The document summarizes the rise and expansion of slavery in the American South between 1790-1860. It describes how Eli Whitney's cotton gin revitalized slavery by increasing cotton production. Slavery expanded greatly and the South became dominated by wealthy plantation owners relying on slave labor. Abolitionist movements emerged in the early 1800s advocating for the end of slavery and emancipation of slaves, though they faced strong opposition in the South where slavery was an important economic institution.