All organisms are made up of cells, which are the smallest functional and structural units. Eukaryotic cells contain DNA within a nucleus, as well as other organelles like mitochondria, chloroplasts, and lysosomes. The endosymbiotic theory proposes that eukaryotic cells originated from engulfed prokaryotes that developed into specialized organelles. Evidence for this includes cellular membranes and DNA being similar to prokaryotes. Multicellular organisms evolved as cells began to specialize and cooperate to allow organisms to grow larger while maintaining efficient nutrient exchange.

1. CELLS
Let´s remember!

2.  All organisms are made up of cells.
 The smallest functional and structural unit.

3. WHAT DO CELLS HAVE IN COMMON?
 DNA
The genetic material that provides instructions for all
cell processes.
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
DNA is not contained in DNA is contained in an a
nucleus. organelle called nucleus.

4.  Cytoplasm
Includes the fluid and the organelles.
 Organelles
Specialized to perform a specific function.
 Cell Membrane
A protective layer that controls the materials that
enters or exit the cell.

5. EUKARYOTIC CELLS
Animal Plant
Mitochondria: cellular respiration.
Ribosomes: makes proteins.
Endoplasmatic Reticulum: makes proteins or lipids.
Golgi Complex: deliver proteins and lipids.
Lysosomes: contains Cell Wall: provides digestive
enzymes . support.
Large vacuola: storage.
Chloroplasts: photosynthesis.

6. HOW WAS THE EUKARYOTIC CELL
ORIGINATED?
 Endosymbiotic Theory

7.  Videos

8. EVIDENCE?
 Membranes

9. EVIDENCE?
 Membranes
 DNA

10. EVIDENCE?
 Membranes
 DNA
 Reproduction

11. WE ALL SHARE THE SAME ANCESTOR...
 LUCA: Last Universal Common Ancestor.

12. FROM UNICELLULAR TO MULTICELLULAR
 Unicellular:
Eukaryotic Prokaryotic

13.  When a cell grows in size it needs more nutrients
and produces more waste.
 In addition the internal organization of the cell gets
more complicated because all functions are
disperse in a bigger space.
 It is necessary that cellular size is mantein small to
favour reactions and exchange with the outside.

15. MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS
 They can reach a big size because they are made
up off lots of cells!

16. WHAT IS THE STRATEGY?
 Cell Specialization: cells differ in size and function: they
perform different roles.

17.  The cells cooperate with each other to achieve the
functionality of the whole organism.