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Slavery in the South involved only those of African descent, often becoming a permanent condition. It resulted from the buying and selling of stolen Africans. The demand for cotton increased the need for slavery and the number of slaves grew dramatically between 1792 and 1860. The Underground Railroad was a network that aided runaway slaves by hiding them during the day and helping them travel at night using code words and marked trees. Frederick Douglass was a former slave and leading abolitionist who published an antislavery newspaper, while Harriet Tubman repeatedly risked her freedom to lead others to escape slavery via the Underground Railroad.
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Abolition Movement
The document summarizes key aspects of the abolition movement in the United States, including the harsh living conditions faced by slaves, Nat Turner's rebellion, and prominent abolitionist leaders and their efforts. It describes the daily hardships of slaves, such as living in poor conditions without rights. It also outlines Turner's rebellion in 1831 and the increased restrictions placed on slaves and free blacks afterwards. Furthermore, it profiles influential abolitionists like Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison, Harriet Beecher Stowe, John Quincy Adams, and Harriet Tubman, and their roles in advocating for the end of slavery through newspapers, speeches, books, and aiding the Underground Railroad.
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The document discusses the abolitionist movement in the United States during the 1830s. It describes early opposition to abolitionism from both the North and South, with divisions growing between the regions. Abolitionists proposed both gradual and immediate approaches to ending slavery, as well as colonization plans to send freed slaves to Africa. William Lloyd Garrison emerged as a leader through his abolitionist newspaper The Liberator, calling for the immediate end to slavery without compensation. Nat Turner's slave rebellion in 1831 increased fears of rebellion in the South and led to harsher laws against fugitive slaves. Other prominent abolitionists included Harriet Beecher Stowe, Frederick Douglass, and Sojourner Truth. The Underground Railroad helped transport runaway
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The document summarizes the rise and expansion of slavery in the American South between 1790-1860. It describes how Eli Whitney's cotton gin revitalized slavery by increasing cotton production. Slavery expanded greatly and the South became dominated by wealthy plantation owners relying on slave labor. Abolitionist movements emerged in the early 1800s advocating for the end of slavery and emancipation of slaves, though they faced strong opposition in the South where slavery was an important economic institution.
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This document provides information about the abolitionist movement and key events surrounding the issue of slavery in the United States between 1820-1850. It defines terms like abolition and profiles important figures like William Lloyd Garrison. It summarizes compromises like the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and the Compromise of 1850. It also discusses the growth of abolitionist societies, Nat Turner's rebellion, and the role of the Underground Railroad in aiding runaway slaves. Key events covered include the publication of The Liberator, the Grimke sisters' pamphlet, and the Fugitive Slave Law that required Northerners to return escaped slaves.
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This document discusses slavery and the abolitionist movement in the United States. It provides background on slavery such as the terrible living conditions slaves faced and their lack of rights. It then discusses the abolitionist movement and the Underground Railroad network that helped escaped slaves. Key figures in the abolitionist movement are mentioned such as William Lloyd Garrison, Harriet Tubman, and the Grimke sisters.
Slavery
The document provides information about slavery in the United States prior to the Civil War, including how Africans were brought to America through the slave trade, the conditions slaves faced, and efforts to resist slavery such as through the Underground Railroad which secretly transported escaped slaves to freedom. Obstacles an escaped slave may face in attempting to flee include recapture due to laws supporting slavery, separation from family and friends, lack of provisions or shelter, and risks of traveling at night such as exposure to weather or wild animals.
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This document provides an overview of slavery in the Southern US in the mid-19th century. It discusses how the growth of cotton production led to a large demand for slave labor to pick cotton. By 1860, there were nearly 4 million slaves who primarily worked large cotton plantations across the South, making up a significant portion of the population and economic value in those states. The document also examines the roles slaves played, conditions they lived in, punishments they faced, and some who rebelled against the system of slavery.
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The document discusses the abolitionist movement in the United States during the 1830s. It describes early opposition to abolitionism from both the North and South, with divisions growing between the regions. Abolitionists proposed both gradual and immediate approaches to ending slavery, as well as colonization plans to send freed slaves to Africa. William Lloyd Garrison emerged as a leader through his abolitionist newspaper The Liberator, calling for the immediate end to slavery without compensation. Nat Turner's slave rebellion in 1831 increased fears of rebellion in the South and led to harsher laws against fugitive slaves. Other prominent abolitionists included Harriet Beecher Stowe, Frederick Douglass, and Sojourner Truth. The Underground Railroad helped transport runaway
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The document summarizes the rise and expansion of slavery in the American South between 1790-1860. It describes how Eli Whitney's cotton gin revitalized slavery by increasing cotton production. Slavery expanded greatly and the South became dominated by wealthy plantation owners relying on slave labor. Abolitionist movements emerged in the early 1800s advocating for the end of slavery and emancipation of slaves, though they faced strong opposition in the South where slavery was an important economic institution.
Abolitionist movement
This document provides information about the abolitionist movement and key events surrounding the issue of slavery in the United States between 1820-1850. It defines terms like abolition and profiles important figures like William Lloyd Garrison. It summarizes compromises like the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and the Compromise of 1850. It also discusses the growth of abolitionist societies, Nat Turner's rebellion, and the role of the Underground Railroad in aiding runaway slaves. Key events covered include the publication of The Liberator, the Grimke sisters' pamphlet, and the Fugitive Slave Law that required Northerners to return escaped slaves.
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This document discusses slavery and the abolitionist movement in the United States. It provides background on slavery such as the terrible living conditions slaves faced and their lack of rights. It then discusses the abolitionist movement and the Underground Railroad network that helped escaped slaves. Key figures in the abolitionist movement are mentioned such as William Lloyd Garrison, Harriet Tubman, and the Grimke sisters.
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The document provides information about slavery in the United States prior to the Civil War, including how Africans were brought to America through the slave trade, the conditions slaves faced, and efforts to resist slavery such as through the Underground Railroad which secretly transported escaped slaves to freedom. Obstacles an escaped slave may face in attempting to flee include recapture due to laws supporting slavery, separation from family and friends, lack of provisions or shelter, and risks of traveling at night such as exposure to weather or wild animals.
Slavery
This document provides an overview of slavery in the Southern US in the mid-19th century. It discusses how the growth of cotton production led to a large demand for slave labor to pick cotton. By 1860, there were nearly 4 million slaves who primarily worked large cotton plantations across the South, making up a significant portion of the population and economic value in those states. The document also examines the roles slaves played, conditions they lived in, punishments they faced, and some who rebelled against the system of slavery.
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This document provides an overview of the origins and history of slavery in the United States and the abolition movement. It discusses how slavery began in ancient civilizations and was introduced to the American colonies by indentured servants from England being replaced by the African slave trade. The plantation system and institution of slavery expanded across gender and ages. The abolitionist movement grew in opposition to slavery, led by key figures like William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, and others. Important documents and events related to slavery included the Fugitive Slave Act, Emancipation Proclamation, and the 13th Amendment. The American Civil War further divided the nation between slave-holding Confederate states and free Union states.
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The document provides information about the Underground Railroad and key figures that helped slaves escape to freedom. It discusses how the Underground Railroad was a network of people, mostly black but some white, who helped slaves travel northward at night to the next safe house using natural landmarks to guide their way. Important conductors included Harriet Tubman who made 19 trips rescuing over 300 slaves, and Henry "Box" Brown who famously shipped himself in a box to freedom. Black History Month originated from Negro History Week founded by Carter G. Woodson in 1926 to educate people about black history and contributions.
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The Underground Railroad was a network that helped slaves escape to freedom before the Civil War. It started in the late 18th century as informal paths and safe houses used by runaway slaves. By the 1830s, abolitionist societies formalized the system using conductors, stations, and disguises to guide fugitives northward. Famous "conductors" like Harriet Tubman led hundreds to freedom despite risks of capture. The Railroad ended when the 13th Amendment formally abolished slavery after the Civil War.
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This presentation provides a general history of American slavery (with greater emphasis on its development than on its antebellum incarnation) to give students some understanding of the institution. It is the fourth in a series of presentations designed for college students in a seminar on The Civil War and Reconstruction. Students will spend more time engaging antebellum slavery (the slavery that is more familiar to most Americans) in class.
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The document discusses the Underground Railroad, which was a secret network that helped fugitive slaves escape from the southern United States to Canada between 1800-1865. It operated through various methods of transportation and routes, including water routes, walking trails, and railways, to help slaves evade capture by slave owners and reach the safety of Canada, where slavery had been abolished. Those who assisted the escaping slaves faced risks, as the Fugitive Slave Law required all Americans to return escaped slaves to their owners.
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The document discusses the history of slavery in early America, including that many Founding Fathers owned slaves, the institution was never mentioned in the Constitution, and the importation of slaves was permitted until 1808. It also describes how Eli Whitney's cotton gin in 1793 made slavery highly profitable, fueling a rapid increase in the slave population from 700,000 in 1790 to over 4 million by 1860 as the South became dominated by cotton production. Abolition movements emerged but were opposed by pro-slavery forces, heightening regional tensions over the issue of expanding slavery into new western territories, which escalated over events like the Dred Scott decision and led to the Civil War.
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The document summarizes key aspects of the Underground Railroad, which was a network that helped enslaved African Americans escape from southern states to freedom in the North and Canada between the 18th and 19th centuries. It describes how difficult and dangerous it was for slaves to escape, but that with the help of abolitionists, an estimated 100,000 slaves reached freedom this way before the end of the Civil War and abolition of slavery in 1865. Famous figures like Harriet Tubman played important roles in guiding slaves to freedom through the Underground Railroad.
The Underground Railroad
The underground railroad was a network that helped around 100,000 escaped slaves reach freedom between 1810 and 1850 by providing shelter and routes northward. Escaping enslaved people would first have to get away from their plantations, sometimes with the aid of station masters disguised as slaves. The underground railroad relied on stations like barns and basements to hide runaways. John Fairfield, Levi Coffin, and Harriet Tubman were notable figures who risked capture to assist runaways despite the dangers.
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2) The American Civil War from 1861-1865 ended slavery and control of the southern states by the Confederacy, though discrimination continued through Jim Crow laws and segregation.
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The Underground Railroad was a network that helped slaves escape to freedom between 1793 and 1860. It operated like a railroad, with conductors guiding passengers (slaves) and stations (safe houses) along the route. Famous conductors included Harriet Tubman, who made 13 trips and helped 72 slaves reach freedom. The Underground Railroad was not literally underground but referred to keeping the operation secret from those seeking to return escaped slaves to bondage under harsh fugitive slave laws.
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The document summarizes the history of slavery, including:
- The Atlantic slave trade lasted from 1600-1850, during which at least 20 million people were taken from Africa to the Americas.
- Slavery involved Africans being captured and forced to work for life on plantations in the Americas, where they faced harsh conditions and punishments.
- The American Civil War from 1860-1865 ended slavery in the southern states, though discrimination continued afterwards.
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The document summarizes a student project about Henry's Freedom Box, a story from the Underground Railroad. The project includes items in a box like a pink bear, water, food, and clothes to represent what a slave named Henry took with him as he mailed himself north to escape slavery. The student also included information researched about slavery and the Underground Railroad.
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This presentation provides a general history of American slavery (with greater emphasis on its development than on its antebellum incarnation) to give students some understanding of the institution. It is the fourth in a series of presentations designed for college students in a seminar on The Civil War and Reconstruction. Students will spend more time engaging antebellum slavery (the slavery that is more familiar to most Americans) in class.
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The document discusses the Underground Railroad, which was a secret network that helped fugitive slaves escape from the southern United States to Canada between 1800-1865. It operated through various methods of transportation and routes, including water routes, walking trails, and railways, to help slaves evade capture by slave owners and reach the safety of Canada, where slavery had been abolished. Those who assisted the escaping slaves faced risks, as the Fugitive Slave Law required all Americans to return escaped slaves to their owners.
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The document discusses the history of slavery in early America, including that many Founding Fathers owned slaves, the institution was never mentioned in the Constitution, and the importation of slaves was permitted until 1808. It also describes how Eli Whitney's cotton gin in 1793 made slavery highly profitable, fueling a rapid increase in the slave population from 700,000 in 1790 to over 4 million by 1860 as the South became dominated by cotton production. Abolition movements emerged but were opposed by pro-slavery forces, heightening regional tensions over the issue of expanding slavery into new western territories, which escalated over events like the Dred Scott decision and led to the Civil War.
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The document summarizes key aspects of the Underground Railroad, which was a network that helped enslaved African Americans escape from southern states to freedom in the North and Canada between the 18th and 19th centuries. It describes how difficult and dangerous it was for slaves to escape, but that with the help of abolitionists, an estimated 100,000 slaves reached freedom this way before the end of the Civil War and abolition of slavery in 1865. Famous figures like Harriet Tubman played important roles in guiding slaves to freedom through the Underground Railroad.
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The underground railroad was a network that helped around 100,000 escaped slaves reach freedom between 1810 and 1850 by providing shelter and routes northward. Escaping enslaved people would first have to get away from their plantations, sometimes with the aid of station masters disguised as slaves. The underground railroad relied on stations like barns and basements to hide runaways. John Fairfield, Levi Coffin, and Harriet Tubman were notable figures who risked capture to assist runaways despite the dangers.
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2) The American Civil War from 1861-1865 ended slavery and control of the southern states by the Confederacy, though discrimination continued through Jim Crow laws and segregation.
3) The Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s sought to abolish racial discrimination against African Americans and other groups, gaining support from President John F. Kennedy and resulting in the regaining of rights by African Americans.
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The Underground Railroad was a network that helped slaves escape to freedom between 1793 and 1860. It operated like a railroad, with conductors guiding passengers (slaves) and stations (safe houses) along the route. Famous conductors included Harriet Tubman, who made 13 trips and helped 72 slaves reach freedom. The Underground Railroad was not literally underground but referred to keeping the operation secret from those seeking to return escaped slaves to bondage under harsh fugitive slave laws.
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The document summarizes the history of slavery, including:
- The Atlantic slave trade lasted from 1600-1850, during which at least 20 million people were taken from Africa to the Americas.
- Slavery involved Africans being captured and forced to work for life on plantations in the Americas, where they faced harsh conditions and punishments.
- The American Civil War from 1860-1865 ended slavery in the southern states, though discrimination continued afterwards.
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The rise of slavery began with early civilizations using slaves for labor on farms, mines, and other work. Slavery increased with the rise of European colonialism between 1500-1700 as Europeans enslaved Africans and used them in the Transatlantic slave trade. This "Triangular Trade" involved Europeans exchanging goods for African slaves, who were then brought to the Americas and traded for goods like molasses to bring back to Europe. The growth of the cotton industry in the Americas increased the demand for slave labor to pick cotton. Slavery began declining in the 1800s as countries abolished the practice, though it still exists today in the form of human trafficking.
17 king cotton slavery (11)
The cotton gin led to a massive expansion of slavery in the American South. Eli Whitney's invention in 1793 automated the labor-intensive process of separating cotton fibers from seeds, vastly increasing production. Cotton production grew from 13,000 bales in 1792 to over 1 million bales by 1840. The demand for slave labor to cultivate and pick cotton grew tremendously, reversing the expectation that slavery would die out, and the South became increasingly dependent on the institution of slavery to maintain its economy. By 1860 over 4 million slaves, making up over 1/3 of the population in the Southern states, were kept as human property to support the cotton industry.
Emily Peeples EDU 290 pwrpt 1
The Underground Railroad was a network that helped slaves escape to freedom between 1800-1865. It started as informal paths and safe houses used by runaway slaves and grew to a system organized by the National Antislavery Society. Escaped slaves were guided along routes to stations operated by conductors and station masters, where they would find food, rest, and disguises before continuing north towards freedom. Famous conductors included Harriet Tubman and Thomas Garrett, who risked arrest to lead hundreds to freedom despite rewards for their capture.
American slavery
The document summarizes what life was like for slaves in America and their efforts to escape to freedom via the Underground Railroad. It describes how slaves had no rights and could be punished or sold by their owners. It also explains that the Underground Railroad was a secret network that helped slaves travel north to freedom, often hiding in stations along the way operated by abolitionists. The greatest danger was being caught, but many risked their lives to help slaves escape northern states where slavery was illegal.
Introduction to american slavery
The document summarizes what life was like for slaves in America and their efforts to escape to freedom via the Underground Railroad. It describes how slaves had no rights and could be punished or sold by their owners. It also explains that the Underground Railroad was a secret network that helped slaves travel north to freedom, often hiding in stations along the way operated by abolitionists. The greatest danger was being caught, but many risked their lives to help slaves escape northern states where slavery was illegal.
African-american slavery
The document describes the history of African slavery in North America from the 15th century until emancipation in the 1860s. Millions of Africans were captured and sold into the transatlantic slave trade, enduring horrific conditions aboard crowded slave ships during the months-long Middle Passage. Enslaved upon arrival, they faced lives of forced labor, family separation, and legal restrictions. The abolition movement gained strength in the 1800s, culminating in Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and the 13th Amendment abolishing slavery in 1865. The legacy and music of slavery, including the blues, persisted long after emancipation.
Slavery: Brief Introduction
A brief overview of the history of slavery in the US as an introdution to a literature of slavery course
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The document provides an overview of the history of slavery and its role in the American Civil War. It discusses how slavery began as a global system connecting continents via the slave trade. While slavery was replaced by serfdom in Europe by the 4th century AD, it was revived and expanded significantly due to the Atlantic slave trade between Europe, Africa and the Americas. Tensions over the expansion of slavery into new territories and states led to the secession of Southern states and the outbreak of the Civil War. Ultimately, the war and Emancipation Proclamation ended legal slavery in the United States.
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Slavery in America 2
This document provides an outline for a research project on slavery in America. It begins with an introduction that establishes the aims of examining how slavery affected US history and hypotheses about its impact. Chapter 1 discusses the origins and foundations of slavery in America, including how it began in the US, the triangular slave trade, and the horrific conditions slaves faced. It also covers slave codes, resistance methods like revolts and the Underground Railroad. Chapter 2 will examine the Civil War and emancipation, while Chapter 3 focuses on the Civil Rights movement. The conclusion will synthesize the information presented.
Closing thewesternfrontier
The document discusses the impact of railroads on the development of the American West in the late 19th century, including the cattle industry, transcontinental railroads, immigration, and elimination of buffalo herds. It also summarizes key aspects of Western expansion like the decline of the cowboy way of life, legendary figures like Buffalo Bill and Calamity Jane, the mining industry, conflicts over land use, and the myths and realities of pioneer life on the plains.
Slavery
Slavery was a global system that connected five continents through the trade of African slaves to produce goods in the Americas. While many forms of servitude existed, the harshest was chattel slavery where slaves were the permanent, hereditary property of their owners. Slavery began in ancient societies but was largely replaced by serfdom in Europe by the 5th century AD. However, European powers later revived the slave trade, transporting over 10 million Africans to the Americas between the 15th-19th centuries, with around 430,000 going to what would become the US. Tensions over the expansion of slavery contributed to the American Civil War, which ultimately led to emancipation.
Slavery
The document summarizes the history of slavery, including the Atlantic slave trade between Africa and the Americas from 1600-1850 which saw at least 20 million people taken from Africa. It describes the roles and treatment of slaves on plantations, including separation of families and harsh punishments. It also discusses the American Civil War, abolition of slavery, and the ongoing issue of modern human trafficking.
Time of slavery (social studies)
This document provides an overview of slavery in the United States leading up to the Civil War. It discusses how slavery divided the country economically and ideologically between the North and South. It also describes slave revolts, the growth of the free black population in the North, abolitionist newspapers, and key events and compromises that further strained relations between free and slave states on the issue of slavery. Rising sectional tensions over the expansion of slavery into new territories and states ultimately led the nation to the brink of war.
Cowboys and outlaws
After the United States acquired western territories through Manifest Destiny, many viewed the lands and people as wild and untamed. Cowboys helped tame the West by herding cattle from ranches to railroads for transport. Famous trails like the Chisholm Trail were used to drive cattle hundreds of miles to markets. Figures like Buffalo Bill and Annie Oakley entertained audiences with Wild West shows that sparked further western expansion. Outlaws like Jesse James, Billy the Kid, and Bonnie and Clyde became infamous through their criminal exploits across the new frontier.
History American West
The American West from 1840-1895 saw the movement of white settlers westward and the decline of Native American tribes. The Plains had an extreme climate that made farming difficult with little rain and resources. Plains Indians like the Sioux lived nomadic lifestyles centered around buffalo hunting. Early pioneers faced many hardships on wagon trains west while Mormons fled religious persecution and established Salt Lake City. The Gold Rush of 1849 drew many prospectors but little gold was found. Ranching and cattle drives dominated the late 1800s until the development of barbed wire and railroads. Conflicts arose as groups competed for land, culminating in the Wounded Knee massacre of 1890 that largely ended Native American resistance.
Presentation9
The document summarizes aspects of life in the Old South from 1790 to 1850, including:
1) The economies of the Chesapeake region and Lowcountry relied heavily on tobacco and rice production using slave labor.
2) The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 and the rise of short-staple cotton expanded slavery throughout the Deep South as cotton became highly profitable.
3) While some Southern whites owned small farms or no slaves, the plantation system dominated the economy, and the number of slaves owned was a major status symbol for wealthy planters.
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The document distinguishes between primary and secondary sources. Primary sources are first-hand accounts or original records, such as interviews with former slaves or Holocaust survivors. Secondary sources are one step removed, like books written by historians based on primary research or government reports analyzing past events. Determining the credibility of differing accounts of an event may depend on the relationship of the source to the event and potential biases.
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Mrs. Hughes has rules for her classroom regarding paying attention, missing class, following the daily agenda, completing homework, and phone usage. Students are expected to focus in class, make up any missed work if absent, know what is planned each day, finish assignments outside of school, and keep phones away during lessons.
Primary sources
The document distinguishes between primary and secondary sources. Primary sources are first-hand accounts or original records, such as interviews with former slaves or Holocaust survivors. Secondary sources are one step removed, like a history book or Hollywood movie based on primary research. Determining the credibility of differing accounts of an event may depend on the relationship of the source to the event and potential biases.
Plymouth
The document summarizes the journey and founding of Plymouth colony by the Pilgrims in 1620. It describes how the Pilgrims faced religious persecution in England and sought religious freedom, so they traveled on the Mayflower to settle in Virginia but ended up landing much further north in Massachusetts due to storms. They survived a difficult first winter with help from the Native Americans Squanto and Samoset and held a harvest celebration that became Thanksgiving.
Ch 19 sec 2
The US became involved in Vietnam to prevent South Vietnam from falling to communism, fearing this could lead other Southeast Asian countries to also fall (domino theory). While initially sending advisors, the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution allowed greater US action after alleged attacks on US destroyers. However, the US struggled against an elusive Viet Cong enemy hidden in jungles, without clear targets. Growing anti-war sentiment at home was exacerbated by the surprising Tet Offensive, though the US began gradually transferring responsibility to South Vietnam through Vietnamization while still providing support.
Ch 19 sec1
Following WWII, Europe and Asia underwent significant changes - Germany and Berlin were divided between the Western allies and Soviet Union, while the US took sole responsibility for rebuilding Japan and establishing a new democratic constitution under General Douglas MacArthur. Meanwhile, the Cold War emerged between the capitalist West led by the US and the communist Eastern Bloc led by the Soviet Union, which exerted control over countries behind the Iron Curtain and cut off access to West Berlin until the US launched a massive airlift of supplies; this instability continued with the outbreak of the Korean War as North Korea invaded South Korea across the 38th Parallel boundary.
Ch 24 sec 4
The Philippines were an important US base until the Japanese forced the surrender of US forces in April 1942. This led to the infamous Bataan Death March where thousands of Filipino and US prisoners of war died. In the Pacific Theater, the Doolittle Raid on Tokyo and the Battles of the Coral Sea and Midway turned the tide in favor of the US by stopping Japanese naval advances. The US also fought major battles to take Iwo Jima and Okinawa to reach the Japanese mainland. Meanwhile, the Manhattan Project developed the atomic bomb which the US dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945 after Japan refused to surrender, leading to their surrender and the end of the war.
Ch 24 sec 3
The US entered World War 2 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. Over 16 million Americans joined the military and women joined the workforce, taking on jobs previously held by men. Japanese Americans on the west coast were forced into internment camps during the war. In the European theater, the US prioritized defeating Hitler. Key operations included invading North Africa and Sicily, establishing a beachhead in Normandy on D-Day, and defeating the final German offensive at the Battle of the Bulge. Germany surrendered on V-E Day in May 1945.
Ch 24 sec 2
Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles and annexed Austria and the Sudetenland without resistance. At the Munich Agreement, Britain appeased Hitler by allowing the annexation of Czechoslovakia, but Hitler soon invaded Poland, starting World War 2. Germany had early success using its new Blitzkrieg tactics to quickly defeat Poland, Denmark, Norway, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and France. Though the British rescued troops from Dunkirk, Britain stood alone against Germany until Hitler invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, opening a second front.
Ch 24 sec 1
Benito Mussolini seized power in Italy in the 1920s and established a fascist government, creating the "black shirts" militia to enforce his rule. He invaded Ethiopia in Africa and Japan attacked Manchuria in China, and both faced ineffective responses from the League of Nations. In Germany, Adolf Hitler rose to power as the Nazi party leader and chancellor, preaching against the unfair Treaty of Versailles and beginning to remilitarize the country by sending troops to the Rhineland. The authoritarian leaders of Italy, Germany and Japan would later form the Axis alliance.
Ch 23 sec 3
The 1936 US presidential election saw Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt defeat Republican Alf Landon. Roosevelt proposed a controversial "Court Packing Plan" to add more justices to the Supreme Court if they did not retire after age 70, but Congress defeated the bill. The New Deal programs increased US debt and emphasized government aid, shifting the US to a modern welfare state. Roosevelt also took the US off the gold standard, giving the government more control over the money supply.
Ch 23 sec 2
Franklin D. Roosevelt defeated Herbert Hoover in the 1932 presidential election amidst the Great Depression. As president, FDR established numerous programs through his New Deal initiative to provide relief, reform the economy, and regulate finance in response to the economic crisis. These programs included the establishment of the Civilian Conservation Corps to create jobs for young unemployed men, the Tennessee Valley Authority to build infrastructure projects like dams and provide electricity, and the Social Security Act to offer assistance to the elderly.
Ch 23 sec 1
Stocks crashed on October 24, 1929 in heavy selling known as Black Thursday, with prices plunging and over $4 billion in paper losses. Billions more were lost two days later on Black Tuesday, wiping out many investors. The massive sell-off marked the beginning of the Great Depression, with plummeting demand causing industrial output and employment to drop sharply. Unemployment rose to one in four as banks failed and shantytowns emerged.
Ch 18 sec 2
Germany attacked France and cornered Allied forces at Dunkirk, but bad weather allowed the British navy to rescue troops across the English Channel. Germany then bombed Britain for over 3 months but failed to break the Royal Air Force. Hitler invaded the Soviet Union to seize its resources but faced scorched earth tactics, and later turned his attention to the Pacific by attacking islands like the Philippines. Several key events turned the tide of war, including Germany fighting on two fronts after invading the USSR, the US entering the war after Japan's attack, Italy surrendering following the Allied invasion of Sicily, and the Allied D-Day invasion of France leading ultimately to Germany's defeat on V-E Day in 1945, after which the US dropped atomic
Ch 18 sec 1
The key causes of WWII were the rise of dictators like Hitler in Germany, Mussolini in Italy, and Hirohito in Japan. Germany's economy was ruined after harsh treatment following WWI, including huge reparation payments. Countries were increasingly aggressive in expanding their borders, which the weak League of Nations struggled to address. Germany openly disregarded the Treaty of Versailles and remilitarized the Rhineland, while Britain pursued appeasement. Germany's invasion of Poland in 1939 and Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 drew the major Allied powers into the war.
Ch 17 sec 5
The Great Depression was caused by the financial devastation of World War I, with the US loaning money to allies who did not repay, the failure of the Federal Reserve to control interest rates, and the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act raising prices of foreign goods and reducing US exports. This led to about 1/3 of the workforce becoming unemployed even as Hoover and later FDR created numerous government programs to stimulate the economy and help the unemployed in the face of the crisis.
Ch 17 sec 3
After World War 1, several dictators rose to power in Russia, Germany, and Italy. In Russia, Vladimir Lenin led the Bolsheviks and became dictator after the execution of Czar Nicholas II. In Germany, Adolf Hitler led the Nazi party and declared himself dictator after gaining power. In Italy, Benito Mussolini led the Fascist party and was appointed leader after marching on Rome. These dictators consolidated their control and rebuilt their militaries, undermining the peace efforts of the League of Nations and other post-WW1 agreements.
Ch 17 sec 2
WWI began in 1914 when Germany invaded Belgium to launch an attack on France as part of the Schlieffen Plan. This brought Britain into the war against Germany and Austria-Hungary. The war quickly resulted in trench warfare and a stalemate as both sides suffered massive casualties without significant gains. New weapons like tanks, planes, submarines, and poison gas were introduced but failed to break the stalemate. The US joined the Allies in 1917, and Germany surrendered in 1918 after the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk separated Russia from the war and its resources were exhausted. The Treaty of Versailles ended WWI and imposed punitive terms on Germany. In total, over 20 million people died in the war making it
Ch 17 sec 1
World War I was caused by militarism, imperialism, and a system of rival alliances between European powers. Countries had built up large militaries and still sought to expand their territories abroad. A network of agreements bound countries to allies, including the Triple Entente of Britain, France and Russia and the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary. The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand sparked the war after tensions had risen between these alliance blocs for years.
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Ch 14 sec 2
- 1. Slavery in the South
- 2. Why was slavery different? 1. Involved only those of African descent 2. Became a permanent condition for most slaves 3. Was the result of buying stolen Africans and selling them
- 3. • The demand for cotton increased the need for slavery
- 5. Underground Railroad • A network of people who aided runaway slaves. • The “Conductors” hid the slaves by day • The slaves traveled by night
- 9. Follow the Drinking Gourd
- 10. • Drinkin’gou’d – code for Big Dipper (North) • Ole man – Peg Leg Joe • The dead trees show the way – they were marked • Little riva – Tennessee River • Grea’ big un – Where Tennessee River meets the Ohio River
- 12. Flying Geese
- 13. Monkey Wrench
- 14. Drunkard’s Path
- 15. Sailboat
- 16. Bear’s Paw
- 17. Bow Tie
- 18. Tumbling Blocks or Boxes
- 19. Britches
- 20. Rose Wreath
- 21. Frederick Douglass • A leading black abolitionist • Abolitionist – a person who wanted to ban all slavery • Former slave • Published an antislavery newspaper called North Star
- 23. Harriet Tubman • Escaped slave • Went back nearly 20 times to help others escape • Called the “Moses” of her people
- 24. Harriet Tubman
Editor's Notes
- Whites feared revolts by the slaves…they slept with guns…they passed even stricter slave codes…it was illegal to teach slaves to read and write because they feared that ideas of revolt would spread if blacks had those skills
- 1790 – 750,00 slaves…1860 – 3.5 million slaves…one of every three southerners was a slave
- After the Fugitive slave law, their goal was Canada…some actually went south to georgia and florida