THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENERGY; THE CASE OF GHANA. DISCUSS.williamson20032001
Climate change is the gradual, long-term alteration of worldwide weather patterns, especially increases in temperature and storm activity, attributable to the increased accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This increases the temperature of the earth and carries with it a series of repercussions for the environment. The earth’s atmospheric temperature is maintained by greenhouse gases, whose duty is to form an insulating blanket around the earth and regulate the amount of solar radiation that stays in its atmosphere. Chief among these gases are water vapour (most abundant), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). These occur naturally. Human-made additions include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydro chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%) are the two most abundant gases of the earth’s atmospheric cover by volume percent but have properties that restrict infrared absorption. The greenhouse gases that make up less than a percentage of the earth’s atmospheric composition are the culprits in global warming. The role of greenhouse gases is profound. The sun is the primary source of heat to the earth. The solar spectrum is a collection of radiant energy forms that are partly absorbed by the earth. X-ray, infrared, gamma, visible light and ultraviolet radiation all are emitted from the sun.
The presentation analyses the causative factors, phenomenon and effects of global warming and tries to find answers to this perplexing problem facing mankind
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENERGY; THE CASE OF GHANA. DISCUSS.williamson20032001
Climate change is the gradual, long-term alteration of worldwide weather patterns, especially increases in temperature and storm activity, attributable to the increased accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This increases the temperature of the earth and carries with it a series of repercussions for the environment. The earth’s atmospheric temperature is maintained by greenhouse gases, whose duty is to form an insulating blanket around the earth and regulate the amount of solar radiation that stays in its atmosphere. Chief among these gases are water vapour (most abundant), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). These occur naturally. Human-made additions include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydro chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%) are the two most abundant gases of the earth’s atmospheric cover by volume percent but have properties that restrict infrared absorption. The greenhouse gases that make up less than a percentage of the earth’s atmospheric composition are the culprits in global warming. The role of greenhouse gases is profound. The sun is the primary source of heat to the earth. The solar spectrum is a collection of radiant energy forms that are partly absorbed by the earth. X-ray, infrared, gamma, visible light and ultraviolet radiation all are emitted from the sun.
The presentation analyses the causative factors, phenomenon and effects of global warming and tries to find answers to this perplexing problem facing mankind
Impacts of Climate Change on the Economic and Livelihood Sectors of the Cari...FAO
www.fao.org/sids
The presentation will be made in the context of the Regional Preparatory Meeting for the Caribbean towards the Third International Conference on SIDS 2014. FAO is hosting a special event: "Addressing major threats for improved livelihoods and sustainable development in the Caribbean SIDS"
Plenary 2 - Social Impacts of Global Climate Changerbulalakaw
Presentation of Prof. Natividad Lacdan,
College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila, during the UP Manila Conference on Global Climate Change, held October 22-23, 2009 at the Pearl Garden Hotel, Manila.
Presentation by Susanna Scott, Saint Lucia's Department of Sustainable Development, for the event "Understanding Climate Change Adaptation in the Saint Lucia Context," a briefing for journalists held in Castries, Saint Lucia, on June 25, 2017.
CONTENTS:
1).INTRODUCTION
2).CLIMATE CHANGE
3).ENERGY EMERGENCY
4).WASTED WATER
5).PLASTIC PLIGHT
6).BIODIVERSITY IN A BIND
In this PPT we talk about various factors which would help us in making this world a better place to live and sustain.
Understanding Climate Change Adaptation in the Saint Lucia ContextNAP Global Network
Presentation by Dawn-Pierre-Nathoniel, Saint Lucia's Department of Sustainable Development, for the event "Understanding Climate Change Adaptation in the Saint Lucia Context," a briefing for journalists held in Castries, Saint Lucia, on June 25, 2017.
Comments on social protection, transfers and remittances indicators of the Ru...ExternalEvents
Expert consultation on methodology for an information system on rural livelihoods and Sustainable Development Goals indicators on smallholder productivity and income
7 - 8 December, FAO headquarters
Impacts of Climate Change on the Economic and Livelihood Sectors of the Cari...FAO
www.fao.org/sids
The presentation will be made in the context of the Regional Preparatory Meeting for the Caribbean towards the Third International Conference on SIDS 2014. FAO is hosting a special event: "Addressing major threats for improved livelihoods and sustainable development in the Caribbean SIDS"
Plenary 2 - Social Impacts of Global Climate Changerbulalakaw
Presentation of Prof. Natividad Lacdan,
College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila, during the UP Manila Conference on Global Climate Change, held October 22-23, 2009 at the Pearl Garden Hotel, Manila.
Presentation by Susanna Scott, Saint Lucia's Department of Sustainable Development, for the event "Understanding Climate Change Adaptation in the Saint Lucia Context," a briefing for journalists held in Castries, Saint Lucia, on June 25, 2017.
CONTENTS:
1).INTRODUCTION
2).CLIMATE CHANGE
3).ENERGY EMERGENCY
4).WASTED WATER
5).PLASTIC PLIGHT
6).BIODIVERSITY IN A BIND
In this PPT we talk about various factors which would help us in making this world a better place to live and sustain.
Understanding Climate Change Adaptation in the Saint Lucia ContextNAP Global Network
Presentation by Dawn-Pierre-Nathoniel, Saint Lucia's Department of Sustainable Development, for the event "Understanding Climate Change Adaptation in the Saint Lucia Context," a briefing for journalists held in Castries, Saint Lucia, on June 25, 2017.
Comments on social protection, transfers and remittances indicators of the Ru...ExternalEvents
Expert consultation on methodology for an information system on rural livelihoods and Sustainable Development Goals indicators on smallholder productivity and income
7 - 8 December, FAO headquarters
The Internship was an excellent opportunity for me to relate my academic knowledge with the industry trend. I am really grateful to Institute of Information Technology, University of Dhaka for providing me this opportunity. Here is the report based on my experiences and learnings during my internship at Orion Informatics Ltd., starting from January 01 to June 30, 2014.
This presentation by Prof. Allan Fels from the University of Melbourn, Australia was made during the discussion on "Independence of competition authorities - from designs to practices" held at the 15th Global Forum on Competition on 1 December 2016. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/competition/globalforum/independence-of-competition-authorities.htm
This presentation by the OECD Competition Division was made during the discussion on "Sanctions in Anti-trust cases" held at the 15th Global Forum on Competition on 2 December 2016. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/competition/globalforum/competition-and-sanctions-in-antitrust-cases.htm
BRAND ON, la Social Data Analysis al servizio del cliente
Offrire alle marche asset strategici per indagare, comprendere e orientare i comportamenti dell’utente/consumatore significa permettere a marketer & communication manager di conoscere, approfondire e derivare insight dai comportamenti delle audience di riferimento sui social network.
Doxa & Connexia competenze integrate per analizzare, razionalizzare e interpretare il dato
La piattaforma BRAND ON si compone di quattro moduli complementari:
BRAND PERCEPTION - know your digital sentiment: un’istantanea del sentiment del brand, scattata identificando le conversazioni attinenti, analizzando il conversato, verificando il sentiment di prodotti e servizi.
BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS - know your social audience: un’analisi puntuale degli utenti attivi e con interesse effettivo verso il brand.
SOCIAL CRM - know your customer: una conoscenza sempre più approfondita di clienti/fan, fondamentale per studiare azioni di comunicazioni mirate, effettuare review editoriali mirate, pianificare, grazie all’analisi dei cluster di utenti, azioni di adv customizzata attraverso lo strumento delle custom audience.
SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE - know your industry: un’analisi oggettiva comparativa per determinare le performance dei competitors identificati, valutarne il posizionamento sul mercato, la social media strategy, le iniziative di fidelizzazione.
Gli obiettivi di BRAND ON
conoscere l’audience di riferimento, il posizionamento rispetto ai competitors, il social behaviour dei clienti, lovers & prospect.
arricchire il CRM con informazioni derivanti dal comportamento naturale degli utenti.
definire i cluster di utenti e perfezionare i target di riferimento per mettere a punto strategie di ADV e contenuti sempre più efficaci.
ottenere dati e insight che permettono di esplorare nuove aree di business.
Per informazioni: brandon@connexia.com
connexia.com/brandon
doxa.it/brandon
A presentation on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports, with particular relevance to Africa and Trans-frontier Conservation Areas within Southern Africa
Here are 12 instances of the climate paradigm shift: 1. Extreme Weather Events 2. Rising Sea Levels 3. Disruption of Ecosystems 4. Economic Implications 5. Health and Human Well-being
4A Socio-economic and environmental impacts of climate change.pptxNeeraj Ojha
As far as Nepalese people are concerned, they are very bad in their food habits. Disease like ulcer and diabetes are rampant along Nepalese people. Moreover, there are areas in the country where there is a severe malnutrition.
Factors influencing food habits
•Individual Preferences
Every individual has unique likes and dislikes concerning foods.
•Cultural Influences
A cultural group provides guidelines regarding acceptable foods, food combinations, eating patterns, and eating behaviors.
•Social Influences
Members of asocial group depend on each other, share a common culture, and influence each other's behaviors and values.
2 Climate change on agriculture for training of trainersDr. P.B.Dharmasena
This is a TOT presentation on Agriculture and Climate Change
made for the project - Building Resilience and Strengthening Community Disaster Preparedness in Sri Lanka
Climate change ,adaptation and mitigation in fisheriesSWAGATIKA SAHOO
Climate change impacts on aquatic and marine ecosystems and associated livelihoods are growing, and the purpose of this circular is to provide a brief overview of potential impacts and details of ongoing and completed adaptation activities. Sharing examples will aid planning and development of adaptation in fisheries and aquaculture, and this compilation is intended to provide a starting point for planners, policy-makers, and practitioners who are involved in sectors related to fisheries and aquaculture around the globe. This introduction provides an overview of climate change impacts on fisheries and aquaculture. The presentation reviews potential mitigation and adaptation options for fisheries and aquaculture at various scales. This is followed by an overview of selected adaptation activities at various scales to demonstrate the types of activities underway or completed around the world, primarily in developing countries. This is not a comprehensive review of adaptation actions – there are other resources that provide more in-depth reviews of adaptation. However, this circular aims to provide examples of the kinds of adaptation activities specifically addressing fisheries and/or aquaculture.
U.S.A and India: Convergences and Challenges in Clean Energy and Climate Ch...Bibhuti Bhusan Gadanayak
U.S.A and India: Convergences and Challenges in Clean Energy and Climate Change
Key discussion questions
- What are the challenges faced by both countries in harnessing the true potential for clean energy?
- Should the issue of climate change feature as a major theme in the bilateral strategic negotiations?
- How can knowledge sharing platforms be utilised to mitigate the crisis of climate change?
- What does US joining of India-led International Solar Alliance means for the grouping?
Social development is about improving the well-being of every individual in society so they can reach their full potential.
-The success of society is linked to the well-being of each and every citizen. Social development means investing in people.
Disaster Management: Definition, Typology of disasters, major disasters in India
Disaster Management Cycle: Paradigm Shift in Disaster Management, Pre-Disaster – Risk Assessment and Analysis, Risk Mapping: Zonation and Microzonation, Prevention and Mitigation of Disasters, Early Warning System; Preparedness, Capacity Development; Awareness. During Disaster – Evacuation – Disaster Communication – Search and Rescue – Emergency Operation Centre – Incident Command System – Relief and Rehabilitation.
Post-disaster – Damage and Needs Assessment, Restoration of Critical Infrastructure – Early Recovery – Reconstruction and Redevelopment.
Natural Disaster – Definition and associated terminology, Complex Humanitarian Emergency
Origin and evolution of the definition, difference between man-made and natural disasters: characteristics
Concept, nature and severity of climate change.
Causes of climate change. Impact of climate change: globally in general and Odisha in particular.
Greenhouse effect, climate change and disasters.
Role of Civil Society in DRR Implementation of the SFDRR in the context of U...Bibhuti Bhusan Gadanayak
All non-governmental groups, associations and institutions that citizen form and join these includes
- religious organizations
- professional organizations
- charitable groups
- inter groups
Non-Governmental associations (NGOs)
Role of women in disaster management Experience from Asia and Africa presente...Bibhuti Bhusan Gadanayak
Role of women in disaster management
Experience from Asia and Africa
"To awaken the people, it is the women who must be awakened. Once she is on the move, the family moves, the village moves, the nation moves".
Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru
1.Enabling children and adults to access the resources they need to maintain their health and wellbeing (e.g., under lockdown or shielding) through
2.Enabling children and adults to access the resources they need to maintain their health and wellbeing (e.g., under lockdown or shielding) through
3.Identifying and supporting informal family and friend
Mobilizing, connecting people and providing information about community, universal and secondary services and resources
The Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) is an internationally accepted methodology for determining the physical damages, economic losses, and costs of meeting recovery needs after a natural disaster through a government-led process.
The Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) is an internationally accepted methodology for determining the physical damages, economic losses, and costs of meeting recovery needs after a natural disaster through a government-led process.
Social Work practice conducting PDNA in post disaster situation: Special re...Bibhuti Bhusan Gadanayak
Social Work practice conducting PDNA in post disaster situation: Special reference to the volcanic eruption in bordering area of DR Congo-Rwanda, East Africa on Saturday 22nd May 2021. Presented before the students of Department of Social Work, Visva-Bharati (A Central University of National Importance ) on 11th July 2021 from RWANDA
The discussion topic envisions where Rwanda’s food system aims to be by 2030 and is accompanied by guiding questions. The EWS discussion topic is: “Smallholder farmers and other stakeholders along the food systems value chain receive timely warnings on shocks using better data and mobile technology.”
“Smallholder farmers and other stakeholders along the food systems value chai...Bibhuti Bhusan Gadanayak
The discussion topic envisions where Rwanda’s food system aims to be by 2030 and is accompanied by guiding questions. The EWS discussion topic is: “Smallholder farmers and other stakeholders along the food systems value chain receive timely warnings on shocks using better data and mobile technology.”
As suggested earlier, I would like to be updated on my attendance the Second Caribbean Safe School Ministerial Forum on School Safety. Theme: Education Sector Resilience: Exploring the possibilities to be held at St. Vincent and the Grenadines held during April 29-30, 2019.
Flooding’s occur when an extreme volume of water is carried by rivers, creeks and many other geographical features into areas where the water cannot be drained adequately. Often, during times of heavy rainfall, drainage systems in residential areas are not adequate or unchecked civil development severely impedes the functionality of an otherwise acceptable drainage system.
A serious disruption of the functioning of the society, caused by a hazard or otherwise, having widespread human, material, environmental and other losses, which exceed the ability of the affected society to cope using its own resources
Poverty alleviation at the grass root level, self-help groups (SHGs) as an in...Bibhuti Bhusan Gadanayak
Orissa is endowed with rich natural resources in the form of vast mineral deposits, forest, fertile land, plentiful surface and ground water resources, long coast line, and picturesque tourist potential. But, such resources have not been exploited adequately for income generation activities. As a result, Orissa ranks very low among the Indian states in terms of per capita income, and it has become one of the poorest states of the country. Large proportion of people in the state have very poor living conditions. As per an estimate, among the fifteen major states of India, the position of Orissa with regard to living conditions or standard of living is fourteenth (Behera and Mitra: 1996). So, it becomes necessary to examine the poverty scenario and the formation SHGs in reducing the poverty.
The Gambia provides a comprehensive view of hazard, risk and uncertainties for floods and droughts in a changing climate, with projections for the period 2050-2100. The risk profile considers a large number of possible scenarios, their likelihood, and associated impacts. The presentation describes, how the DRR & CCA is mainstreamed in the Gambia with development planning and policies.
1. Climate Change Adaption
Bibhuti Bhusan Gadanayak
DRR & CCA Specialist
NDMA-UNDP, The Republic of Gambia
55, Kairaba Avenue, Banjul, The Gambia
Email:bibhuti.gadanayak@one.un.org
bibhuti.undmt@gmail.com
2. What is CC
• Climate Change means significant difference in weather pattern over an
extended period of time
• Scientific consensus links current climate change primarily;
• emissions of carbon dioxide and other
• greenhouse gases from human activity, such as;
• the burning of fossil fuels,
• loss of forests and unsustainable production and
• consumption in the industrialized world
The effects include higher global temperatures,
• an increase in frequency and intensity of extreme weather events and
• related natural disasters,
• severe impacts to the sustainability of ecosystems.
3. Definitions of CC
1. Defining climate change For most people, the expression “climate change”
means the alteration of the world’s climate that we humans are causing,
through fossil fuel burning, clearing forests and other practices that
increase the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere.
2. Definition by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC) that climate change is the change that can be attributed
“directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the
global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability
observed over comparable time periods”.
3. IPCC defines “climate change” as “a change in the state of the climate that
can be identified ... by changes in the mean and / or the variability of its
properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or
longer”.
bibhuti.undmt@gmail.com
4. Weather and climate
• Weather is the set of meteorological conditions – wind, rain, snow,
sunshine, temperature, etc. – at a particular time and place.
• “climate” describes the overall long-term characteristics of the
weather experienced at a place.
• Ex. Singapore, in the tropics, has a hot wet climate, while continental
Mongolia always has cold winters.
• The climate therefore can be thought of as a long-term summary of
weather conditions, taking account of the average conditions as well as the
variability of these conditions. The fluctuations that occur from year to
year, and the statistics of extreme conditions such as severe storms or
unusually hot seasons, are part of the climatic variability.
5. Major projections of CC
The IPCC has examined the published results from many different models and
on the basis of the evidence has estimated that by 2100
• The global average surface warming (surface air temperature change), will increase by 1.1 - 6.4
°C.
• The sea level will rise between 18 and 59 cm.•
• The oceans will become more acidic.
• It is very likely that hot extremes, heat waves and heavy precipitation events will continue to
become more frequent.
• It is very likely that there will be more precipitation at higher latitudes and it is likely that there
will be less precipitation in most subtropical land areas.
• It is likely that tropical cyclones (typhoons and hurricanes) will become more intense, with larger
peak wind speeds and more heavy precipitation associated with on-going increases of tropical sea
surface temperatures.
6. Issue Impacts of Climate Change
Natural resources:
food, water, fuel & land
• Drought and/or flooding from temperature changes and erratic weather
• Decreased soil fertility
• Decreased crop yields or crop failure
• Resource scarcity
• Shortage of clean, potable water
Natural disasters • Warming oceans
• Changing weather patterns/seasons
• Erratic and more intense weather events
Health • Increase in infectious, water-borne or vector-borne diseases, e.g., malaria, due to increased temperatures
and intensified storms
• Heat-related illness
• Malnutrition
• Increased air pollution, allergies and asthma
• Mental disorders such as anxiety and depression
Urbanization • Rural-to-urban migration increases due to environmental degradation, reduced productivity and conflict
over resources
• Informal shelters and communities expand
Migration &
displacement
• Disaster events can lead to displacement,19 temporary and permanent, internal and international
• Environmental degradation and competition for resources prompts women and men to move
• Forced migration due to regional vulnerability possible
H/H composition • Loss of/change in family composition due to migration/displacement and/or fatalities from natural disasters
Conflict & violence • Competition over limited resources can trigger conflict or displacement
• Shortages in regular rainfall and overall scarcity of natural resources can increase civil war by 50 per cent
• Increased anxiety and distress over livelihood insecurity
bibhuti.undmt@gmail.com
Impact of CC
Source: Climate Change, Connections, UNFPA
7. Alaska's Columbia Glacier recedes rapidly
One of the most dramatic ways we're transforming the planet is through global warming. And a great place to see its effects is
through the melting of glaciers and ice sheets around the world.
The images above show the Columbia Glacier in Alaska, which flows directly into the sea. The glacier had stayed more or
less fixed in place between its discovery in 1794 and 1980, but then suddenly began shrinking. Between 1986 and 2014, its
nose had retreated 12 miles north, making it one of the fastest-receding glaciers in the world.
Alaska's Columbia Glacier, seen on July 28, 1986 and July 2, 2014. (NASA, Images of Change)
Source: http://www.vox.com/2015/4/7/8352381/anthropocene-NASA-images
1986
2014
8. How climate change will affect key sectors
It will affect the major sectors like; Water, Food, Industry, settlement and society, Health
Water: Drought-affected areas will likely become more widely distributed. Heavier precipitation
events are very likely to increase in frequency leading to higher flood risks.
Food: While some mid-latitude and high-latitude areas will initially benefit from higher agricultural
production, for many others at lower latitudes, especially in seasonally dry and tropical regions, the
increases in temperature and the frequency of droughts and floods are likely to affect crop production
negatively, which could increase the number of people at risk from hunger and increased levels of
displacement and migration.
Industry, settlement and society: The most vulnerable industries, settlements and societies are
generally those located in coastal areas and river flood plains, and those whose economies are closely
linked with climate sensitive resources. This applies particularly to locations already prone to extreme
weather events, and especially areas undergoing rapid urbanization. Where extreme weather events
become more intense or more frequent, the economic and social costs of those events will increase.
Health: The projected changes in climate are likely to alter the health status of millions of people,
including through increased deaths, disease and injury due to heat waves, floods, storms, fires and
droughts. Increased malnutrition, diarrhoeal disease and malaria in some areas will increase
vulnerability to extreme public health and development goals will be threatened by longer term
damage to health systems from disasters
bibhuti.undmt@gmail.com
9. Source: http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0670e/i0670e03.htm
CC impacts on
West and
Central Africa
• Impact on crop
• Possible agricultural
losses from 2-4%
• Population living in
coastal area would
be affected by
projected rise in sea
level and flood
• Changes in coastal
environment
(mangroves and
coastal degradation)
could have –ve
impacts on fisheries
and tourism
Climate change impacts on Africa
bibhuti.undmt@gmail.com
10. How climate change will affect the different regions of the world
Climate change will affect all countries, but people
in the poorest countries and poor people in richer
countries are more likely to suffer the most.
• low adaptive capacities, arising from endemic poverty,
• weak institutions, and complex disasters and associated conflicts
• drought will continue to be a primary concern for many African
populations.
• by 2020, in some African countries agricultural yields could be reduced
by as much as 50%. By the 2080s, the area of arid and semiarid land in
Africa will likely increase by 5-8%.
Africa:
• rapid urbanization, industrialization, and economic development have
placed on natural resources.
• availability of adequate fresh water, which by the 2050s will be a
concern for possibly more than one billion people.
• continued melting of glaciers in the Himalayan region is projected to
increase flooding.
• coastal areas, and especially its heavily populated delta regions, will
become even more prone to increased flooding because of both rising
sea levels and river flooding.
Asia’s
11. Contd.Europe:
will need to cope with retreating glaciers and extend of permafrost,
reduced precipitation in Southern Europe and the possibility of more droughts in some areas, as well
as increased risk of flash floods.
higher temperatures and heat waves will increase health risks and increase the frequency and
severity of wildfires.
reduced forest area and agricultural productivity and greater vulnerability of low-lying coastal areas
to rising sea levels are likely.
many economic sectors will be affected. For Southern Europe, less water will reduce hydropower
potential, tourism and, in general, crop production.
Latin America’s :
changes in precipitation patterns and the disappearance of glaciers will significantly reduce the
amount of water available for human consumption, agriculture and energy generation.
In drier areas, climate change is expected to lead to increased salinization and desertification of
agricultural land.
The productivity of some crops and livestock will decrease, with adverse consequences for food
security. Rising sea levels will cause increased risk of flooding in low-lying coastal areas.
North America: will experience further decrease of mountain snow due to rising temperatures leading
to increased winter flooding and reduced summer flows, and to altered seasonal availability of water.
Many areas are expected to experience more, longer and hotter heat waves, with a greater potential for
adverse health impacts. Sustained higher temperatures also will increase the risk of forest fires. Coastal
communities will be increasingly threatened if the intensity of tropical storms increases.
12. What is CC Adaption
CCA is defined by UNFCCC “as adjustment in natural or human systems
in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects
that moderate harm and exploit beneficial opportunities.
This can include;
(a) adapting development to gradual changes in average temperature, sea level
and precipitation; and
(b) reducing and managing the risks associated with more frequent, severe and
unpredictable extreme weather events” (UNISDR, 2010)
bibhuti.undmt@gmail.com
13. CC initiatives in The Gambia
CC
Legal framework
Institutions NEA is heading the CC
Policy and Plans The CC policy is in progress
Resources
Integration into
development plans
bibhuti.undmt@gmail.com
14. 1. IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Working Group I, Summary for Policymakers:
http://195.70.10.65/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-spm.pdf.
2. IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Working Group II Report:
http://195.70.10.65/ipccreports/ar4-wg2.htm.
3. http://www.vox.com/2015/4/7/8352381/anthropocene-NASA-images
4. Climate Change, Connections, UNFPA
References:
bibhuti.undmt@gmail.com