The nervous system controls and coordinates all functions of the human body. It is composed of the central nervous system, made up of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, consisting of nerves that connect to the rest of the body. The nervous system uses neurons to transmit signals as electrical and chemical impulses to regulate bodily functions like movement, senses, breathing, thinking, and more. Damage or diseases of the nervous system can impair these functions.

1. BY- NIHARIKA VERMA

2.  Nervous system is the master controlling and
communicating system of the body.
 It controls all the essential functions of the human
body.
 The nervous system is a system in the body which
sends signal around the body.
 It lets people and animals respond to what is around
them.
 The central nervous system is the brain, the spinal
cord, nerves.
 It is present in most animals. The brain has billions of
nerve cells to help think, walk and breathe.
 The nervous system is made up of vast numbers of
unit called Neurons.

3. NERVOUS SYSTEM
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
(Processes, interprets, stores information, (Transmits information to and
tissues order to muscles, glands, organs) from the CNS)
BRAIN SPINAL CORD SOMATIC AUTONOMIC
(spinal cord bridge between NERVOUS SYSTEM NERVOUS SYSTEM
brain and peripheral nerves) (controls skeletal (regulates
system) glands, blood
. vessels, internal organs)
SYMPATHETIC PARASYMPATHETIC
NERVOUS SYSTEM NERVOUS SYSTEM

4. CENTRAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM
PERIPHERAL
NERVOUS SYSTEM
AUTONOMIC NEVOUS
SYSTEM
• Consisting of the
brain and spinal cord
• Includes nerves
innovative the
muscles and nerve
ending sensory
information from the
skin, muscle to joint,
to the brain.
• Which control the
involuntary processes
of the body.
• Sensory and mother
nerves
• Sympathetic and
parasympathetic

5. SYMPATHETIC PARASYMPATHETIC
 It is formed as a chain
of ganglia, each side of
spinal cord and is
connected to it.
 It works like an
accelerator, prepares
the body of emergency.
 Increases the secretion
of adrenalin.
 It works on pupil of eye
and decreases
digestion.
 It is controlled by 10th
cranial nerve vagus and
form sacral plexus.
 It functions – calms
down the body after
emergency.
 Increases the digestion,
decreases the added
increment in the
functioning heart and
lung due to adrenalin.
 It works like a break.

6. 1. Sensory Nerves- It carry message to brain
and spinal cord.
2. Motor Nerves- It carry message from brain
and spinal cord to the body.
3. Mixed/Connecting Nerves- It carry both
sensory and motor nerves.

7.  Communication system of the body.
 Controls body functions and actions.
 Maintain physiological homeostasis.
 It acts as an insulator.
 It protects the axon from pressure or injury.
 It speeds up the flow of nerve impulses
through axon.

8. It is the functioning unit of the Nerves System
specialized to receive, integrate, transmit
information. Also called basic structural unit of
Nerves System. It consists of :
Nucleus
Dendrites/ Nerve fibers
Axon
Axon Terminals
Cell Body/ Soma
Myelin Shealth
Node of Ranvier
Schwann’s Cell

10.  Cell body- It contains nucleus (also called the Soma).
 Dendrites- The branching structure of a neuron that
receive messages (attached to the cell body).
 Axon- The long extension of a neuron that carries
nerve impulses away from the body of the cell.
 Axon Terminals- The hair-like ends of the axon.
 Myelin Shealth- The fatty substances that surrounds
and protects some Nerve Fibers.
 Node of Ranvier- One of the many gaps in the myelin
shealth- this is where the action potential occur
during salutatory conduction along the axon.
 Nucleus- The organelle in the cell body of the Neuron
that contains the genetic material of the cell.
 Schwann’s Cell- Cells that produce myelin. They are
located within the myelin shealth.

11. AFFERENT NEURON EFFERENT NEURON
 They conduct
impulses towards the
central nervous
system.
 They pick up
information from
various receptors.
 Afferent neuron are
sensory.
 They conduct
impulses away from
central nervous
system.
 They take information
to various effectors.
 Efferent neuron are
motor in nature.

12. CEREBRUM CEREBELLUM
 It is the largest part of
brain.
 It controls both
voluntary and
involuntary activities.
 It is a part of fore brain.
 It is the seat of 98%
brain activity including
memory, will,
intelligence, and
emotions.
 It is the second
largest part of brain.
 It controls is
involuntary activities.
 It is a part of hind
brain.
 It maintains
equilibrium and erect
posture of human
body.

13. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
 It has no controlling
power.
 A skeletal covering is
absent.
 The system consists of
nerves and cranglia.
 It has a several
control centers for
various body
functions.
 A skeletal covering is
present.
 The system consists of
complex nervous
organs, brain and
spinal cord.

14. BRAIN
(a) Mass of nerve tissue.
(b) Protected by membranes and the cranium or skull.
CEREBRUM Largest section/part of the brain. Responsible for-
Reasoning, thought, memory, speaking, sensation, sight,
hearing, voluntary body movements.
CEREBELLUM Responsible for- Coordination of muscles, balance,
posture, and muscle tone.
MID BRAIN Conducting impulses between brain parts certain eye
reflexes.
PONS VAROLI Responsible for- Conducting messages to other parts
of the brain, reflex actions such as chewing production of
saliva.
MEDULLA OBLONGATA Lowest part of brain stem connects to the
spinal cord. Responsible for- regulating, heart beat,
respiration, swallowing, coughing, blood pressure.

15.  The brain has two halves or hemisphere right and
left.
 The right hemisphere controls the left side of
the body, and the left hemisphere controls the
right side.
 In most people, the left hemisphere regulates
language and speech, and the right hemisphere
controls non verbal, spatial skills. If the right
side of the brain is damaged, movement of the
left arm and leg, vision or hearing in the left ear
may be affected.
 Injury to the left side of the brain affects speech
and movement of on the right side of the body.

16.  Each half of the brain is divided into main
functional sections, called LOBES. There are
four lobes in each half of the brain: THE
FRONTAL LOBE, TEMPORAL LOBE, PARIETAL
LOBE, AND OCCIPITAL LOBE.
 Other important sections of the brain are the
cerebellum and the brain stem. Although not
usually divided into lobes, the cerebellum
and brain stem both have different parts.
 Each of the brain hemispheres and lobes,
cerebellum and brain stem has specific
functions, and they all work together.

17.  FRONTAL LOBE- Associated with reasoning,
planning, parts of speech, movements,
emotions, and problem solving.
 TEMPORAL LOBE- Associated with perception,
and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and
speech.
 PARIETAL LOBE- Associated with sensory
perception and integration such as touch,
pressure, and temperature. Important for
understanding spatial orientation, movement
coordination, information processing and more.
 OCCIPITAL LOBE- Responsible for vision.

19.  Control on all voluntary actions.
 Forms memory
 Provide power of thought and intelligence
 Sight, hearing etc

21. There are 12 pairs of Cranial Nerves.
1. Optic- Vision (sensory)
2. Olfactory- Smell (sensory)
3. Oculomotor- Movement of eye (motor)
4. Trochlear- Movement of eyeball (motor)
5. Trigeminal- It has three divisions (mixed)
(i) Opthalmic sensory
(ii) Maxillary (sensory)
(iii) Mandibular (sensory and motor)
6. Abducent – Movement of eye (motor)
7. Cranial Nerve (Facial Nerve) – This nerve is sensory and motor mixed. All
facial expressions (motor) are for the sense of taste (sensory)
8. Vestibulo Cochlear – Sensory (sense of hearing maintain balance).
9. Glossopharyngeal- Mixed (taste, saliva secretion and movement of
pharynx).
10. Vagus- Mixed – movement and secretion
11. Accessory Nerve is sensory and motor mixed and it is for chewing
(MANDIBLE AND MAXILLA)
12. Hypoglossal- motor –movement of tongue

22.  C1 TO C7 – CERVICAL SPINAL NERVE
 T1 TO T12 – THORACIC SPINAL NERVE
 L1 TO L5 – LUMBER SPINAL NERVE
 S1 TO S5 – SACRAL SPINAL NERVE
 COL – COCCYGEAL SPINAL NERVE

24.  Sciatic Nerve – Largest nerve in the body.
Controls buttocks and back of the leg.
 Femoral Nerve – Large nerve to front of the leg.
 Radial Nerve – Largest nerve in the arm.
 Brachial Plexus Nerve – Controls arm and front of
the chest.
 Cervical Plexus Nerve – Neck, back and side of
the neck.
 Phrenic Nerve – to diaphragm
 Lumber Plexus – Front and medial thigh
 Sacral Plexus – Back of the leg and foot

26.  Meningitis- Inflammation of the meninges caused
by virus or bacteria.
 Epilepsy- severe disturbance in impulses from
brain. Cause unknown or hereditary.
 Paralysis- Loss of sensation or movement in any
part of the body.
 Parkinsonism- Causes in middle age causes
difficulty in walking and sudden varied
expressions.
 Bell’s palsy- Dropping of the facial muscles
caused by infected facial nerve
 Sciatica- Pain in back of the distal part of the leg
due to pressure on sciatic nerve.
 Stroke- Cerebral haemorrhage