This document provides information about the boiler drum and its functions:
1. The boiler drum separates steam and water mixtures, stores water, and reduces dissolved solids in steam through blowdown. It contains internals like turbo separators and screen dryers for separation.
2. The drum connects to downcomers, risers, feed lines, and superheater lines. Auxiliary lines include blowdown, chemical dosing, and instrumentation.
3. Proper fitting and alignment of internals is important for efficient steam separation and prevention of impurity carryover into steam.
The presentation details about the Boiler Operation specifically while lightup of boiler and loading of boiler. the course participants discuss in details about the operations carried in their respective power stations
The presentation details about the Boiler Operation specifically while lightup of boiler and loading of boiler. the course participants discuss in details about the operations carried in their respective power stations
A Brief Introduction to Industrial boiler. And details about Boiler of Monnet Power Company Ltd(2X525 MW) Thermal Power Plant. Details about parts of Boiler, Water & Steam path, Oil Circuit, flue Gas Circuit.
Water steam Circuit in Supercritical Boiler for 660MW Power PlantHareesh VS
An animated presentation over Complete water steam circulation in a super critical boiler with flow chart. The water-steam path through various Systems (High pressure & Low pressure systems) in boiler for a 660MW thermal power plat, and also indicates the temperature and pressure variations after flowing through individual systems. Watch Live Presentation on YouTube: http://youtu.be/snIVrTmI4bM
The slides describe the factors that affect the performance of AFBC boilers and how to improve the performance of AFBC boilers. These type of boilers are mainly used in the below 100 MW power boilers.
Boiler purge is the basic process of resetting boiler before lightup. This presentation explains the logic, schematics & working of purge procedure. For enhanced knowledge of this topic, I can be reached at tahoorkhn03@gmail.com.
The writeup details the Heat Balance of BHEL 210 MW Turbine Cycle. The Input and Output steam condition of Turbines, Extractions, Deaerator, LP Heaters, Condensers etc have been computed as per the specifications of the turbine manufacturer
A Brief Introduction to Industrial boiler. And details about Boiler of Monnet Power Company Ltd(2X525 MW) Thermal Power Plant. Details about parts of Boiler, Water & Steam path, Oil Circuit, flue Gas Circuit.
Water steam Circuit in Supercritical Boiler for 660MW Power PlantHareesh VS
An animated presentation over Complete water steam circulation in a super critical boiler with flow chart. The water-steam path through various Systems (High pressure & Low pressure systems) in boiler for a 660MW thermal power plat, and also indicates the temperature and pressure variations after flowing through individual systems. Watch Live Presentation on YouTube: http://youtu.be/snIVrTmI4bM
The slides describe the factors that affect the performance of AFBC boilers and how to improve the performance of AFBC boilers. These type of boilers are mainly used in the below 100 MW power boilers.
Boiler purge is the basic process of resetting boiler before lightup. This presentation explains the logic, schematics & working of purge procedure. For enhanced knowledge of this topic, I can be reached at tahoorkhn03@gmail.com.
The writeup details the Heat Balance of BHEL 210 MW Turbine Cycle. The Input and Output steam condition of Turbines, Extractions, Deaerator, LP Heaters, Condensers etc have been computed as per the specifications of the turbine manufacturer
Contains:
History, Specifications Of Boiler, Characteristics of boiler, construction and working, Salient features of boiler, Advantages and disadvantages, video
Download Link (Copy URL):
https://sites.google.com/view/varunpratapsingh/teaching-engagements
This PPT contained slides for Steam distribution system, which is a third unit in Energy Conservation subject of final year in Mechanical Engineering Branch.
The content of PPT are mentioned below:
Steam Distribution System, Thermodynamics, Heat, Properties of steam, steam, steam system, PDRS, Steam pipe installation, Dryers, Operation and maintenance of steam traps, Condensate Recovery System, Flash Recovery System, Energy Conservation Opportunity in Steam Distribution System.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
2. 1. Boiler Drum is a pressure vessel it is used to
Separate steam and water mixture
2. Mixing feed water with water separated from
steam-water mixture and re-circulate through the
evaporating tubes.
3. Reduce dissolved solid contents of the steam
( Blow down)
4. Storage of water
2
3. There is a considerable difference
between the density of water and steam at
low pressure but as the pressure
increases towards critical point the density
difference decreases.
3
5. Baffle plates are used to reverse flow direction of
the mixture and acts as impact plate.
Reversing hoods combine the desirable features
of baffles and change of direction principles.
Steam & water from the active generating tubes
are directed behind a baffle into slotted reversing
hoods.
5
6. Mixture passes through the Turbo separator.
The resulting centrifugal force causes the higher
density water from a layer against the cylinder
walls and the steam moves to the core of the
cylinder and then upward. The water flows
downward through the annular can below the
drum level
Further steam passes through a small corrugated
scrubber attached with the Turbo separator for
additional separation.
6
7. To arrest the residual moisture if any steam is
passed through the screen dryer before leaving
the drum.
Closely spaced corrugated or bent plates, screens
or mats of woven wire mesh can be used as dryer
surface materials. The screen type dryers are
commonly used.
7
11. 1. Wet steam entering the drum from the riser tubes
is collected in a compartment called separating
chamber
2. From this compartment the steam is first led
through two rows of turbo separators.
3. Each turbo-separator consists of a primary stage
and a secondary stage
11
12. 4. Two concentric cans form the primary stage.
Spinner blades impart a centrifugal motion to the
mixture of steam and water flowing upward
through the inner can, thereby throwing the water
to the outside and forcing the steam to inside.
The water is arrested by a skim-off lip and flows
down through the annular between the two cans.
The steam proceeds up to the secondary
separator stage.
12
13. 5. The secondary stage consists of two opposed
banks of closely spaced thin corrugated sheets,
which direct the steam through a tortuous path,
and separate the remaining entrained water.
6. Since the velocity is relatively low, this water
does not get picked up again, but runs down the
plates and flows off the second stage lips at the
outlets
13
14. 7. From the secondary separators the steam flows
uniformly and with relatively low velocity upward
to the series of screen dryers, extending in layers
across the length of the drum. These screens
perform the final stage of separation.
14
15. CBD Lines
To keep concentration of impurities within
specified limit it is necessary to drain a portion of
water from the drum continuously and
compensate the same with fresh make up water
having lower impurities so that no scaling occurs
in side boiler tubes and to prevent silica carry
over. Normally % of CBD will be maximum 1% of
the Steam generation.
CBD % =
TDS in make up water in PPM
TDS allowed in boiler water in PPM
=% of make up
15
16. Emergency Blow down Lines
During certain operating condition water level may
raise above the NWL which may lead to carry over
of water by Steam and at times the separators
may be submerged into the water. In such
situation to bring the water level to normal, this
blow down provision is made in the drum. The line
remained open till the level comes back to normal.
16
17. Chemical Dosing Line Purpose:
1. To reduce chances of scale forming salt by
converting it to sludge and removal through low
point drain. Tri Sodium Phosphate is used to react
with scale forming salts like Calcium Chloride,
Calcium Sulphate etc. and convert them into
sludge.
3CaCl2 + 2NA3PO4 Ca3 (PO4) 2 +6NaCl
17
18. Chemical Dosing Line Purpose:
2. Tri sodium Phosphate Dosing improves the pH value of
boiler water and produce Sodium Hydroxide
NA3PO4 + H2O NaOH + NA2HPO4
Higher the pH value also limits the Silica carry Over.
However excess dosing may cause free caustic deposits
in boiler tubes called caustic embrittlement in boiler
18
21. Length : 27998 mm
ID : 1778 mm
Wall Thk. : 185 mm / 155mm
Weight : 247.67 MT
Material : SA 299
Turbo separators : 110 Nos.
Screen Dryers : 148 Nos.
Riser Connections : 80 nos.
Super Heater Connection : 26 Nos.
Down comers : 6 nos.
Safety valve : 6 nos.
Feed Nozzle : 3 nos.
Drum Elevation: : 80.561 m
21
22. MAIN CONNECTIONS
1. Feed Lines
2. Down Comers
3. Risers
4. Super heater supply tubes
AUXILLARY CONNECTIONS
1. Blow Down Lines
2. Chemical Dosing Lines
3. Instrumentation Tappings
4. Air Vents
5. Safety valves
6. Nitrogen Filling Line
7. High & Low level trips
22
23. Feed Lines
Feed water from economiser outlet is supplied to drum
through feed lines and connected to the feed nozzles
mounted with the drum. Feed nozzles in turn are
connected to the feed header provided inside the drum.
Downcomers
The downcomer pipe are connected to the bottom of the
drum. The water from drum is circulated to the
evaporating tubes through the downcomers which are
kept external to the heating zone of the boiler. There are
6 nos of down comers at 600MW boiler drum.
23
24. Riser Tubes
The water steam mixtures formed inside the
evaporating tubes is collected in the top headers
from where water steam mixture enters the drum
through risers tubes.
Super Heater Supply Tubes
The dry saturated steam separated inside the
drum is circulated to Superheaters through these
tubes connected at the top of the drum
24
25. The water entry from drum to down comers
connected at the bottom leads to the formation of
vortex at the inlet. This may cause drawl of steam
into down comers and water hammering. To
prevent this vortex formation anti-vortex spider in
the form of cruciform are located at the down
comers inlet.
25
26. Air Vents :Vent pipes fitted with valves and open
to atmosphere are mounted on the top of the
drum. The vents are required to evacuate the air
while filling water in drum and to kill the vacuum
during shutdown due to condensing of steam in
drum.
Nitrogen filling line: To charge nitrogen into drum
when boiler is under shut down for preservation
purpose.
26
27. Safety Valve
To prevent drum explosion from excessive
pressure, drum is provided with spring loaded
safety valve. The valves open automatically when
the drum pressure increases more than the set
pressure of the valve by the action of steam itself
without any operator interference and relieve
excess pressure.
27
28. ◦ Boiler drum is a heavy wall pressure vessel having
hemispherical ends
◦ Heavy thickness plate are rolled/pressed and welded to
construct the drum
◦ It consists of cylindrical portion with two hemispherical
end
◦ Generally made of carbon steel plate conforming
specification SA 299 or SA 515-70
◦ Located at the Top of the Boiler hanging from Ceiling
Girder by means of U rods, bolts & nuts.
◦ It is the first pressure parts element to be erected after
completion of necessary structural work.
28
29. The fitting and alignment of drum internals are
very important for its efficient performance. Any
misalignment with gap will lead to heavy carry-
over of impurities into steam which will get
deposited in the super heater . The alignment
should be checked and drum internals should be
set right at every annual overhaul. In between
also, it is desirable to check the drum internals fit
up during any shut down for a few days.
29