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Tackling cadmium in cacao and derived products – from farm to fork

  1. Cacao libre de Cadmio Taller regional Colombia – Ecuador - Perú Cali, marzo 12-14, 2018 Tackling cadmium in cacao and derived products – from farm to fork Erik Smolders, Miet Maertens, Daniela Montalvo, Ruth Vanderschueren, David Arguello, Jose-Luis Vazquez de Castro, Ramon Espinel and Eduardo Chavez KU Leuven, Belgium and ESPOL, Ecuador
  2. Objetivo(s) de la investigación Cacao libre de Cadmio Taller regional Colombia – Ecuador - Perú Cali, marzo 12-14, 2018 VLIR project 2017-2020 Aim To prepare the cacao sector in Ecuador for complying limits on Cd in cacao beans Specific objectives • Determine the agronomic and economic impact of the upcoming EU Cd regulations on the cacao industry • Investigate mitigation strategies: short term (post-harvest: blending cacao beans) and long term (agronomic countermeasures) Project FWO (Ruth Vanderschueren) • Element mapping in beans at µm resolution • Develop post harvest strategies to reduce bean Cd
  3. Metodologías y Resultados de investigación sobresalientes (1) Cacao libre de Cadmio Taller regional Colombia – Ecuador - Perú Cali, marzo 12-14, 2018 Survey 2017: 159 fields, 571 trees On each farm 3-4 trees with mature fruits are sampled Agronomic management information collected from farmers (fertilization, pesticides, age of plantation, etc) o Composite peeled bean sample from 1-3 pods per tree o Composite soil sample from 6-8 soil cores (0- 15cm) around tree o Composite sample of leaves Parameters for analysis • Leafs and peeled beans: total Cd • Soil: pH, OC, macro and micro nutrients
  4. Metodologías y Resultados de investigación sobresalientes (2) Cacao libre de Cadmio Taller regional Colombia – Ecuador - Perú Cali, marzo 12-14, 2018 pH=4.5 pH=7.5
  5. <0.12 0.25 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.65 1.2 2.7 10 Bean Cd mg/kg 0.6 “limit”
  6. Propuestas de investigación a mediano plazo • Liming • Subsurface liming (gypsum) • Variety trials in common garden • Pot trials: root distribution effects • Stable isotope tracing Cd flows root-leaf-vean • Washing-fermentation effects • Economic impact studies Cacao libre de Cadmio Taller regional Colombia – Ecuador - Perú Cali, marzo 12-14, 2018
  7. CACAO LIBRE DE CADMIO Taller regional Colombia - Ecuador - Perú Cali, 12-14 Marzo 2018
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