This presentation provides an overview of brucellosis, a bacterial disease caused by brucella organisms. It affects livestock such as cattle, goats, and sheep, and can be transmitted to humans. Symptoms in humans include fever, fatigue, joint pain, and abortion in pregnant women. While symptoms in animals include fever and abortion late in pregnancy. The disease is transmitted through contact with infected tissues/fluids from animals. Diagnosis involves culture and serological tests, while treatment consists of a combination of doxycycline and rifampin antibiotics for 6-8 weeks. Control relies on vaccination of animals and testing/culling of infected livestock.
presentation about one of the common disease which called brucellosis ,i tried to tell all important points about this infection , so it will be useful for students and teachers to make information about this common infection
presentation about one of the common disease which called brucellosis ,i tried to tell all important points about this infection , so it will be useful for students and teachers to make information about this common infection
Background of AU-IBAR and brucellosis: Past, present and future in Middle and...ILRI
Presented by Abdelkhalik M. Montasser at a workshop on an integrated approach to controlling brucellosis in Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 29-31 January 2013.
It is highly contagious disease primarily of cattle, camels, sheep, goats and swine and secondarily in other animals and man
Characterized clinically by inflammation of the genital organs and fetal membrane, abortion with retained placenta and a subsequent high rate of infertility.
Introduction
Morphology
Culture characteristics
Biochemical reactions
Epidemiology and pathogenesis
Lab diagnosis of human brucellosis
Lab diagnosis of brucellosis in animals
Treatment
Prophylaxis
Summary
References
Background of AU-IBAR and brucellosis: Past, present and future in Middle and...ILRI
Presented by Abdelkhalik M. Montasser at a workshop on an integrated approach to controlling brucellosis in Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 29-31 January 2013.
It is highly contagious disease primarily of cattle, camels, sheep, goats and swine and secondarily in other animals and man
Characterized clinically by inflammation of the genital organs and fetal membrane, abortion with retained placenta and a subsequent high rate of infertility.
Introduction
Morphology
Culture characteristics
Biochemical reactions
Epidemiology and pathogenesis
Lab diagnosis of human brucellosis
Lab diagnosis of brucellosis in animals
Treatment
Prophylaxis
Summary
References
Toxoplasmosis is considered one of the neglected parasitic infections of the United States, a group of five parasitic diseases that have been targeted by CDC for public health action.Q fever is a disease caused by the bacteria Coxiella burnetii. This bacteria naturally infects some animals, such as goats, sheep, and cattle. C. burnetii bacteria are found in the birth products (i.e. placenta, amniotic fluid), urine, feces, and milk of infected animals.
This presentation is very helpful to the student.Data is based on research and all the content is from renowned book and websites. I included introduction, burden , epidemiological determinants,mode of transmission,prevention and control and required medication .
Malta Fever , Brucellosis , is one of the most prevalent zoonotic infection globally. It’s a
bacterial infection caused by Brucella , a Gram-Negative bacteria1
. Brucella melitensis
(transmitted from sheep and goats), B. abortus (transmitted from cattle and bovina), and B.
suis (transmitted to humans from pigs) are the most common species causing human
brucellosis
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
1. A PRESENTATION ON BRUCELLOSIS
SHER-E-BANGLA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND VETERINARY MEDICINE
DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH
COURSE TITLE :ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH
COURSE CODE:MEPH 531
REG.NO. :15-6611
15-6619
LEVEL:5, SEMESTER: l
1
4. INTRODUCTION
Brucellosis is a bacterial disease which is caused by the
brucella organisms.
The Synonyms are undulant fever, contagious or infectious
abortion, Malta fever, Maltese fever, Mediterranean fever,
Crimean fever, Bang's disease, Rock fever.
Brucellosis was first identified in cattle in 1967 in
Bangladesh. Seroprevalence of brucellosis is 4.5% to 8.11%
in cattle.
4
5. ETIOLOGY
Four zoonotic species
which infect both
humans and
animals.That are..
• B. melitensis (most
virulent and invasive
species in human)
• B. abortus
• B. canis and
• B. suis
5
6. Brucellosis causes more than 500,000 infections per
year worldwide. The prevalence of the disease varies
widely from country to country.
In Bangladesh overall serological prevalence derived
from the samples was 2.87% in buffaloes, 2.66% in
cattle, 3.15% in goats, and 2.31% in sheep. The
prevalence was relatively higher in females than males
in cattle, goats and sheep.
EPIDEMIOLOGY
6
7. EPIDEMIOLOGY
• Cattle(B. Abortus) ,goat & sheep(B. Melitensis ),
pigs(B. suis ) and dog(B. canis ) are susceptible and
reservoir of the organisms.
• B. Melitensis is considered the most virulent species
for humans
• Veterinarians in practice face the problems of
brucellosis as an occupational hazard.
7
8. TRANSMISSION OF BRUCELLOSIS
Transmitted by contact with infected tissues, blood, urine,
vaginal discharges, aborted animal foetuses and
placenta,ingestion of raw milk and milk products from
infected animals.
The infected animals shed millions of organisms through
mammary and reproductive secretions.These organisms
act as major source of infection to animals and humans.
8
9. TRANSMISSION OF
BRUCELLOSIS
Person-to-person
spread is rare.
Infected mothers may
transmit the infection
to their infants
through breast
feeding.
Uncommon
transmission may also
occur via tissue
transplantation or
blood transfusions. 9
10. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BRUCELLA AND
ONE HEALTH
One Health is the collaborative efforts of
multiple disciplines working locally,
nationally, and globally, to attain optimal
health for people, animals, and our
environment.
As brucella is a zoonotic microbes, it can
be transmitted between animal and human.
To ensure the protection against brucellosis
we should take care, vaccinate both of
them.
10
11. HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT-ANIMAL HEALTH
PERRSPECTIVE IMPORTANCE
Infected animals can shed the bacteria into the environment
for long periods of time, infecting other animals in the herd.
It can be transmitted by contaminated objects (fomites)
such as, equipment, clothing, shoes, hay, feed or water.
11
12. SYMPTOMS IN HUMAN
• Brucella causes infection in most of the system of
human body
• Aborted fetus in pregnant women
• Back pain
• Abdominal pain
12
14. SYMPTOMS IN HUMAN
• Body aches and pain
• Poor appetite and weight loss
• Headache
• Night sweats
• Weakness
• Fever(usually occur in the afternoon)
14
16. • Fever
• Fatigue
• Sweating
• Pain in the muscles, joint and back
• Loss of appetite
• Fevers may become recurrent
• Still birth
• Abortion
SYMPTOMS IN ANIMALS
late stage abortion (last third of
pregnancy)
16
17. SYMTOMS IN ANIMAL
• Organ damage may
occur(organ swelling )
• Skin changes such as
rashes or micro abscesses
may form
• Swollen joint
• Orchitis
Hygromas(swollen
joints)
Orchitis 17
18. DIAGNOSIS
Direct culture on tryptose agar
PCR in blood sample
16S rRNA -based fluorescence in situ hybridization assay.
Serological test: rose Bengal plate test, Wright’s slow
agglutination test, fixation of complement, indirect ELISA
and competitive ELISA test.
18
20. TREATMENT OF BRUCELLOSIS
Treatment:
Generally, the antibiotics doxycycline and rifampin are
recommended in combination for a minimum of 6-8 weeks.
Vaccine is available for animals to protect them from
brucellosis.
But there is no vaccine available for humans.
20
21. PREVENTION AND CONTROL
Prevention :
Animal brucellosis is best prevented by careful herd management
and hygiene.
Vaccination is useful for prevention and control of infection
Control measures of brucellosis in Bangladesh:
Testing and culling of reactor bulls.
Build up public awareness about the danger and control of
Brucellosis.
Hygienic skil develpoement among the farmers to prevent the
spread of disease.
Build up linkage betwwen research and farm level 21