This document provides information about cells and cell structure. It begins by defining a cell as the basic unit of life and describes some key aspects of cell theory. It then details the structures and functions of major cell organelles in both plant and animal cells. The rest of the document discusses cell processes like transport, division and the cell cycle. It explains that cells divide through mitosis to produce two identical daughter cells and outlines the main phases of mitosis.
Robert Hooke first observed cells in 1665 using a microscope to look at cork. Anton van Leeuwenhoek later observed the first living cells in pond water in 1673. In the 1800s, scientists including Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolph Virchow developed the cell theory, which states that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function, and cells only come from preexisting cells. Cells later evolved to be more specialized and form multicellular organisms through the development of tissues, organs, and organ systems.
1. The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms.
2. Cells come in a variety of shapes and sizes, and they contain organelles that carry out specialized functions to keep the cell alive.
3. Key cellular structures include the plasma membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm. The nucleus contains DNA and controls cellular activities, while the cytoplasm and organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts carry out metabolic functions.
1. The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms.
2. Cells come in a variety of shapes and sizes, and contain organelles that carry out specialized functions. The key components of cells include the plasma membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm.
3. Over time, scientists developed the cell theory which states that all living things are made of cells, cells only come from pre-existing cells, and cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms. The development of advanced microscopes helped reveal more details of cell structure and components.
Cells are the fundamental unit of life. All living things are composed of cells, which carry out functions necessary to sustain life. The cell theory states that cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and that all cells come from preexisting cells. Key aspects of cell structure include a plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, and various organelles that carry out specialized functions. Cells vary greatly in size, shape, and internal structures depending on their function in multicellular organisms.
This presentation covers basics of cell structure and functions of different cell organelles in detail with interactive illustrations. I hope this presentation will be beneficial for instructor's as well as students.
1. The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms.
2. Cells come in a variety of shapes and sizes, and contain organelles that carry out specialized functions. The key components of cells include the plasma membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm.
3. Over time, scientists developed the cell theory which states that all living things are made of cells, cells only come from pre-existing cells, and cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms. The development of advanced microscopes helped reveal the internal structures and components of cells.
The document discusses cells, their structure and function. It explains that cells are the basic unit of life and consist of a nucleus, cytoplasm, organelles, and a plasma membrane. The key components and functions of plant and animal cells are described. Specialized cell types are adapted to their specific functions through differences in shape, structures, and components. Cells combine to form tissues, organs and organ systems that work together to carry out essential life functions.
Robert Hooke first observed cells in 1665 using a microscope to look at cork. Anton van Leeuwenhoek later observed the first living cells in pond water in 1673. In the 1800s, scientists including Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolph Virchow developed the cell theory, which states that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function, and cells only come from preexisting cells. Cells later evolved to be more specialized and form multicellular organisms through the development of tissues, organs, and organ systems.
1. The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms.
2. Cells come in a variety of shapes and sizes, and they contain organelles that carry out specialized functions to keep the cell alive.
3. Key cellular structures include the plasma membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm. The nucleus contains DNA and controls cellular activities, while the cytoplasm and organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts carry out metabolic functions.
1. The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms.
2. Cells come in a variety of shapes and sizes, and contain organelles that carry out specialized functions. The key components of cells include the plasma membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm.
3. Over time, scientists developed the cell theory which states that all living things are made of cells, cells only come from pre-existing cells, and cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms. The development of advanced microscopes helped reveal more details of cell structure and components.
Cells are the fundamental unit of life. All living things are composed of cells, which carry out functions necessary to sustain life. The cell theory states that cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and that all cells come from preexisting cells. Key aspects of cell structure include a plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, and various organelles that carry out specialized functions. Cells vary greatly in size, shape, and internal structures depending on their function in multicellular organisms.
This presentation covers basics of cell structure and functions of different cell organelles in detail with interactive illustrations. I hope this presentation will be beneficial for instructor's as well as students.
1. The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms.
2. Cells come in a variety of shapes and sizes, and contain organelles that carry out specialized functions. The key components of cells include the plasma membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm.
3. Over time, scientists developed the cell theory which states that all living things are made of cells, cells only come from pre-existing cells, and cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms. The development of advanced microscopes helped reveal the internal structures and components of cells.
The document discusses cells, their structure and function. It explains that cells are the basic unit of life and consist of a nucleus, cytoplasm, organelles, and a plasma membrane. The key components and functions of plant and animal cells are described. Specialized cell types are adapted to their specific functions through differences in shape, structures, and components. Cells combine to form tissues, organs and organ systems that work together to carry out essential life functions.
Here are the definitions and functions of the requested cellular components:
a. Chloroplast - Organelle found in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs. It contains chlorophyll.
b. Mitochondrion - Organelle where cellular respiration occurs, extracting energy from food through the process of respiration.
c. Nucleus - Control center of the cell that contains the genetic material DNA and directs cell activities.
d. Protoplasm - Living contents of the cell, consisting of the cytoplasm and organelles outside the nucleus.
e. Endoplasmic reticulum - Network of membranes that synthesize proteins and lipids and transport materials within the cell.
[Here is a labeled diagram of the cell
1. The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms.
2. Cells come in a variety of shapes and sizes, and have a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and organelles that allow them to carry out functions necessary for life.
3. Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells like bacteria lack these structures.
1. The document discusses cells, which are the basic structural and functional units of living organisms.
2. It provides details on the history of cell discovery from Hooke to Virchow and outlines the three main principles of cell theory.
3. The document describes the key components of cells including the plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, and various organelles as well as their structure and functions. It provides examples of unicellular and multicellular organisms.
description about cell biology, different types of cell organelles. single bound cell organellle and doubel membrane bound cell organelles, briefy explain different organelles inside the cell
Cellular Organizations | Class 8 | ScienceVijay Meena
Cellular Organizations
This presentation covers everything you want to know about Cellular Organizations, especially class 8 science book Cellular Organizations chapter.
The document discusses the cell, which is the fundamental unit of life. It describes key discoveries in cell history, such as Hooke discovering dead cells in 1665 and Leeuwenhoek discovering living cells in 1674. The document outlines the main parts of plant and animal cells, including the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. It explains the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and differences in plant and animal cells, such as plant cells containing a cell wall.
1. The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
2. Cell theory states that all living things are made of cells, cells come from pre-existing cells, and cells are the basic units of structure and function.
3. Key parts of the cell include the plasma membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm, which contains various organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, and vacuoles.
1. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living things. Microscopes allowed scientists like Hooke and Leeuwenhoek to first observe cells in the 1600s.
2. The Cell Theory established that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic functional units of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells.
3. Cells can be either prokaryotic without organelles or eukaryotic with organelles like a nucleus. Organelles perform specific functions like mitochondria which produce energy and chloroplasts which facilitate photosynthesis.
Notes Cell Structure and Function.slide share pdfAbhishek Kumar
1. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living things. Microscopes allowed scientists like Hooke and Leeuwenhoek to first observe cells in the 1600s.
2. The Cell Theory established that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic functional units of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells.
3. Cells can be either prokaryotic without organelles or eukaryotic with organelles like a nucleus. Organelles perform specific functions like mitochondria which produce energy and chloroplasts which facilitate photosynthesis.
All living things are made of organized parts, obtain energy from their surroundings, perform chemical reactions, respond to their environment, grow and develop, change with time, and reproduce
All organisms are made of cells
All cells are produced from other cells (all cells arise from pre-existing cells by cell division)
The cell is the most basic unit of life
Cells are the basic unit of life. All living things are made of cells, which are the smallest living units that make up organisms. There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic cells, which were the first cells on Earth and include bacteria, and eukaryotic cells, which have membrane-bound organelles and include plant, animal, fungi and protist cells. All cells contain organelles that allow them to carry out essential functions through structures like the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane.
Ch 08 - Cell : The unit of Life || Class 11 ||SAQIB AHMED
- Robert Hooke first observed cells in 1665 when examining a slice of cork under a microscope. He saw small compartments separated by walls, which he called cells.
- The Cell Theory, developed by Schleiden and Schwann, states that the cell is the basic unit of structure and function of living things, new cells arise from existing cells, and all organisms are composed of one or more cells.
- Cells come in two main types - prokaryotic cells which lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, and eukaryotic cells which have a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane and other membrane-bound structures.
Cytology is the study of cells. Anton van Leeuwenhoek first observed cells using microscopy in the 1600s. Robert Hooke coined the term "cell" after observing plant cells in 1665. The cell theory, developed in the mid-1800s, states that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function, and new cells are produced from existing cells. Cells come in two main types - prokaryotes which lack nuclei and organelles, and eukaryotes which have nuclei and organelles. All cells share common structures like the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and in eukaryotes, the nucleus, but they also contain specialized structures called organelles that perform
This document summarizes several key organelles and structures found in plant cells, including dictyosomes (Golgi apparatus), lysosomes, microbodies, vacuoles, the nucleus, chloroplasts, and cell walls. It also compares plant and animal cells, noting that while they share some similar organelles, plant cells are generally larger, have cell walls, chloroplasts, central vacuoles, and can synthesize all amino acids. The main functions of plant cell organelles are described, such as protein modification in dictyosomes and waste degradation in lysosomes.
1. The basic unit of structure and function in living organisms is the cell.
2. Robert Hooke in 1665 first observed cells using a simple microscope when examining cork.
3. Cells come in a variety of shapes and sizes depending on their function, ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 micrometers in bacteria to 170mm x 130mm in ostrich eggs. Their structures also vary between single-celled and multicellular organisms.
Plant and animal cells contain organelles that carry out essential functions. Key organelles include the nucleus, which controls cell activities, mitochondria which generate energy, and the cell membrane which regulates what enters and exits the cell. Plant cells additionally contain a cell wall, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and larger vacuoles for storage. While organelles vary in shape and function, they work together within cells to keep organisms alive.
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms. The key components of cells include the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, and in plant cells cell walls, vacuoles, and plastids. Cells divide through mitosis to grow and reproduce. As cells become specialized through division of labor, they develop distinct shapes and chemical functions to perform roles like conducting nerve impulses, absorbing water and minerals in roots, moving mucus in the lungs, or transporting nutrients in plants. Tissues are groups of similar cells that work together, such as muscle or gland tissues. Organs are composed of multiple tissue types organized to perform a specific function, and organ systems integrate to keep the whole organism alive.
The document discusses the basic structure and functions of cells. It describes the key components of cells, including the plasma membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, cell wall, and other organelles. The document also explains the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and how scientists first discovered and studied cells using early microscopes.
Plant and animal cells share some common structures but also have distinct differences. Both contain organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, and cytoplasm that carry out basic cell functions. Plant cells additionally contain a cell wall, chloroplasts, and central vacuole not found in animal cells. The nucleus acts as the cell's control center while mitochondria generate energy and chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis in plant cells. Cell membranes envelop cells and regulate what enters and exits through selective permeability.
The fundamental unit of life is cell. It is briefly explained about it in this ppt , actually you can read this for school exams too. Thank you please leave a like
Here are the definitions and functions of the requested cellular components:
a. Chloroplast - Organelle found in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs. It contains chlorophyll.
b. Mitochondrion - Organelle where cellular respiration occurs, extracting energy from food through the process of respiration.
c. Nucleus - Control center of the cell that contains the genetic material DNA and directs cell activities.
d. Protoplasm - Living contents of the cell, consisting of the cytoplasm and organelles outside the nucleus.
e. Endoplasmic reticulum - Network of membranes that synthesize proteins and lipids and transport materials within the cell.
[Here is a labeled diagram of the cell
1. The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms.
2. Cells come in a variety of shapes and sizes, and have a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and organelles that allow them to carry out functions necessary for life.
3. Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells like bacteria lack these structures.
1. The document discusses cells, which are the basic structural and functional units of living organisms.
2. It provides details on the history of cell discovery from Hooke to Virchow and outlines the three main principles of cell theory.
3. The document describes the key components of cells including the plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, and various organelles as well as their structure and functions. It provides examples of unicellular and multicellular organisms.
description about cell biology, different types of cell organelles. single bound cell organellle and doubel membrane bound cell organelles, briefy explain different organelles inside the cell
Cellular Organizations | Class 8 | ScienceVijay Meena
Cellular Organizations
This presentation covers everything you want to know about Cellular Organizations, especially class 8 science book Cellular Organizations chapter.
The document discusses the cell, which is the fundamental unit of life. It describes key discoveries in cell history, such as Hooke discovering dead cells in 1665 and Leeuwenhoek discovering living cells in 1674. The document outlines the main parts of plant and animal cells, including the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. It explains the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and differences in plant and animal cells, such as plant cells containing a cell wall.
1. The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
2. Cell theory states that all living things are made of cells, cells come from pre-existing cells, and cells are the basic units of structure and function.
3. Key parts of the cell include the plasma membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm, which contains various organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, and vacuoles.
1. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living things. Microscopes allowed scientists like Hooke and Leeuwenhoek to first observe cells in the 1600s.
2. The Cell Theory established that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic functional units of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells.
3. Cells can be either prokaryotic without organelles or eukaryotic with organelles like a nucleus. Organelles perform specific functions like mitochondria which produce energy and chloroplasts which facilitate photosynthesis.
Notes Cell Structure and Function.slide share pdfAbhishek Kumar
1. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living things. Microscopes allowed scientists like Hooke and Leeuwenhoek to first observe cells in the 1600s.
2. The Cell Theory established that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic functional units of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells.
3. Cells can be either prokaryotic without organelles or eukaryotic with organelles like a nucleus. Organelles perform specific functions like mitochondria which produce energy and chloroplasts which facilitate photosynthesis.
All living things are made of organized parts, obtain energy from their surroundings, perform chemical reactions, respond to their environment, grow and develop, change with time, and reproduce
All organisms are made of cells
All cells are produced from other cells (all cells arise from pre-existing cells by cell division)
The cell is the most basic unit of life
Cells are the basic unit of life. All living things are made of cells, which are the smallest living units that make up organisms. There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic cells, which were the first cells on Earth and include bacteria, and eukaryotic cells, which have membrane-bound organelles and include plant, animal, fungi and protist cells. All cells contain organelles that allow them to carry out essential functions through structures like the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane.
Ch 08 - Cell : The unit of Life || Class 11 ||SAQIB AHMED
- Robert Hooke first observed cells in 1665 when examining a slice of cork under a microscope. He saw small compartments separated by walls, which he called cells.
- The Cell Theory, developed by Schleiden and Schwann, states that the cell is the basic unit of structure and function of living things, new cells arise from existing cells, and all organisms are composed of one or more cells.
- Cells come in two main types - prokaryotic cells which lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, and eukaryotic cells which have a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane and other membrane-bound structures.
Cytology is the study of cells. Anton van Leeuwenhoek first observed cells using microscopy in the 1600s. Robert Hooke coined the term "cell" after observing plant cells in 1665. The cell theory, developed in the mid-1800s, states that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function, and new cells are produced from existing cells. Cells come in two main types - prokaryotes which lack nuclei and organelles, and eukaryotes which have nuclei and organelles. All cells share common structures like the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and in eukaryotes, the nucleus, but they also contain specialized structures called organelles that perform
This document summarizes several key organelles and structures found in plant cells, including dictyosomes (Golgi apparatus), lysosomes, microbodies, vacuoles, the nucleus, chloroplasts, and cell walls. It also compares plant and animal cells, noting that while they share some similar organelles, plant cells are generally larger, have cell walls, chloroplasts, central vacuoles, and can synthesize all amino acids. The main functions of plant cell organelles are described, such as protein modification in dictyosomes and waste degradation in lysosomes.
1. The basic unit of structure and function in living organisms is the cell.
2. Robert Hooke in 1665 first observed cells using a simple microscope when examining cork.
3. Cells come in a variety of shapes and sizes depending on their function, ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 micrometers in bacteria to 170mm x 130mm in ostrich eggs. Their structures also vary between single-celled and multicellular organisms.
Plant and animal cells contain organelles that carry out essential functions. Key organelles include the nucleus, which controls cell activities, mitochondria which generate energy, and the cell membrane which regulates what enters and exits the cell. Plant cells additionally contain a cell wall, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and larger vacuoles for storage. While organelles vary in shape and function, they work together within cells to keep organisms alive.
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms. The key components of cells include the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, and in plant cells cell walls, vacuoles, and plastids. Cells divide through mitosis to grow and reproduce. As cells become specialized through division of labor, they develop distinct shapes and chemical functions to perform roles like conducting nerve impulses, absorbing water and minerals in roots, moving mucus in the lungs, or transporting nutrients in plants. Tissues are groups of similar cells that work together, such as muscle or gland tissues. Organs are composed of multiple tissue types organized to perform a specific function, and organ systems integrate to keep the whole organism alive.
The document discusses the basic structure and functions of cells. It describes the key components of cells, including the plasma membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, cell wall, and other organelles. The document also explains the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and how scientists first discovered and studied cells using early microscopes.
Plant and animal cells share some common structures but also have distinct differences. Both contain organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, and cytoplasm that carry out basic cell functions. Plant cells additionally contain a cell wall, chloroplasts, and central vacuole not found in animal cells. The nucleus acts as the cell's control center while mitochondria generate energy and chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis in plant cells. Cell membranes envelop cells and regulate what enters and exits through selective permeability.
The fundamental unit of life is cell. It is briefly explained about it in this ppt , actually you can read this for school exams too. Thank you please leave a like
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3. Here’s what a “cell” is!
Cell - the smallest unit of an organism
that carries on the functions of life
A cell can perform all the processes
of life.
4. •Many Sizes:
•nerve cells - up to a meter long
•human egg cell - dot of an i
•bacteria - 80,000 could fit in the dot
of an i
6. •Cell types:
•Prokaryotic cell - very simple; no
membrane-bound structures
(ex: bacteria)
•Eukaryotic cell - more advanced; has
membrane-bound structures
(ex: animal cells, plant cells)
7. Early Cell Scientists
Robert Hooke (1665)
• An English scientist who looked at slices of
cork under a crude compound microscope
and saw “a great many little boxes” that he
called “cells.” First person to see cells.
• “Cell” comes from the Latin word for
“little room.”
8. Early Cell Scientists
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1673)
• A Dutch shopkeeper who looked
at pond water using a simple
microscope and saw what he
called “animalcules.”
• Today, we call them single-
celled organisms.
An Early Simple Microscope
9. Early Cell Scientists
Matthias Schleiden (1838)
• A German botanist who discovered
that all plants are made up of similar
units, or cells.
10. Early Cell Scientists
Theodor Schwann
(around 1830)
• A German scientist who stated that all
plants and animals are made up of building
blocks, or cells.
• He also observed that there are
similarities and differences between plant
and animal cells.
11. Early Cell Scientists
Rudolph Virchow (1858)
• This German physician also reported
that every living thing is made of up
vital units, known as cells. He also
predicted that cells come from other
cells.
12. Cell Theory
1. All living things are made up of one or
more cells.
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure
and function in living things.
3. All cells come only from other living
cells.
14. Cell Structure
• A cell is like a small town:
Different parts have different and
specialized jobs.
• Plant cells and animal cells have many
similar structures, but have several
important differences.
30. Golgi Bodies
Function (job):
•Processes, packages and
secretes material
•Materials that are
transported by the ER
usually stop first at the
Golgi bodies where they are
stored or altered before
moving to other parts of the
cell
Analogy:
Center for Manufacturing
and shipping (UPS)
34. Vacuoles
Function (job):
•Stores water and food
materials
•Stores waste and helps
the cell get rid of
waste
•Plant cells contain a
large central vacuole -
filled with water - helps
give shape
Analogy:
Storage warehouse
38. How are plant and animal
cells different?
PLANT CELLS:
Have cell walls,
chloroplasts,
large vacuoles
39. How are plant and animal
cells different?
ANIMAL CELLS:
Have lysosomes
40. How are different cells
adapted to their functions?
Muscle Cells: Have
large quantities of
mitochondria for
energy.
Plant Cells: Rigid cell
walls allow plants to grow
upright.
41. How are different cells
adapted to their functions?
Red Blood Cells: Thin,
flexible discs allow them
to squeeze through tiny
blood vessels.
Nerve Cells: Have long
projections through which
messages are sent throughout the
body.
46. Organ
• Examples: Heart, Lung, Brain
• Found in both plants and animals.
• Composed of tissue that is
organized into groups that work
together to perform special
functions.
54. Cell Processes
• Think of the cell membrane as being
like a gatekeeper at an ancient castle.
• It was the gatekeeper’s job to decide
when to open the gate and allow
people to pass into and out of the
castle.
• The gatekeeper controlled the
permeability of the castle walls.
55. Permeable
• If the gatekeeper allowed friendly
folk to enter, he or she was allowing
the castle walls to be permeable.
• Permeable means that in cells certain
substances can move
freely through the membrane.
56. Impermeable
• If the gatekeeper prevented enemies
from entering, he or she was allowing
the castle walls to be impermeable.
• Impermeable means that in cells
substances cannot pass freely
through the membrane.
57. Selectively Permeable
• Because the gatekeeper can select those
that can enter the castle, he or she was
allowing the castle walls to be selectively
permeable.
• Because the cell membrane allows some
materials to pass through and is
impervious to others it is
selectively permeable.
59. Diffusion
• This is the main way by which substances
move into and out of cells.
• The process by which molecules tend to
move from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower
concentration.
• Eventually there is an equal concentration
of molecules inside and outside of the
cell.
60. Osmosis
……is the diffusion of water molecules
through a permeable membrane.
Osmosis is important to cells
because cells cannot function
properly without adequate
water.
61. Osmosis
• In osmosis, water molecules move by
diffusion from an area where they
are highly concentrated…through the
cell membrane…to an area where they
are less concentrated.
62. *The cell doesn’t need to use energy to
move materials across the membrane.
63. Active Transport
•Requires the cell to
use energy to let things
pass through the
membrane.
•Large proteins in the
cell membrane are
involved in active
transport.
64.
65. Cell Division
• The cells in your body are constantly
changing. Most new cells replace
damaged or dead cells. These new
cells are made during a process called
cell division.
• When cell division takes place
two identical cells are produced.
66. Cell Division
• In single celled organisms, cell
division results in the formation of
two new organisms.
Dividing
Paramecium
67. Cell Division
• In many celled organisms, cell division
increases the number of cells making
up the organism.
• As the cells increase in number, the
organism grows.
Feeling Fine
68. Cell Cycle
The cell
divides.
The cell prepares for
division.
The cell
grows and
develops.
This cycle may take a few hours or a few
days!
70. This process by which a cell’s
nucleus divides into two identical
nuclei is called
71. Mitosis
• Mitosis occurs in several phases.
• Most of a cell’s life is spent in
the growth and development
phase, called ‘interphase.’
72. Interphase
•The cell is making enough
protein, mitochondria, and
other substances for two cells.
•In the nucleus, each
chromosome is forming an
exact copy of itself.
•In animal cells, two pairs of
centrioles are forming in the
cytoplasm.
73. Prophase
•The nuclear membrane
dissolves.
•The centrioles migrate to
opposite sides of the cell.
•Spindle fibers form between
the centrioles.
•Chromatid pairs are pulled to
the center of the cell by the
spindles.
75. Anaphase
•The centromeres split and the
chromatids become two
identical chromosomes.
•The spindle fibers shrink,
pulling the chromosomes to
opposite sides of the cell.
•The cell stretches out to
prepare for division.
76. Telophase
•The chromosomes reach
opposite ends of the cell.
•The spindles disintegrate.
•A nuclear membrane forms
around each set of chromosomes,
forming two new nuclei.
•A furrow forms in the cell
membrane, deepens, and divides
the cell completely.
77. Mitosis in Plants
• Plants do not have centrioles. But
they do have spindle fibers.
• The rigid cell wall can’t form a furrow
in the middle, so a cell plate forms
across the middle.
....is different!
78. Mitosis in Plants
• After the cell divides into two new
cells, each forms its own cell wall.
....is different!