The document discusses climate change, its causes, and effects. It defines climate as the average weather conditions in a place over many years, while weather is the short-term conditions. It then explains that climate change refers to significant changes in temperature, precipitation or wind patterns over decades or longer. The major causes of climate change discussed are increased greenhouse gas emissions from human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation, as well as some natural factors. The document outlines several effects of climate change like more extreme weather, worsening air pollution, rising sea levels, damage to oceans and ecosystems, and health impacts. In the end it discusses some potential solutions to address climate change.

1. CLIMATE
CHANGE
“It’s a collective endeavor, it’s collective accountability and it
may not be too late” Christine Lagarde
Alonzo
Aquino
Laxamana
Sacdalan
Vargas
Vasquez
VenturaBSN -IIA

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CLIMATE WEATHER
The weather of a place
averaged over a period of time,
often 30 years. Climate
information includes the
statistical weather information
that tells us about the normal
weather, as well as the range of
weather extremes for a
location.
The day-to-day state of the
atmosphere, and its short-
term variation in minutes to
weeks. People generally
think of weather as the
combination of temperature,
humidity, precipitation,
cloudiness, visibility, and
wind.
WEATHER vs CLIMATE

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WEATHER vs CLIMATE
WEATHER
• Short term
• Limited area
• Can change rapidly
• Difficult to predict
CLIMATE
• Long term
• Wide area
• Seasonal changes
• Measured over long spans of
time

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At present, climate change is one among the global difficulties
which the people are facing. The temperature of atmosphere
and oceans have been increased, there is an increase in sea
level, a powerful decrease in Arctic sea ice and along with all
these there are other changes too which are related to climate
and its change. So, it is necessary to know about the science of
climate change which helps us in decreasing the magnitude or
size of climate change.
CLIMATE CHANGE

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CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change refers to any
significant change in the
measures of climate lasting
for an extended period. In
other words, climate change
includes major changes in
temperature, precipitation, or
wind patterns, among other
effects, that occur over
several decades or longer.

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CLIMATE CHANGE
Although “climate change”
and “global warming” are
often used interchangeably,
global warming is just one
aspect of climate change.
Global Warming - the recent rise in
the global average temperature near
the earth’s surface.

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Climate is affected by many factors:
• ABIOTIC FACTORS:
 Latitude
 Altitude
 Ocean currents
 Solar Radiation
 Evaporation
 Volcanic Activity
• BIOTIC FACTORS:
Transpiration
Respiration
Decomposition
Digestion
Photosynthesis

8. CLIMATE CHANGE
CAUSES
• Climate change is caused by increasing levels of
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in our
atmosphere—the most abundant of which is
carbon dioxide (CO2). Carbon dioxide - CO2– is
constantly being released through respiration,
plant decomposition and the burning of fossil
fuels.
• The past century has seen dramatic increases of
CO2 and other GHG emissions, particularly from
burning fossil fuels like coal, oil and to a lesser
extent, natural gas. Some of the primary causes
of climate change are fossil fuel combustion,
industrial processes, deforestation,
transportation and even buildings.
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9. CLIMATE CHANGE
NATURAL CAUSES
As we all know, the earth has gone
through warm and cool phases in
the past, and long before humans
were around. Forces that contribute
to climate change include the sun’s
intensity, volcanic eruptions, and
changes in naturally occurring
greenhouse gas concentrations.
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10. CLIMATE
CHANGE
10
ANTHROPOGENIC CAUSES
Humans or more specifically, the
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
we generate, are the leading cause
of the earth’s rapidly changing
climate. Greenhouse gases play an
important role in keeping the planet
warm enough to inhabit. But the
amount of these gases in our
atmosphere has skyrocketed in
recent decades.

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PRIMARY SOURCE
Burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas for electricity, heat, and
transportation.
SECONDARY SOURCE
Deforestation (logging, clear-cutting, fires, and other forms of forest
degradation)
OTHER HUMAN ACTIVITIES
Fertilizer use (a primary source of nitrous oxide emissions), livestock
production (cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goats are major methane emitters),
and certain industrial processes that release fluorinated gases.
CLIMATE CHANGE
ANTHROPOGENIC CAUSES

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CLIMATE CHANGE

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EFFECTS
CLIMATE CHANGE

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As the earth’s atmosphere heats up, it collects, retains,
and drops more water, changing weather patterns and
making wet areas wetter and dry areas drier. Higher
temperatures worsen and increase the frequency of
many types of disasters, including storms, floods, heat
waves, and droughts. These events can have
devastating and costly consequences, jeopardizing
access to clean drinking water, fueling out-of-control
wildfires, damaging property, creating hazardous-material
spills, polluting the air, and leading to loss of life.
EXTREME WEATHER

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Air pollution and climate change are inextricably linked,
with one exacerbating the other. When the earth’s
temperatures rise, not only does our air gets dirtier—with
smog and soot levels going up—but there are also more
allergenic air pollutants such as circulating mold and
pollen.
DIRTY AIR

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As global temperatures rise, so do the number of fatalities and
illnesses from heat stress, heatstroke, and cardiovascular and kidney
disease.
As air pollution worsens, so does respiratory health; there’s more airborne
pollen and mold to torment hay fever and allergy sufferers, too.
Extreme weather events, such as severe storms and flooding, can lead to
injury, drinking water contamination, and storm damage that may
compromise basic infrastructure or lead to community displacement.
A warmer, wetter world is also a boon for insect-borne diseases such as
dengue fever, West Nile virus, and Lyme disease.
HEALTH RISKS

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The Arctic is heating twice as fast as any other place on
the planet. As its ice sheets melt into the seas, our
oceans are on track to rise one to four feet higher by
2100, threatening coastal ecosystems and low-lying
areas. Island nations face particular risk, as do some of
the world’s largest cities, including New York, Miami,
Mumbai, and Sydney.
RISING SEAS

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The earth’s oceans absorb between one-quarter and one-third of
our fossil fuel emissions and are now 30 percent more
acidic than they were in preindustrial times.
This acidification poses a serious threat to underwater life,
particularly creatures with calcified shells or skeletons like
oysters, clams, and coral. It can have a devastating impact
on shellfisheries, as well as the fish, birds, and mammals that
depend on shellfish for sustenance. Rising ocean
temperatures are also altering the range and population of
underwater species and contributing to coral bleaching
events capable of killing entire reefs—ecosystems that support
more than 25 percent of all marine life.
WARMER, MORE ACIDIC OCEANS

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Climate change is increasing pressure on wildlife to adapt
to changing habitats and fast. Many species are seeking
out cooler climates and higher altitudes, altering seasonal
behaviors, and adjusting traditional migration patterns.
These shifts can fundamentally transform entire
ecosystems and the intricate webs of life that depend on
them.
IMPERILED ECOSYSTEMS

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EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

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Responding to climate change involves two
possible approaches: reducing and stabilizing the
levels of heat-trapping greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere (“mitigation”) and/or adapting to
the climate change already in the pipeline
(“adaptation”).
SOLUTION

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1. Forego Fossil Fuels
2. Move Closer to Work
3. Consume Less
4. Be Efficient
5. Eat Smart, Go
Vegetarian
6. Stop Cutting Down
Trees
7. Unplug
8. Family Planning
9. Future Fuels
10. Experiment Earth
Top 10 Solutions to Reverse Climate
Change

23. THANK YOU!