1) Black butterflies have an advantage in polluted environments where lichens are disappearing from tree branches due to air pollution, while white butterflies are better camouflaged against lichen-covered trees. Over time, natural selection will likely cause the population to consist mainly of black butterflies. 2) The document discusses butterfly coloration advantages, provides a phylogenetic tree to analyze evolutionary relationships, asks to identify statements representing theories of evolution/creationism, and asks to explain two evidences of evolution.

1. 1) A species of butterflies shows two different colors: white and black. White organisms can blend in into
branches of trees which are covered in liquens, so they become less predated by birds. Industrial
development promoted liquens disappearence from trees due to the massive pollution of air.
a. What color has an advantage in each environment (polluted and non-polluted)?
b. What is going to happen whith this population? Explain using natural selection´s theory.
2) According to the following picture:
a- What does the branch length mean?
b- Which group is less related to fishes?
c- Mouse and lizard are right next to each other in the tree. What does this mean?
3) Decide which statement represents the following ideas: Creationism, Catastrophism, Lamarckism,
Darwinism.
a. Some living beings become extict because of events like a volcano´s eruption.
b. A population sometimes displays individuals which show advantages over the others in a given
environment.
c. Aquired traits are passed on to the offspring.
d. There is genetic variation in populations.
e. A change in the environment can be favourable for a part of the population.
f. If a structure is not used it becomes lost over time.
g. Living beings haven´t changed since they were created.
4) Pick two evidences of evolution and explain them.