3. RTBs are processed at large and small scales
Thailand 200t
starch/day
Nigeria 2t
HQCF/day
Nigeria 0.3t
gari/day
A. de la Giraudière
Colombia 2-3t
starch/day
Vietnam 3-11t
starch/day
Paraguay 25-
100t starch/day
Tanzania 2t
HQCF /day
2
4. Thailand produces 2-3 million tons cassava
starch/year
25-30 million tons cassava roots / year (3rd producer)
10-12 millions tons roots processed into starch
Factories use:
Electricity: 900 - 1000 MJ/t starch
Thermal energy: 1600 - 2500 MJ/t starch
Since 2004, 90% of factories switched from
fuel oil to biogas for starch drying
3
14. Diagnostic: Roots are the main cost of production
81,24%
3,34%
7,48%
1,41%
4,13%
0,45%
1,95%
Factory A
92.5%
1.5%
1.2%
4.8%
PA1
73%
7%
6%
6%
8% Roots
Electricity
Natural gas
Labour
Other costs
63%11%
9%
10%
7%
Raw
material
Power
66%
1%
15%
3%
15% Roots
Electricity
Labour
Consumabes,
packaging, etc.
Office &
Marketing
Thailand Vietnam Colombia
Nigeria
CIRAD, CIAT, Univalle, NRI, 2013-2014
16. Improvements: Flash drying
• Demand for small scale cassava starch/flour production
process in many countries : Nigeria, Tanzania, Colombia,
Peru …
• Traditional processes (solar) are limited in capacity
• Down-scaling flash drying process is one of the main barriers
• Model to help understanding the influence of several
parameters, including:
• Design: pipe length, diameter…
• Control and regulation : air speed, temperature, starch feed rate…
15
21. Diversity of dryers Argentina (Montecarlo)
CIRAD, CIAT, Univalle, Clayuca, KMUTT
22. Diversity of dryers Argentina (San Alberto 1)
CIRAD, CIAT, Univalle, Clayuca, KMUTT
23. Diversity of dryers Argentina (San Alberto 2)
CIRAD, CIAT,
Univalle, Clayuca,
KMUTT
24. Diversity of flash dryers
Capacity Energy use Energy type
t/day MJ/t
Thailand 200 1500 - 2000 Biogas
Vietnam 2 5000 Coal
Nigeria 1 - 2 3000 - 10000 Oil / Biomass
Paraguay 25 - 100 2000 - 3400 Wood
Colombia (AdS) 50 2600 Natural gas
Colombia (Cauca) 2 - Sun drying
Can we make dryers at small scale with same
energy efficiency as large scale?
CIRAD, CIAT, Univalle, Clayuca, KMUTT
25. 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
Pipe length [m]
Specificenergyconsumption[kJ.kg
−1
]
U
a
0
= 10 m.s−1
Ua
0
= 15 m.s−1
Ua
0
= 20 m.s−1
Predictions of the model
Higher air flow rate (e.g. 10, 15, 20 m/s) requires a
longer pipe for good energy efficiency. Min 20 m.
Specificenergyuse
CIRAD
Large scale dryers
length: 30-40m
EFFICIENT
Small scale dryers
length: 10-12m
NOT EFFICIENT
Use long pipes
even for small
dryers
Adjust
capacity with
pipe diameter
26. Downscaling is not proportional
CIRAD, CIAT, Univalle,
Clayuca, KMUTT, IITA
2-4 t starch/day
50 t starch/day
28. Consumer preferences
To match varieties, processing and expectations of users &
consumers
Interviews, focus groups, sensory analysis to understand
expectations
Making sure varieties and processing deliver products
that meet these expectations
On-going work on:
- Effect of rasping on texture, starch recovery
- Effects of process on the quality of garis (Benin, Cameroon)
- Cooking ability
- Fermentation ability
- Etc.
34. Processing and cassava value chains
Scenario 1: Current low-
efficiency processing
technologies (small-scale)
expand to meet demand.
Next 20-30 years:
- Cassava production increases
- Demand for processed products increases
Scenario 2: More efficient
technologies are available for
expansion
Lower production costs,
lower environmental impacts.
Needed: Links with value chains approaches to improve adoption
Technologies for:
- Starch, flour
- Gari, fufu; ready-to-use products (fresh, waxed, frozen, etc.)
35. Nanthiya Hansupalak
Klanarong Sriroth
Arnaud Chapuis
Palotai Piromkraipak
Pakhamas Tamthirat
Sudarat Lee
Apisit Manitsorasak
Martin Moreno
Dominique Dufour
Andrès Escobar
Timothée Gally
Arthur de la Giraudière
Equipment manufacturers and cassava
starch factories
Contributors and donors
Adebayo Abass
Marcelo Precoppe
Keith Fahrney
Cu Thi Le Thuy
Andy Graffham
Diego Naziri
Uli Kleih
Warinthorn Songkasiri
Kanchana Saengchan
Patrick Sébastian