CCNA certification is a cornerstone of many IT careers. This book is a comprehensive study guide for the CCNA Intro, CCNA ICND, and CCNA Certification exams. Its target audience is a high school student, a first-year community college or any adult wanting to understand networking better.

1. Cisco certified network
associate (ccna)
Prabhanjan kumar
15EBKEC028

2. Contents
● About CCNA
● Network
● Networking Device
● OSI Model
● IP address
● Subnetting
● Routing
● Booting process of router
● Switching

3. ABOUT CCNA
This certification builds a foundation in and apprentice
Knowledge of networking.

4. NETWORK
● A network is a system that transmits any combination of
voice,video or data between users.
Types of network
● LAN ( LOCAL AREA NETWORK)
● WAN ( WIDE AREA NETWORK)
● MAN (METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK)
● PAN ( PERSONAL AREA NETWORK)

5. NETWORKING DEVICE
Equipment that connects directly to a network segment is referred
to as a device.
● ROUTER
Router are used to connects networks together
Route a packets of data from one network to another
● SWITCH
Manageable device
● HUB
It is a dump device
It takes the input from one port and send it to all the port

6. OSI MODEL
● It stand for open system interconnection reference model.
● It was developed by the international organization
standardization (ISO).
● OSI model describes how data is transferred from an
application on one computer to another.
● OSI model composed of seven layers that describe the
functions of data of data communication protocol.
● Each layer of OSI model describes a particular network
function.

7. LAYERS OF OSI MODEL
Presentation layer
Session layer
Transport layer
Network layer
Data link layer
Physical layer
Application layer

8. IP ADDRESS
● An IP address is a 32- bit sequence of 1s and 0s.
● A way to identify a machines on a network.
● IP addressing was designed to allow a hosts on one network
to communicate with host on a different network regardless of
the type of the type of LANs the host are participating in.
● It have two part are as
● Network part
● Host part
● IANA (Internet assigned number authority) provide an IP
address.

9. IP RANGE & STRUCTURE
A 1-126 255.0.0.0 16M N H H H
CLASS
OCTET
RANGE
DEFAULT
SUBNET MASK
MAX
HOST
B 128-191 255.255.0.0 64K N N H H
C 192-223 255.255.255.0 254 N N N H
D 224-239 N/A N/A multicast address
E 240-255 N/A N/A Experiment
FORMATFORMAT

10. SUBNETTING
● Creates a multiple logical networks that exist within a single
class A,B,C network.
● If you do not subnet,you will only be able to use one network
from your class A,B,or C network, which is unrealistic.
❖ ADVANTAGE :
➢ It can divided a network into a smaller part.
➢ To avoid the wastage of IP.
❖ TYPES OF SUBNETTING :
➢ Vlsm (variable length subnet mask)
➢ Flsm (fixed length subnet mask)

11. ROUTER
● Router is a device which connects different networks over a
large distances.
● It is a device are used to transfer the data from one network to
another network.
● It contains a routing table in which all information about the
address of connected network.

12. Internal component of router
● POST (Power on self test) - It is used to checks the hardware.
● ROM (Random access memory) - It load the bootstrap
programs and searches for the IOS.
● FLASH - It is used to store IOS.
● NVRAM (Non-volatile random access memory) - It is used to
store configuration startup configuration permentaily .
● RAM (Random access memory) - It is used to store running
configuration temporarily.
POST ROM FLASH NVRAM RAM

13. YES
NO YES
NO YES
NVRAM
FIND CONFIG FILE
POST
FLASH
BOOTSTRAP
CONFIGURATION REGISTER
VALUE
ROM
TFTP
SERVER
SETUP
MODE
LOAD
IOS
LOAD
STARTUP

14. ROUTING
● Forwarding of packets from one network to another network
choosing a best path from the routing table.
● The routing process usually directs forwarding on the basic of
routing table, which maintain the record of the routes to various
network destinations.
ROUTING SCHEMES
● Routing schemes differ in how they differ message:
● Unicast delivers a message to a single specific nodes.
● Broadcast delivers a message to all nodes in the network.
● Multicast delivers a message to a group of nodes

15. TYPES OF ROUTING PROTOCOL
Dynamic routingStatic routing
Distance vector Link state
RIP IGRP OSPF BGP

16. SWITCHING
➢ It is used to communicate within a single Lan.It means if we
want to communicate a with a single lan than no need of the
router.
➢ It build a mac address table using source mac.

17. PROJECT
Design a campus network

18. TOPOLOGY

19. Thank you