This document discusses ABB's case study of the Coral Bay hybrid wind/diesel microgrid in Australia. The microgrid utilizes 7 diesel generators, 3 wind turbines, and a flywheel energy storage system to maximize wind power output while maintaining a stable power supply. ABB provided the microgrid design, energy modeling tools, control systems, and energy storage technology to enable over 45% of the energy to be supplied by wind. The system demonstrates how microgrids can successfully integrate high levels of renewable energy through advanced control and energy storage solutions.

1. © ABB Group
September 20, 2014| Slide 1
Case Study for Coral BayEnergy Modelling for a Wind / Diesel and Stabilization Hybrid System
Microgrid Deployment Workshop Fall 2014: Juergen Zimmermann –ABB Microgrid Solutions

2. A global leader in power and automation technologiesLeading market positions in main businesses
~150,000
employees
Presentin
countries
+100
Formedin
1988
merger of Swiss (BBC, 1891) and Swedish (ASEA, 1883) engineering companies
In revenue(2013)
billion
42
$
© ABB Group
September 20, 2014| Slide 2

3. Renewable energyKey growth driver for both power and automation
© ABB Group
September 20, 2014| Slide 3

4. Grids powered by fossil-fuel and renewable energy
Microgrids operating on and off-grid
© ABB Group | Slide 4
Diesel generation
Wind power
Solar power
Residential loads
Industrial loads

5. ABB Australia Global CoC for Microgrids located in Darwin
*Headquarters
Lidcombe, NSW
Located at over 24 sites across Australia © ABB Group
September 20, 2014 | Slide 5
Northern Territory
WesternAustralia
Queensland
South Australia
New South Wales
Victoria
Tasmania
Malaga, WA
Henderson, WA
Lilydale, Vic
Moorebank, NSW *
Eagle Farm, Qld
Darwin, NT
Brisbane, Qld
Thebarton, SA
NottingHill, Vic
Perth, WA
Sydney, NSW
ACT
Darra, Qld
Kewdale, WA
Truganina, Vic
Norlane, Vic
Coral Bay Wind/Diesel reference site

6. Case Study Coral Bay
Wind/Diesel/Flywheel System, Australia
Key objectives
Maximisewindfarmoutput
Maintain operating limits of diesel plant
Reliable and stable power supply
Winddfarm and diesel in offgrid system
In operation since August 2007
45% of energy supplied from wind
The power system consists of
7 x 320kW Low Load Diesels
3 x 200kW Vergnettilt-up wind turbines
1 x PowerStoreflywheel (500kW)
© ABB Group
September 20, 2014 | Slide 6

7. The Coral Bay Design Process
© ABB Group
Microgrid Value Chain
© ABB Group
September 20,
2014
| Slide 7
Concept
Feasibility Study
Detailed Engineering
Supply
Installation& Commissioning
Service & Optimisation
ABB
FOYER
Spreadsheet
Energyflow
Loadflow
Stability
Protection
ABB
Energyflow
Optimized
Tuning &
Parameters
PowerStore
M+ Control
Solar Inverters
Transformers
Switchgear

8. Renewable Energy in Microgrids
The goal is NOT 100% energy contribution
Source: HOMER ENERGY Newsletter 06-2013
Need for Integration Technology
Annual Renewable Energy Contribution
© ABB Group
September 20, 2014| Slide 8

9. Pre/Feasibility Phase
HOMER Energy Flow Simulation
© ABB Group

10. Inherent volatility of renewable energy can compromise grid stability
The renewable energy integration solution must address requirements traditionally fulfilled by diesel generation (base load)
Frequency and voltage control
Sufficient spinning reserve
Sufficient active and reactive power supply
Peak shaving and load levelling
Load sharing between generators
Fault current provision
Renewable energy generation capacity should be sized to maximize ROI and fuel savings
Renewable Energy in Microgrids
Stabilising renewable power output fluctuations
(ROI: Return on investment)
© ABB Group
September 20, 2014| Slide 10

11. Detailed Engineering Phase
Coral Bay –PowerFactoryModel Verification
© ABB Group

12. Supply Phase: Microgrid Plus System
Networked Optimization & Control Platform
Retrofit to any existing diesel/gas plant
Integrate generators and loads
© ABB Group
September 20, 2014| Slide 12
Uses simple non proprietary Interface
Configuration by Power System Engineers
MGC600-G controller

13. Supply Phase: PowerStoreusing Flywheel or Battery
Microgrid Stabilising System
fast
absorb inject
© ABB Group
September 20, 2014| Slide 13

14. Features
Grid Stabilising
Scalable & Modular
Frequency Control
Introducing SYNTHETIC INERTIA
Voltage Control
Fault ride through
Grid forming
1.5MW in 40ft container
Microgrid technology solutions
PowerStore –Grid Stabilising System
18 MWs flywheel
Inverters 100–1,500 kVA
MG
440Vac
60-120Hz
440Vac
50/60Hz
Reactive
Power
Real
Power
Real
Power
Fixed
Frequency
Variable
Frequency
2.9T
1,800 -
3,600 RPM
VirtualGenerator
FlywheelInverter
© ABB Group
September 20, 2014| Slide 14
1 MWhr Li Ion Battery
Real
Power
BatterySystem

15. Coral Bay Operating Results
High Penetration Wind/Diesel/Flywheel System
© ABB Group
September 20, 2014 | Slide 15
–90% –
Wind Penetration–8hr Graph
900 hours of the year >90%
1/3 of the year more > 80% pen

16. Load
kWh
WindEnergy Generated
kWh
Generator
kWh
RealSystem Data (10min)
3,110,922
1,457,400
1,971,356
HOMER
(1hr)
3,142,209
1,421,584
1,835,463
Accuracy
101%
97.5%
93.3%
Microgrid Design Optimisation:
Coral Bay –HOMER Modelling Verification
© ABB Group

17. Microgrid Design Optimisation
Model Verification – Ensuring Model Accuracy
September 20,
2014
© ABB Group
| Slide 17
 Step Load response of a 320 kW Diesel Generator with a 100kW step
 Comparison of simulated behaviour vs. real measured data of frequency
 Accuracy of >98%, little overshoot due to simplification in Governor Model
30.00 34.00 38.00 42.00 46.00 [s] 50.00
60.50
60.25
60.00
59.75
59.50
59.25
Case3E_Gen7: Frequency in Hz
GEN7: Simulated Frequency in Hz
1.16E+4
1.15E+4
DIgSILENT
50Hz

18. ABB On-grid and off-grid MicrogridTechnologyReference List
© ABB Group
September 20, 2014 | Slide 18
Wind/Diesel Power Stations (11)
Country
wind / solar/
other
power/ renewable/ kW
MicrogridPlus System
PowerStore Battery or Flywheel
Peak renewable penetration
Customer / Operator
Year of start of operation
Denham
AU/WA
Wind
4x230/330
x
90%
Verve Energy
2004
Rottnest Island
AU/WA
Wind
600
x
65%
Rottnest Island board
2005
Coral Bay
AU/WA
Wind
3x225
x
x
95%
Verve Energy
2008
Ross Island
Antartica
Wind
3x330
x
x
60%
Meridian Energy
2010
Flores
Azores
Wind
2x330
x
x
100%
EDA
2006 & 2010
Graciosa
Azores
Wind
2x330
x
x
60%
EDA
2006
Mawson
Antartica
Wind
2x330
x
90%
Australian Antarctica Div
2004
Esperance
AU/WA
Wind
15x225/600
x
35%
Verve Energy
2004
Hopetown
AU/WA
Wind
600
x
65%
Verve Energy
2008
Bremer Bay
AU/WA
Wind
600
x
65%
Verrve Energy
2005
Faial
Azores
Wind
5x850
x
40%
EDA
2013
Solar PV/Diesel Power Stations (2)
Marble Bar
AU/WA
PV
300
x
x
100%
Horizon Power
2011
Nullagine
AU/WA
PV
200
x
x
100%
Horizon Power
2011
Other Renewable(1)
Legion House, Sydney
AU/NSW
Syngas
200
x
x
100%
KLM/Grocon
2013
Other Microgrid Stabilisation and Energy Storage (5+)
LeinsterNickel Mine
AU/WA
Peak Lopping
x
BHP
2004
Zurich, Batterysmoothing
Switzerland
PV
x
EKZ
2012
LongIsland, Gas station
US/NY
-
x
NYPA
2011
La Gomera, Stabilisation
Spain
Wind
x
x
UnelcoEndessa
2013
LaPalma, Stabilsation
Spain
Wind
x
REE
2013

19. On Grid Reference system
SPAusnetGrid Energy Storage, Australia
Customer
SP Ausnet
Key objectives
Low emission solution for grid support
Peak lopping
Power factor correction
Voltage and frequency support
Non network solution
Mobile/transportable
Automatic transition offgrid/ongrid
Operate in grid parallel or islanded mode
ABB solution
Design, install, commission and 2 year service for Grid Energy Storage System with diesel generator
The resulting system has
Microgrid Plus System
Diesel Generator 1MW
PowerStoreBattery 1MW/1h
Transformer & RMU for 22kV connection
© ABB Group
September 20, 2014 | Slide 19

20. Technologyto install and operate Microgridswith high and low renewable energy contribution is now proven and commercially available
Solar/diesel or Wind/diesel systems have lower levilizedcostof energy compared to diesel only
System design tools allow to optimize and engineer the systems using verified models.
Challenge is to standardise system designsand reduce cost of integration (CSIRO & ABB are collaborating as part of a research project to standardise interfaces)
Barriers to increase uptake of renewable energy can be overcome through partnerships and early engagement
© ABB Group
September 20, 2014 | Slide 20
Renewable Energy in Off Grid systems
Summary & Outlook

21. © ABB Group
September 20, 2014 | Slide 21