..we assure the students that you will get a basic idea regarding the topic and extra reading can be done from the reference textbooks...
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Maneesha M Joseph
MSc MLT (Microbiology)
Assistant Professor
Baby memorial college of allied Health science
Kozhikode
Our Partner Channel
Health & Voyage channel link - https://youtu.be/nzKqRVjlwc0
#Mallu
#Microbiology
#Biochemistry
#MalluMedicosLounge
#parvovirus treatment
The document discusses various pathogenic microbes and diseases including tetanus, typhoid, cholera, and others. It provides detailed descriptions of the causative agents, transmission, symptoms, treatment and prevention of each disease. For tetanus, it describes Clostridium tetani bacteria and how tetanus toxin causes painful muscle contractions. For typhoid, it discusses Salmonella typhi bacteria and how the disease spreads through contaminated food or water. For cholera, it mentions Vibrio cholerae bacteria and how the disease is transmitted by ingesting food or water contaminated with infected feces.
This PowerPoint presentation discusses microbial diseases of the skin and eyes. It begins by describing the structure and function of skin, including the epidermis, dermis, hair follicles, and sweat and oil glands. It then discusses the normal microbiota of skin, which includes staphylococci and propionibacteria. The presentation goes on to describe various bacterial, viral, and fungal diseases that can infect the skin, such as impetigo, folliculitis, herpes, chickenpox, and ringworm. It provides details on the causative agents, symptoms, and treatment of many common and important skin diseases.
This document is a PowerPoint presentation about microbial diseases of the nervous system. It covers various bacterial infections that can cause meningitis (inflammation of the meninges) or encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), including those caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium tetani, and Clostridium botulinum. It also discusses viral infections like poliomyelitis, rabies, and arboviral encephalitis. Diagnostic techniques and treatments for these diseases are explained. The presentation concludes by covering leprosy caused by Mycobacterium leprae.
This document provides definitions and information about infectious diseases. It begins by defining infection as the invasion of a host's tissues by microorganisms that can cause subsequent injury and disease. An infectious disease is caused by the presence of microorganisms. Pathogenicity refers to a microbe's ability to cause disease, while virulence refers to the degree of pathogenicity. The document then discusses various microorganisms that can cause infections like viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. It also covers the basic principles of infection transmission, prevention, and the nature of microorganisms. The stages of infectious disease are described along with factors that influence pathogenicity.
Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacteria Coxiella burnetii, which is typically transmitted through contact with livestock, cats, dogs, birds, rodents, or ticks. It has an incubation period of around 20 days and can cause acute symptoms like fever, cough, and breathing difficulties, or develop into chronic Q fever which affects the heart, blood vessels, and bones. Treatment involves a combination of antibiotics like doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine. The disease is considered very infectious and a potential bioterrorism agent.
Flaviviruses are a family of small, spherical, enveloped viruses with single-stranded RNA genomes. Important flaviviruses that cause disease in humans include dengue virus, yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, and Japanese encephalitis virus. Dengue virus is transmitted by mosquitoes and has four serotypes. It causes dengue fever and the more severe dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. Symptoms range from mild fever to bleeding, low platelets and shock. There is no vaccine for dengue virus, so prevention depends on controlling mosquito populations.
This document provides an overview of Brucella, the bacteria that causes brucellosis. It discusses the taxonomy of Brucella, describing the nine recognized species. It covers the pathogenesis of Brucellosis, noting that it is a zoonotic disease transmitted from animals to humans. The clinical manifestations of both acute and chronic Brucellosis are explained. The document also summarizes methods for laboratory diagnosis of Brucellosis, including culture, serology, PCR and skin tests. Treatment involves a combination of tetracycline and doxycycline antibiotics. Prevention strategies include pasteurizing milk, vaccinating animals and slaughtering infected herds.
presentation talking about streptococcus pneumonia ,identification of streptococcus pneumonia ,virulence factors of streptococcus pneumonia and mechanism of pathogenesis
This document discusses bacterial pathogenesis and infection. It covers several key topics:
1) Normal flora are microorganisms that normally live in or on the human body without causing disease. Opportunistic pathogens are normal flora that can cause disease under certain conditions if the host's immunity is compromised.
2) Bacterial infection is determined by factors of both the bacterium and host. The number and virulence of bacteria as well as the host's innate and acquired immunity impact whether infection occurs.
3) Bacterial pathogenicity is influenced by virulence factors like toxins, invasiveness, and the portal of entry. Virulence refers to an organism's ability to cause disease and is determined by its inv
Yersinia pestis is a gram-negative rod that causes plague. It is primarily transmitted between rodents like rats, mice and squirrels via flea bites. Humans are accidental hosts. There are three main forms of plague infection: bubonic plague causes swollen lymph nodes, septicemic plague causes fever and hypotension, and pneumonic plague causes cough and bloody sputum. Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis can cause gastrointestinal illness in humans after consuming contaminated food, especially pork.
Normal flora, or indigenous microbes, regularly colonize specific regions of the human body. They include both resident flora that are lifelong members and transient microbes unable to colonize long-term. The composition of normal flora changes with age, sex, diet, development and environment. While normal flora provide benefits like preventing pathogen colonization and stimulating immunity, they can also act as opportunistic pathogens under certain conditions or share resistance with pathogens. Different regions of the body harbor characteristic normal flora, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis on the skin and Lactobacillus in the healthy adult vagina.
This document summarizes different poxviruses, including orthopox viruses like variola, vaccinia, and monkeypox. It discusses the taxonomy of poxviruses, noting the Chordopoxvirinae and Entomopoxvirinae subfamilies. Key details are provided on variola virus and smallpox, including its global eradication in 1980. Vaccinia virus is described as an artificial virus used for vaccine development. The morphology, properties, antigenic structure, cultivation in cell lines and animals, and laboratory diagnosis of poxviruses are summarized. Specific poxviruses affecting animals like buffalopox, cowpox, orf virus, and tanapox are also outlined
Streptococcus is a diverse genus of gram-positive bacteria that includes both commensal and pathogenic species. S. pyogenes is an important human pathogen causing pyogenic infections like pharyngitis and impetigo. It produces toxins and enzymes that contribute to its virulence. S. agalactiae can cause neonatal meningitis and infections in pregnant and immunocompromised individuals. S. pneumoniae is a leading cause of pneumonia, otitis media, and meningitis in all ages through production of a polysaccharide capsule and other virulence factors.
Zoonotic infections are diseases that can spread from animals to humans. Over 60% of infectious diseases in humans are zoonotic. Transmission can occur through direct contact with infected animals, indirect contact, vectors like ticks and mosquitoes, or contaminated food. Common zoonotic diseases include anthrax, bovine tuberculosis, salmonellosis, E. coli, rabies, avian influenza, and prion diseases. Bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, and prions can all cause zoonotic diseases. Proper hygiene and food handling can help prevent transmission of zoonotic infections.
This document provides an introduction to microbiology. It defines microbiology as the study of microorganisms too small to be seen with the naked eye. It discusses the importance of microbiology in nursing practice. Key contributors to the field are identified, including Leeuwenhoek, Redi, Pasteur, and Koch. Characteristics of different types of microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites are outlined. Methods of classifying and studying microbes are also summarized.
The document discusses several bacterial and viral diseases that affect the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems. It describes key pathogens like bacteria and viruses that cause diseases like sepsis, endocarditis, tularemia, plague, Lyme disease, ehrlichiosis, infectious mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus disease, yellow fever, dengue fever, and African viral hemorrhagic fevers. For each disease, it covers signs and symptoms, pathogens and virulence factors, pathogenesis and epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. The document contains several figures illustrating concepts discussed in the text.
Yersinia pestis is the bacterium that causes bubonic and pneumonic plague in humans. It is typically transmitted via the bites of infected fleas. There have been three major pandemics of plague throughout history, including the infamous Black Death pandemic of the 14th century that killed approximately 50 million people in Europe. Y. pestis is a gram-negative rod that grows rapidly in blood and tissue fluids. It carries plasmids that are essential for virulence. After being bitten by an infected flea, the bacteria migrate to lymph nodes and multiply, causing swelling, necrosis, and sepsis if untreated. Diagnosis involves identifying the bacteria in smears, cultures, or antibodies. Streptomycin is the
This document discusses infection and microbiology. It defines infection as the invasion and growth of microorganisms in body tissues. Microorganisms that cause disease are called pathogens, and can enter the body through various portals of entry. They are then able to multiply if they find a susceptible host. The document outlines different types of infections and how they are classified. It also discusses the factors that influence microbial pathogenicity and how infections are transmitted.
The rickettsiae are a diverse collection of obligately intracellular Gram-negative bacteria found in ticks, lice, fleas, mites, chiggers, and mammals. They include the genera Rickettsiae, Ehrlichia,Orientia, and Coxiella. These zoonotic pathogens cause infections that disseminate in the blood to many organs.
Scientists divide Gram-positive bacilli into spore-forming and non-spore-forming genera. The two spore-forming genera are Bacillus and Clostridium. Bacillus forms endospores centrally and is aerobic. Important pathogenic Bacillus species include B. anthracis and B. cereus. B. anthracis causes anthrax through its toxin and spores. Clostridium forms terminal or subterminal spores and is anaerobic. Important pathogenic Clostridium species are C. perfringens, C. tetani, and C. botulinum, which cause myonecrosis, tetanus, and botulism respectively through their tox
Concise discussion on essential clinical and microbiological aspects of Candia, Pneumocystis and Aspergillus infections in HIV and other immunocompromised patients.
Parvovirus B19 - Causes, Symptoms, Pathology, Diagnosis, Treatment #Parvovirus B19
As the channel name suggests, our channel will be a perfect lounge for the malayali medicos..we wil be covering videos which will be like lecture classes related to the subjects biochemistry and microbiology in which we are specialised.. It will be a better learning experience for the students especially for those who are not able to understand and follow the normal classes in college..we assure the students that you will get a basic idea regarding the topic and extra reading can be done from the reference textbooks...
If you like my video
like
comment
subscribe my channel
don't forget to subscribe my channel
Qualification
Maneesha M Joseph
MSc MLT (Microbiology)
Assistant Professor
Baby memorial college of allied Health science
Kozhikode
Our Partner Channel
Health & Voyage channel link - https://youtu.be/nzKqRVjlwc0
#Mallu
#Microbiology
#Biochemistry
#MalluMedicosLounge
#parvovirus treatment
The document discusses various pathogenic microbes and diseases including tetanus, typhoid, cholera, and others. It provides detailed descriptions of the causative agents, transmission, symptoms, treatment and prevention of each disease. For tetanus, it describes Clostridium tetani bacteria and how tetanus toxin causes painful muscle contractions. For typhoid, it discusses Salmonella typhi bacteria and how the disease spreads through contaminated food or water. For cholera, it mentions Vibrio cholerae bacteria and how the disease is transmitted by ingesting food or water contaminated with infected feces.
This PowerPoint presentation discusses microbial diseases of the skin and eyes. It begins by describing the structure and function of skin, including the epidermis, dermis, hair follicles, and sweat and oil glands. It then discusses the normal microbiota of skin, which includes staphylococci and propionibacteria. The presentation goes on to describe various bacterial, viral, and fungal diseases that can infect the skin, such as impetigo, folliculitis, herpes, chickenpox, and ringworm. It provides details on the causative agents, symptoms, and treatment of many common and important skin diseases.
This document is a PowerPoint presentation about microbial diseases of the nervous system. It covers various bacterial infections that can cause meningitis (inflammation of the meninges) or encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), including those caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium tetani, and Clostridium botulinum. It also discusses viral infections like poliomyelitis, rabies, and arboviral encephalitis. Diagnostic techniques and treatments for these diseases are explained. The presentation concludes by covering leprosy caused by Mycobacterium leprae.
This document appears to be a quiz on microbial diseases of the skin and eyes from a textbook. It consists of 25 multiple choice questions divided into 5 topics: skin, bacterial diseases, viral diseases, fungal and parasitic diseases, and infectious diseases of the eye. Each question is worth $100-$500 and includes the question, 4 possible answers, and then the correct answer. The questions cover a range of microbes that can cause infections of the skin and eyes, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites.
The document is a PowerPoint presentation on microbial diseases of the respiratory system. It covers the structure and function of the respiratory system, normal microbiota, and various bacterial and viral diseases that can infect the upper and lower respiratory tract. Key points include how the respiratory system prevents microbe entry, common upper respiratory infections like strep throat, sinusitis and whooping cough, and lower respiratory infections including pneumonia and tuberculosis.
This document contains a quiz on microbial diseases of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems. It is divided into topics on bacteria, vectors, viruses, and protozoa/helminths. Each topic contains multiple choice questions about various pathogens, with answers provided after each question. The quiz covers information about causative agents, transmission methods, signs and symptoms, and life cycles.
This document contains a quiz on microbial diseases of the nervous system. It is divided into sections on the nervous system, bacterial diseases, fungal and protozoan diseases, viral diseases, and prion diseases. Each section contains multiple choice questions on topics related to specific pathogens that can infect the nervous system, their symptoms, modes of transmission, and sterilization methods. The questions range in value from $100 to $500 and provide the answers when selected.
This document appears to be a quiz on microbiology topics related to respiratory diseases. It consists of multiple choice questions divided into topics including the upper respiratory tract, lower respiratory tract, bacteria, and viruses. For each question there is an answer option selected from A-D. The document aims to test knowledge of infectious agents, transmission, symptoms, and treatments of various respiratory illnesses.
This PowerPoint presentation covers the history and mechanisms of antimicrobial drugs. It discusses:
1) The contributions of Paul Ehrlich and Alexander Fleming to chemotherapy through the discovery of selective toxicity and penicillin.
2) The major classes of antimicrobial drugs like antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, and their mechanisms of action including inhibiting cell wall, protein, and nucleic acid synthesis.
3) Specific drugs for bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa and helminths from each class and their targets in the microbe.
4) Issues with developing drugs given differences between microbial and human cells, and the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance.
The document provides an overview of the male reproductive system, including its anatomy and function. It describes the testes, spermatic ducts, and accessory glands. It discusses puberty and the hormonal control of the brain-testicular axis. The role of testosterone in sexual development and maintenance of reproductive functions is also summarized.
The document provides an overview of the digestive system including the anatomy and functions of the upper GI tract, small intestine, large intestine, and chemical digestion and absorption processes. It covers topics like the roles of saliva, stomach secretions, pancreatic enzymes, bile, and intestinal absorption. It also includes a quiz with multiple choice questions testing understanding of the digestive system content.
The document provides an overview of the urinary system and kidney functions. It discusses:
- The main components of the urinary system including kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
- The key functions of the kidneys which include filtering blood, regulating fluid and electrolyte balance, controlling blood pressure, and producing hormones.
- The anatomy of the kidneys including their location, layers of tissue, blood supply, and the functional unit of the kidney called the nephron.
- The three stages of urine formation: glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and secretion, and the regulation of glomerular filtration rate.
The document provides an overview of the urinary system including:
1) The gross anatomy of the kidneys and nephrons, including structures like the renal medulla, renal cortex, renal columns, renal sinus, ureters, and calyces.
2) The process of filtration through the glomerulus and nephron, including factors that influence glomerular filtration rate.
3) The role of renal tubules in reabsorbing nutrients and regulating water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance as urine is formed.
This document contains a quiz on microbial pathogenesis covering topics of portals of entry, bacterial pathogens, viral pathogens, and eukaryotic pathogens. It consists of multiple choice questions with answers on these topics, worth $100 to $500 per question. The quiz is designed to test knowledge of microbial disease mechanisms like toxins, biofilms, antigenic variation, and more.
MANEJO INICIAL EN POLITRAUMATIZADOS MIC HORACE NEGRETTEHorace Negrette
Este documento presenta una capacitación sobre el manejo del paciente politraumatizado para médicos integrales comunitarios. Explica la importancia de la evaluación y estabilización rápida del paciente, especialmente en la "hora dorada" y los "10 minutos de platino" después del trauma. Describe el proceso de triaje para clasificar pacientes por prioridad y los elementos clave de la evaluación primaria y secundaria, incluyendo signos vitales, mecanismo del trauma y posibles lesiones. El objetivo es identificar y tratar lesiones que pongan
El documento describe la organización comunitaria y las instituciones presentes en el municipio de Loreto, Bolivia. 1) La organización a nivel comunal es mínima debido a la dispersión geográfica de las comunidades. 2) Aproximadamente la mitad de las comunidades tienen personalidad jurídica y existen pocas organizaciones sociales funcionales con líderes poco capacitados. 3) Las instituciones públicas y privadas con presencia son escasas debido a los pocos recursos.
EIOPA Financial Stability Report 2013 Lucas Wyrsch
EIOPA is part of the European System of Financial Supervision consisting of three European Supervisory Authorities and the European Systemic Risk Board.
It is an independent advisory body to the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union and the European Commission.
EIOPA’s core responsibilities are to support the stability of the financial system, transparency of markets and financial products as well as the protection of insurance policyholders, pension scheme members and beneficiaries.
EIOPA is based in Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Since the publication of EIOPA’s last Financial Stability Review in July 2013, the core
elements of the risk environment facing EU insurance undertakings and occupational
pension schemes has remained largely unchanged.
The reporting season showed relative resilience in the profitability and solvency of EU insurance undertakings, but the latent risks facing the sector cannot be ignored.
There is no cause for complacency. The main risks, namely,
1. the low yield environment,
2. the weak macro-economic climate and
3. credit risk from exposure to sovereigns and financial institutions
remain mostly unchanged.
La Escucha Activa ofrece servicios de marketing digital como análisis web, redes sociales, publicidad y email marketing con el objetivo de contribuir al éxito de los negocios y talentos de sus clientes mediante planes efectivos basados en la escucha activa para comprender sus necesidades y ofrecer un valor añadido. Sus servicios incluyen análisis web, creación de estrategias y gestión de redes sociales, diseño y envío de campañas de email marketing y publicidad en línea.
1. The document presents a template for solving "wicked problems", which are engineering problems that are difficult to solve due to incomplete or contradictory information and changing requirements.
2. It describes how wicked problems can span multiple domains with complex societal impacts, and discusses how offloading cognitive processing to computers changes how engineers approach problem solving.
3. The document proposes using an "OODA loop" approach to problem solving - observing a problem, orienting knowledge towards it, deciding on hypotheses, and taking action - and discusses challenges of representing complex problem contexts within computers.
The document discusses zoonotic infections transmitted from animals to humans. It provides details on plague caused by Yersinia pestis, including epidemiology, clinical types, diagnosis and treatment. It also discusses tularemia caused by Francisella tularensis and bite wound infections. Common zoonotic infections are transmitted via bites or contact with infected animals and vectors like fleas and ticks. Proper control of reservoirs and vectors is important for prevention.
This document discusses the history of infection control from ancient times to modern practices. It covers various ancient civilizations that practiced early forms of infection control and hygiene. It then discusses key figures and discoveries in medical history that advanced the germ theory of disease and modern infection control practices, such as antisepsis, antibiotics, and the roles of hospitals and regulations in preventing healthcare-associated infections. Risk factors and differences between community-associated and healthcare-associated MRSA are also covered. The effects of diet, stress, and lifestyle on immune function are discussed in relation to infection risk. Infection control practices for complementary therapies are proposed.
Zoonosis is a term used to describe diseases and infections that can be transmitted from animals to humans. These diseases can be caused by a variety of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi, and can affect a wide range of animal species, including domestic pets, livestock, and wildlife.
Some examples of zoonotic diseases include:
Rabies: A viral disease that is transmitted through the bite or scratch of an infected animal, most commonly a dog.
Salmonella: A bacterial infection that is transmitted through the consumption of contaminated food, including undercooked poultry or eggs, or through contact with infected animals.
West Nile virus: A viral disease that is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito.
Plague: A bacterial infection that is transmitted through the bite of an infected flea, which is often carried by rats.
Lyme disease: A bacterial infection transmitted through the bite of an infected tick.
Zoonotic diseases can have a significant impact on both human and animal health, and can also have economic and social consequences. In order to prevent the spread of zoonotic diseases, it is important to implement measures such as vaccination, proper handling and preparation of food, and pest control. It is also important to educate the public about the risks and prevention of zoonotic diseases.
This chapter discusses standard precautions and transmission-based precautions for emergency care providers. It describes the three most common bloodborne illnesses - hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV. It outlines signs and symptoms and protective measures for airborne diseases like tuberculosis, chickenpox, and measles. It also discusses droplet illnesses including pertussis, mumps, meningitis and influenza. The chapter stresses the importance of personal protective equipment, hand washing, and vaccines/immunizations for providers.
This document discusses bioterrorism and various biological agents that could potentially be used for bioterrorism. It describes the US CDC categories of biological agents (Category A, B, C) and provides details on specific agents like smallpox, anthrax, plague, and their pathogenesis. It also outlines measures for biosurveillance, personal protection during autopsies of suspected bioterrorism cases, and protocols for specimen collection that can aid in identifying the biological agent used.
Epidemiology is the study of disease distribution and determinants in populations. Hippocrates was the first epidemiologist, observing disease contributing factors. Thomas Sydenham classified fevers in London. In the 1700s, Jesty and Jenner observed cowpox conferred smallpox immunity, leading to vaccination. Lind identified scurvy remedies, reducing cases in sailors. Pasteur and Koch proved germ theories of disease. Advances like microscopy helped early epidemiologists understand disease transmission and dynamics.
Intestinal Parasite Infections Affect Billions of People WorldwideMediterranea Pte Ltd
The document discusses the importance of identifying intestinal parasites, noting that parasites like ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm infect over 2.5 billion people worldwide, causing illnesses and mortality. It outlines the health impacts of these parasites, especially on children, pregnant women, the elderly, and immunocompromised groups. Proper diagnosis of intestinal parasites is important to maximize detection and avoid false negatives, and concentration and analysis techniques are described.
Bioterrorism using biological agents has occurred throughout history. Microbial pathogens have been used as weapons of war, including poisoning water supplies with ergot fungus and spreading smallpox via contaminated blankets. The CDC classifies potential biothreat agents as Category A, B, or C based on factors such as ease of transmission, mortality rates, and potential for social disruption. Category A agents posing the highest risk include anthrax, plague, smallpox, tularemia, and viral hemorrhagic fevers. Anthrax spores can remain dormant for weeks before causing infection and was a bioweapon in 2001 attacks in the US. Symptoms depend on route of exposure but can include flu-like illness
Epidemiology and cycle of microbial diseasesChhaya Sawant
This document discusses epidemiology, which is the study of disease patterns in populations. It defines key epidemiology terms like morbidity, prevalence, and mortality rates. The document also outlines the cycle of microbial disease, from the reservoir of an infectious agent to transmission between hosts through various routes. It describes factors that influence disease epidemiology, like dose, incubation period, and population characteristics. The roles and objectives of epidemiologists in identifying disease causes, risks, and appropriate control measures are also covered.
Rabies is a fatal viral disease transmitted through the bites of rabid animals. It causes tens of thousands of deaths worldwide every year, mostly in Asia and Africa. Dogs are the primary source of transmission to humans. The disease causes neurological symptoms such as anxiety, hydrophobia, and eventually paralysis and death. There is no cure once symptoms appear, making vaccination an important preventative measure.
Emerging viruses are infectious agents that cause new or previously unrecognized infections in humans. Emerging viruses arise through expanded host ranges of existing viruses or cross-species transmission from animals. Factors such as human population growth, globalization, and environmental changes have increased opportunities for human contact with animal viruses and their establishment in human populations. Once introduced, emerging viruses can sometimes spread efficiently from person to person and cause epidemics.
This document discusses infection prevention and safety measures. It begins with definitions of key terms like infection, nosocomial infection, and the chain of infection. It then reviews the history of infection prevention from ancient times through modern developments. Specific types of infections are defined, including hospital-acquired infections. Research on bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance in Nepalese hospitals is summarized. Common microbes that cause hospital infections and strategies to prevent healthcare-associated infections are also outlined.
The document discusses chicken (poultry) as an animal model for studying human diseases like coronaviruses. It notes that the first coronavirus discovered was the avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in chickens in the 1930s. Drawing from decades of experience with IBV, the poultry industry can provide insights into zoonotic coronaviruses like SARS-CoV-2 that cause COVID-19. The document outlines similarities between IBV and human coronaviruses in terms of structure, genome and replication mechanisms.
This presentation provides an overview of brucellosis, a bacterial disease caused by brucella organisms. It affects livestock such as cattle, goats, and sheep, and can be transmitted to humans. Symptoms in humans include fever, fatigue, joint pain, and abortion in pregnant women. While symptoms in animals include fever and abortion late in pregnancy. The disease is transmitted through contact with infected tissues/fluids from animals. Diagnosis involves culture and serological tests, while treatment consists of a combination of doxycycline and rifampin antibiotics for 6-8 weeks. Control relies on vaccination of animals and testing/culling of infected livestock.
Selected Definition in Infectious Disease Epidemiology & Uses.pptxDr. Anuj Singh
1. Epidemiology is defined as the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations and the application of this study to control relevant health problems.
2. Key components of epidemiology include measuring disease frequency and distribution, and identifying determinants and risk factors of diseases. Infectious disease epidemiology studies topics such as infection, contamination, infestation, and the definitions of an infectious disease.
3. Epidemiology is useful for community diagnosis, disease surveillance, planning and evaluation of health programs, and identifying risk factors and the natural history of diseases.
Plague is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, which is typically transmitted between small mammals and their fleas. It exists naturally in many parts of the world. The document provides details on the epidemiology, transmission, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of plague. It summarizes the timeline of plague outbreaks in India, the modes of transmission to humans, diagnostic methods, treatment with antibiotics, vaccination, control of rodents and fleas, and the objectives and procedures for epidemiological investigation of plague outbreaks.
Epidemiologic investigations, Advance public health pharmay, 2016/2017 sessionMusa Abbas
This document defines key concepts in epidemiology and describes the steps involved in investigating a disease outbreak. It discusses the following:
- Descriptive, analytical, and experimental epidemiology and their purposes.
- The chain of infection and transmission, including reservoirs, modes of transmission, and susceptible hosts.
- The steps in an epidemiological investigation including establishing the outbreak, confirming diagnoses, defining cases, relating cases to time/place/person, formulating hypotheses, and implementing control measures.
- Epidemiological terms such as endemic, pandemic, incubation period, herd immunity, and the importance of outbreak investigations.
The document discusses Ebola virus disease (EVD) and its threat to public health. It begins with definitions of emerging infectious diseases and re-emerging infectious diseases from the WHO. It then discusses EVD specifically, noting that it is caused by the Ebola virus, which was first identified in outbreaks in Africa in the 1970s. The document outlines the epidemiology of EVD, including its transmission from fruit bats to humans, high fatality rate, and recent outbreak in West Africa. It also summarizes the virological characteristics of Ebola virus and clinical symptoms of EVD, which can range from mild symptoms to severe hemorrhagic fever.
This document provides information about the anatomy and physiology of the major sense organs - the eye, ear, taste and smell. It contains multiple choice questions about eye anatomy including the structures of the eye like the cornea, muscles and blood vessels. Questions also cover eye physiology topics such as accommodation, myopia and the role of the lens. The sections about ear anatomy and physiology discuss the structures of the inner, middle and outer ear as well as functions like hearing and balance. Taste and smell receptors are described as are the cranial nerves involved in taste.
This document provides an overview of the human sensory systems. It begins by defining sensory receptors and describing their general properties and types. It then discusses the general senses of touch, pain, taste, and smell. For each sense, it describes the sensory receptors, how stimuli are transduced and encoded, and the neural pathways from the receptors to the brain. Touch is mediated by various unencapsulated and encapsulated receptors in the skin. Pain signals travel through the spinal cord or cranial nerves and project to multiple areas in the brainstem and cortex. Taste and smell rely on receptor cells in the tongue and nose that bind to chemicals and project signals through cranial nerves to regions like the thalamus and cortex.
Chapter 26 review - Infections of skin and eyeskevperrino
This chapter review focuses on infections of the skin and eyes, including characteristics, symptoms, and treatment of impetigo, rubella, acne, erysipelas, cutaneous anthrax, varicella-zoster, measles, smallpox, and shingles. It also discusses necrotizing fasciitis, sweat glands and bacteria, folliculitis, blackheads, staphylococcal abscesses, anthropods, trachoma, the differences between cutaneous and inhalation anthrax, candidiasis, and HSV-1.
This chapter review covers several topics related to antibiotics and antimicrobial drugs including how antibiotics work by disrupting protein synthesis, how sulfa drugs function, the mechanisms of various antibiotics like penicillin and cephalosporins, how different drugs treat bacterial, viral, fungal and protozoan infections, the development of antibiotic resistance, and semi-synthetic antibiotics. The review provides an overview of key areas to focus on for the chapter but notes that students are responsible for all reading material.
The document provides an overview of key areas to focus on in reviewing Chapter 25 of the textbook on the digestive system. These include: 1) the anatomy and functions of the tooth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, gallbladder, pancreas and intestines; 2) digestive processes like plaquing, digestion by enzymes, and absorption of nutrients and vitamins; and 3) concepts like the enterogastic reflex, Peyer's patches, and histology of the intestinal sections. The review covers anatomical structures and physiological functions throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract.
The document provides a review of key areas to focus on for Chapter 23 which covers the urinary system. It lists topics such as the anatomy of the kidney and nephron, renal blood supply, control of urination, contents and osmolarity of urine, anatomy of the urinary system for both males and females, and functions of structures like the glomerulus, bladder and sphincters. Other areas highlighted include hypertonic vs hypotonic urine, glycosuria, renin, uric acid, aldosterone, and kidney damage.
The document summarizes key topics covered in Chapter 22 of the respiratory system review, including tracing airflow through the nasal passages into the alveoli, identifying the structures of the upper and lower respiratory tract, describing the function of pulmonary surfactant and gas transport, explaining the neural control of breathing and gas laws, and calculating pulmonary volumes and capacities. It also lists disorders of the respiratory system, structures of the lungs such as the bronchial system, muscles of respiration, and the role of atmospheric pressures and the pleural cavity in breathing.
This document provides an overview of microbiology and infectious diseases. It discusses what microbiology is, why it is important, and how microbes can cause infectious diseases. It also covers epidemiology, pathogenesis, host defenses, treatment of infections, and the importance of prevention through public health measures and immunization.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to form urine and regulate electrolyte and fluid levels. Each kidney contains nephrons, the functional filtering units, composed of a glomerulus and renal tubule. Urine is formed through glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption of useful substances, and tubular secretion of wastes. The ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, where it is stored and then expelled through the urethra.
The document summarizes key aspects of the digestive system, including its main divisions and functions. The digestive system breaks down food mechanically and chemically. Mechanical digestion increases surface area through processes like chewing, while chemical digestion involves enzymes that break molecules into simpler compounds. Digestion occurs along the alimentary tube from the mouth to anus, aided by accessory organs like the liver, pancreas and gallbladder. The end products of digestion, like carbohydrates, proteins and fats, are absorbed and used by cells.
The respiratory system includes the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and diaphragm and intercostal muscles. The lungs are the site of gas exchange between inhaled air and blood in the pulmonary capillaries. Oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out. The respiratory centers in the medulla and pons control breathing and respond to changes in blood oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. Diseases can disrupt lung function and acid-base balance.
Ch14 - Lymphatic System - Franklin Universitykevperrino
The document summarizes key aspects of the lymphatic system and immunity from Chapter 14 of Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology. It describes the functions of the lymphatic system as returning tissue fluid to maintain blood volume and protecting the body against pathogens. The lymphatic system includes lymph and lymphatic vessels, lymphatic tissues like lymph nodes and the spleen, and organs like the thymus gland. Both innate and adaptive immunity provide protection, with innate immunity providing nonspecific defenses and adaptive immunity providing specific defenses like antibody production that can improve with exposure.
Ch13 - Vascular System - Franklin Universitykevperrino
This document summarizes key aspects of the vascular system, including the structure and function of arteries, veins, and capillaries. It describes the pathways of circulation (pulmonary, systemic, and hepatic portal), as well as factors that regulate and maintain blood pressure. Key terms are defined, such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and intrinsic vs. nervous mechanisms of blood pressure regulation. Fetal circulation is also summarized.
The document summarizes key aspects of heart anatomy and physiology from the textbook "Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology". It describes the heart's location in the mediastinum surrounded by the lungs and ribs. It also explains the heart's role in pumping blood throughout the body via the cardiovascular system and regulating blood pressure. The summary highlights the heart's four chambers, cardiac cycle, and nervous system regulation of heart rate.
This document summarizes key aspects of blood, including its components and functions. It describes the three main types of blood cells - red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and carry oxygen, white blood cells help fight infection, and platelets assist in clotting. The document also outlines the clotting process and blood types.
The document summarizes key aspects of the endocrine system from Chapter 10 of Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology. It describes the major endocrine glands, including the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, pancreas, adrenal glands, ovaries, and testes. It also explains the basic function and regulation of hormones through negative feedback mechanisms. The passage provides details on specific hormones such as insulin, glucagon, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone, and how they affect processes like glucose regulation, bone growth, and sexual development.
The document provides an overview of the skeletal system, describing the bones that make up the skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, upper and lower limbs, and their key features. It discusses the 206 bones in the adult skeleton, their classification into the axial and appendicular skeleton, and surface markings. Specific bones of the skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, pectoral and pelvic girdles, and upper and lower limbs are then described in detail.
Ch. 21 Infections of the Respiratory System Quiz Showkevperrino
This document contains a series of questions and answers about infections of the respiratory system. It is broken into topics covering the upper respiratory tract, lower respiratory tract, bacteria, viruses, and fungi that can cause respiratory infections. For each topic there are 20 multiple choice questions with dollar amounts from $100 to $500. The answers are revealed after the user submits their choice.
Ch. 21 Infections of the Respiratory Systemkevperrino
This document discusses infections of the respiratory system. It begins by explaining that the respiratory system is highly susceptible to infection due to its constant exposure to pathogens from breathing. The respiratory system is divided into the upper and lower tract, with the upper tract more prone to minor irritations and the lower tract housing more dangerous infections. A variety of bacteria, viruses, and fungi can cause respiratory infections that are easily transmitted between people. Common sites of respiratory infection include the ears, sinuses, throat, and lungs. While defenses like mucus and coughing help clear pathogens, under the right conditions microbes can overcome these defenses and cause illness. The document goes on to provide details on specific respiratory infections like strep throat, scarlet fever,
Ch. 24 quiz-show Infections of Nervous Systemkevperrino
This document appears to be a transcript of questions and answers from a quiz about infections of the nervous system. It includes questions about topics like the nervous system, bacterial diseases, fungal/protozoan diseases, prion diseases, and viral diseases. The questions test knowledge of specific infectious agents, symptoms, transmission methods, and other key details about various neurological infections.
Brand Guideline of Bashundhara A4 Paper - 2024khabri85
It outlines the basic identity elements such as symbol, logotype, colors, and typefaces. It provides examples of applying the identity to materials like letterhead, business cards, reports, folders, and websites.
How to Manage Reception Report in Odoo 17Celine George
A business may deal with both sales and purchases occasionally. They buy things from vendors and then sell them to their customers. Such dealings can be confusing at times. Because multiple clients may inquire about the same product at the same time, after purchasing those products, customers must be assigned to them. Odoo has a tool called Reception Report that can be used to complete this assignment. By enabling this, a reception report comes automatically after confirming a receipt, from which we can assign products to orders.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Creative Restart 2024: Mike Martin - Finding a way around “no”Taste
Ideas that are good for business and good for the world that we live in, are what I’m passionate about.
Some ideas take a year to make, some take 8 years. I want to share two projects that best illustrate this and why it is never good to stop at “no”.