Major divisions in Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology 2nd edition presented for examination purpose. Pinned important points are compiled here for students.
Major divisions in Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology 2nd edition presented for examination purpose. Pinned important points are compiled here for students.
Biodiversity, Microbial Biodiversity, Bacterial Biodiveristy, Archae Biodiversity, Protozoa Biodiversity, Fungal Biodiversity, Origin of Life, Origin of Life on Earth, Chemical Evolution, Physical Evolution, Biological Evolution
Interaction of microorganisms with vascular plants.pptxMicrobiologyMicro
Microbial association with vascular plants
Plants—the major source of organic matter on which most soil microorganisms are dependent.
Different Microorganisms are associated with the leaves, stems, flowers, seeds, and roots.
The microbial community influences plants in direct and indirect ways.
Structure and function of plasma membrane 2ICHHA PURAK
The presentation consists of 72 slides,describes following heads
DEFINITION : STRUCTURE OF PLASMA MEMBRANE
COMPONENTS OF PLASMA MEMBRANE ( (BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES)
LIPID BILAYER
PROTEINS
CARBOHYDRATES
CHOLESTEROL
MODELS EXPLAINING STRUCTURE OF BIO MEMBRANE
FLUID MOSAIC MODEL
MOBILITY OF MEMBRANE
GLYCOCALYX : GLYCOPROTEINS AND GLYCOLIPIDS
TRANSPORT OF IONS AND MOLECULES ACROSS PLASMA MEMBRANE
FUNCTIONS OF PLASMA MEMBRANE
DIVERSITY OF CELL MEMBRANES
SITE OF ATPASE ION CARRIER CHANNELS AND PUMPS-RECEPTORS
Biodiversity, Microbial Biodiversity, Bacterial Biodiveristy, Archae Biodiversity, Protozoa Biodiversity, Fungal Biodiversity, Origin of Life, Origin of Life on Earth, Chemical Evolution, Physical Evolution, Biological Evolution
Interaction of microorganisms with vascular plants.pptxMicrobiologyMicro
Microbial association with vascular plants
Plants—the major source of organic matter on which most soil microorganisms are dependent.
Different Microorganisms are associated with the leaves, stems, flowers, seeds, and roots.
The microbial community influences plants in direct and indirect ways.
Structure and function of plasma membrane 2ICHHA PURAK
The presentation consists of 72 slides,describes following heads
DEFINITION : STRUCTURE OF PLASMA MEMBRANE
COMPONENTS OF PLASMA MEMBRANE ( (BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES)
LIPID BILAYER
PROTEINS
CARBOHYDRATES
CHOLESTEROL
MODELS EXPLAINING STRUCTURE OF BIO MEMBRANE
FLUID MOSAIC MODEL
MOBILITY OF MEMBRANE
GLYCOCALYX : GLYCOPROTEINS AND GLYCOLIPIDS
TRANSPORT OF IONS AND MOLECULES ACROSS PLASMA MEMBRANE
FUNCTIONS OF PLASMA MEMBRANE
DIVERSITY OF CELL MEMBRANES
SITE OF ATPASE ION CARRIER CHANNELS AND PUMPS-RECEPTORS
• The membrane enclosing a cell is called cell membrane or plasma membrane (animal cells) and plasma lemma (plant cells).
• It contains proteins and lipids in the ratio of 80 : 20 in bacteria on one extreme and on the other extreme 20 : 80 in some nerve cells.
• The over all composition of most of the cell membranes is 40-50% protein and 50-60% lipids; both the components vary in their composition.
INTRODUCTION
plasma membrane is also known as cell membrane or cytoplasm membrane.
It is the biological membrane, separates interior of the cell from the outside environment.
Selective permeable to Ions and organic molecules.
Its basic function is to protect the cell from its surroundings.
It consists of the phospholipids bilayer with embedded proteins.
Cell membranes are involved in:cell adhesion, ion conductivity and cell signaling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures.
Biostatistics Collection of Data and Sampling Techniques SMG.pptxsajigeorge64
Biostatistics : A brief description of collection of data and sampling techniques - Methods of collection of primary and secondary data - census method- sampling methods- merits and demerits of sampling.
LINKAGE AND CROSSING-OVER SMG
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Allelic and Non-allelic interactions : Complete dominance; Incomplete dominance-in Four O'clock plant, Mirabilis jalapa and Snapdragon, Antirrhinum majus ; Co-dominance- MN blood group, AB blood group, Roan coat colour in shorthorn breed of cattle; Inheritance of Comb pattern in Poultry; Epistasis -Dominant - Fruit colour in Summer squash, Recessive - Coat colour in mice; Complementary gene interaction -Purple flower colour in Sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus)
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Introduction to Genetics - Mendelism ; Genetics defenition- heridity and variation - heritable and non-heritable variations; Gregor Johann Mendel - rediscovery of Mendelism- Terminology and symbols; Mendel's experiments , laws
A General account of Plant Peroxisomes - Ultrastructure, Types :Leaf peroxisomes (Leaf -type peroxisomes), Peroxisomes for other special metabolism, unspecialized peroxisomes and Glyoxysomes ; Functions
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A brief account of the changes in number and structure of chromosomes : Haploidy, Polyploidy, Aneuploidy, Deletion, Duplication, Inversion and Translocation
A general account of special types of chromosomes - Giant chromosomes (Polytene chromosomes or salivary gland chromosomes and Lampbrush chromosomes ) & B chromosomes
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
CELL MEMBRANE SMG
1. CELL MEMBRANE
Dr. Saji Mariam George
Associate Professor (Retired)
Assumption College Autonomous
Changanacherry
2. Cell membrane (Plasma membrane ).
• All cells are surrounded by a thin, elastic,
semi- permeable living membrane called Cell
membrane (Plasma membrane or plasma
lemma).
• It serves as the boundary of the cytoplasm.
• Keeps the cell contents in place
• Gives form to the cell
• The thickness varies from 100 – 215 A°.
3. • Membranes from different sources vary in
their composition.
• Chemically , it is composed of proteins, lipids
and carbohydrates.
• Proteins represent the main component of
most biological membranes.
4. On the basis of the degree of association with
the membrane , membrane proteins are
classified into
i) Peripheral (Extrinsic ) proteins –
Have a weaker association with the
membrane
Soluble in aqueous solutions
Usually , they are free of lipids .
5. ii ) Integral (Intrinsic ) proteins
Represent more than 70% of the membrane
proteins.
Firmly associated with the membrane
Insoluble in aqueous solutions
Associated with lipids – The main lipid
components of plasma membrane -
phospholipids, cholesterol and galactolipids.
6. Lipids are arranged in parallel chains in a
double (bimolecular) layer with their
hydrophobic, non polar ends adjoining each
other and their hydrophilic polar ends
associated with proteins.
More than 30 enzymes have been detected
in isolated plasma membranes like Mg ++
ATPase, Alkaline phosphatase, Adenyl
cyclase, Na+ K+ATPase etc.
7. MOLECULAR MODELS
OF PLASMA MEMBRANE
1. UNIT MEMBRANE MODEL
Proposed by Robertson (1960)
The unit membrane is a trilaminar
membrane with protein – lipid – protein
arrangement.
The outer and inner dense layers represent
the proteins , each about 20 A° thick.
8. The interior less dense region of about 35 A°
thickness represents the bimolecular layer
of phospholipid.
The total thickness of the plasma membrane
is 75 A° - thickness may vary from
membrane to membrane.
11. • The lipid and protein molecules are held
together electrostatically.
• At some places in the membrane , there are
10 A° wide pores.
• Trilaminar composition is found in most of
the membranes of cellular organelles like
Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex,
Lysosomes, Plastids etc.
12. Limitations of Unit membrane model
Unit membrane model is not sufficient to
explain the structure and function of all
biological membranes which are much more
complex .
13. 2. FLUID MOSAIC MODEL
• Proposed by Singer and Nicholson (1972)
• Generally accepted model
• Described as ‘protein icebergs’ in a sea of
lipids.
Important Postulates :
1. The lipid and integral proteins are disposed
in a kind of mosaic arrangement.
2. The biological membranes are quasi- fluid
structures in which both the lipids and the
integral proteins are able to perform
translational movements within the bilayer.
15. • The main components of the membrane viz.
lipids and proteins are held together by
relatively weak interactions – ionic and H –
bonds .
• Fluidity (both lipids and proteins have
freedom of lateral movement within the
bilayer ) is achieved with slightest disturbance.
16. • Intrinsic proteins and lipids are amphipathic
molecules , having both hydrophilic and
hydrophobic groups within the same
molecule .
• This explains that transmembrane protein
traversing through the membrane will have
hydrophilic groups on either side of the
membrane and hydrophobic group in the
interior of the membrane which is in contact
with the lipids.
17. • Such traversing proteins may be in contact
with the aqueous solvent on both sides of
the membrane.
• The membranes are dynamic not static.
• Small sized pores , with 0.7 nm diameter
are present.
18. Functions of Plasma membrane
• Controls the entry and exit of molecules and ions
into and out of the cell - helps to maintain a
balance between the osmotic pressure of the
intracellular fluid and that of the interstitial fluid.
• Osmosis - Plasma membrane is semi- permeable.
The to and fro movement of water molecules
through the plasma membrane occurs due to the
differences in the concentration of the solutes on
either sides.
19. • Endocytosis:
Infoldings of plasma
membrane help in
the intake of solid
(Phagocytosis) and
liquid (Pinocytosis).
Image :https://en.wikipedia.org